专题42.名词性从句考点运用（教师版）-2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）

名词性从句考点运用目标导航目标导航在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。=1\*GB3①Whatwasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily.(主语从句)=2\*GB3②Idon’tknowwhatyouwanttosay.(宾语从句)=3\*GB3③Thegoodnewsisthatwehavewonthegame.(表语从句)=4\*GB3④Thenewsthatwehavewonthegameistrue.(同位语从句)引导名词性从句的关联词：从属连词that,because疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whether,if疑问副词when,where,why,how,缩合连接词whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever关联短语asif,asthough注意：连词that在引导名词性从句时无词义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如：=1\*GB3①Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.=2\*GB3②Wealldon’tknowwhenhewillcome.一、明备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.连接代词what,who(m)，whoever,which,whose等的用法；2.连接副词when,where,why和how等的用法；3.连接词that,whether和if的用法。1.连接词that与连接副词的混用；2.连接词that与连接代词的混用；3.连接词that的缺失；4.连接代词what,which,who等之间的混用；5.连接代词与连接副词的混用。1.It＋be＋名词/形容词/动词的过去分词＋that从句2.Itlooks/seemsasif...“好像……；仿佛……”3.Thisisbecause...“这是因为……(强调原因)”4.Thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的原因是……”5.Thatiswhy...“那就是……的原因(强调结果)”6.Thequestion/problemiswhether/when/where...“问题是……”7.Hisdream/suggestion/aim/purposeisthat...“他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……”8.What从句＋be＋that从句1.主语从句在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。例如：=1\*GB3①Thathestoleabikewastrue.=2\*GB3②Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.=3\*GB3③Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.=4\*GB3④WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.=5\*GB3⑤Whetherhecanpasstheexamdependsonwhetherhestudyhardornot.=6\*GB3⑥Whateveryoudoisnoneofmybusiness.=7\*GB3⑦Whoevercomestoourlibrarywillbewelcome.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：=1\*GB3①Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.=2\*GB3②Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.主语从句比较长的时候，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+主语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itisafactthathehasgoneabroad.=2\*GB3②Itisapitythatyoumissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.（2）It+be+形容词+主语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itisobviousthathetoldalie.=2\*GB3②Itiscertainthathewillwinthegame.（3）It+be+过去分词+主语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itissaidthatshewillcometothepartytomorrow.=2\*GB3②Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplanearetotakeoff.（4）It+不及物动词+主语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Ithappenedthatthemeetingwascanceledthatday.=2\*GB3②ItoccurredtomethatIhadforgottentobringmywallet.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do，常用的句型是：Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/essential,etc.)that…例如：=1\*GB3①It’snecessarythatyoushouldstudyhard.=2\*GB3②Itisstrangethatheshouldsaythat.=3\*GB3③Itisessentialthatacollegestudentshouldmasteratleastaforeignlanguage.2.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。例如：=1\*GB3①Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.=2\*GB3②Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.=3\*GB3③Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.1).由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：Hehastoldme(that)hewillleaveWuhanandthathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.注意:在insist,suggest,advise,decide,demand,desire,require,request,order,command等表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形。例如：=1\*GB3①Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.=2\*GB3②Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中用陈述语气。例如：=1\*GB3①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.=2\*GB3②Theboyinsistedthathehadnotstolenthemoney.2).用whether或if引导的宾语从句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示“是否”只用whether.介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。例如：=1\*GB3①Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.=2\*GB3②Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.=3\*GB3③Heseldomloseshistemperexceptthatyoumakeafoolofhim.3).宾语从句中的时态呼应宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。例如：=1\*GB3①IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.=2\*GB3②IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.=3\*GB3③Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.=4\*GB3④WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。例如：=1\*GB3①Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.=2\*GB3②TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.4).当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。例如：=1\*GB3①Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.=2\*GB3②Idon’tthinkhewilldoso.注意：doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。besure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Idoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.=2\*GB3②Thereisnodoubtthathewillcometomorrow.=3\*GB3③Iamsurethathewillwinthegame.=4\*GB3④Iamnotsurewhetherhewillwinthegame.3.表语从句在复合句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语从句常放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif,because引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+表语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.=2\*GB3②That’sjustwhatIwant.=3\*GB3③Thisiswhereourproblemlies.=4\*GB3④Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.=5\*GB3⑤Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.=6\*GB3⑥Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.4.同位语从句在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用于解释说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether和连接副词when,where,why,how；连接代词who，what，whose，which也可以引导同位语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Thenewsthathewonthefirstplacewastrue.=2\*GB3②Itisaquestionhowhedidit.=3\*GB3③Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.=4\*GB3④Wehaven’tsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.=5\*GB3⑤Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.=6\*GB3⑥Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.同位语从句一般紧跟在被解释的名词之后，但有时候也可以分开，将从句放在句末。例如：=1\*GB3①Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewruleshouldbeadopted.=2\*GB3②WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschool.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

（1）定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句解释说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

=1\*GB3①The

plane

that

has

just

taken

off

is

for

Paris.

（定语从句）

=2\*GB3②The

fact

that

he

has

died

is

quite

clear.

（同位语从句）

（2）定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that

引导，在从句中不充当句子成分；where,

when,

how,

who,

whether,

what

等连词也可以引导同位语从句，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

=1\*GB3①The

news

that

he

told

me

is

true.

（定语从句）=2\*GB3②The

news

that

he

has

just

died

is

true.

（同位语从句）=3\*GB3③The

problem

that

we’re

facing

now

is

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money.

(定语从句)=4\*GB3④The

problem

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money

is

hardto

solve.

（同位语从句）=5\*GB3⑤The

question

that

he

raised

puzzled

all

of

us.

（定语从句）=6\*GB3⑥The

question

whetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位语从句）

（3）同位语从句与先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,

而定语从句则不能。如：

=1\*GB3①Theideathatwecanasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位语从句）→The

idea

is

that

we

can

ask

the

teacher

for

advice.

=2\*GB3②The

fact

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

is

known

to

all.

（同位语从句）

→The

fact

is

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun.

=3\*GB3③Pay

attention

to

the

problem

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.

（同位语从句）

→The

problem

is

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.1.Wenowrealize________importantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.2.Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.________findstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.3.Thejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethan________CaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.4.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelydust.5.Scientistsarestillnotexactlysure________genesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.6.Itisoftenthecase________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.7.Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.8.Itrulybelieve________beautycomesfromwithin.9.Wemustfindout________Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.10.Theexhibitiontellsus________weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.11.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot________shipsarebuiltfor.12.Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain，butitwasprobablyaround1565.1．how【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。根据后面的howimportant可以看出此处也是填how。2．whoever【解析】考查名词性主句中的主语从句。句意：无论是谁发现了他们的书，都去那儿，并记录下他们是在哪儿发现的书。3．what【解析】考查名词性从句，引导词在从句中做haddone的宾语，故用what。4．that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全免于尘埃。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选D5．how【解析】句意：科学家仍然不确定基因是如何影响人的年龄的，但是他们相信会影响。用how最为贴切。6．that【解析】考查主语从句的引导词。句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分也不缺意义，故要用that引导。7．where【解析】句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，在从句中用作地点状语。8．that【解析】句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。9．when【解析】句意：我们必须知道他什么时候来，以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的sowecanbookaroomforhim可知这里指时间，故用when引导。10．why【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，根据意义为why。11．what【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isn't后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作从句的中for的宾语。12．when【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：马铃薯被引入欧洲的确切时间是不确定的，但是大约是在1565年。根据句意when引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。故填when。二、攻重点难点(一)引导名词性从句的连接代词(如what)，连接副词(如when)，连接词(that,if,whether)的用法和区别解答名词性从句中连接词的选用题目时，可采用“句子翻译法”，即看空缺处在句中是什么意思，充当什么成分。若在从句中不作成分只起引导作用，用that；若表达“是否”意义，用if/whether；若充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，用连接代词；若充当状语，则用连接副词。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回到家。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到玛丽可能生病了。(二)连接代词who/whom,what,which与whoever/whomever,whatever,whichever的用法和区别在这两类连接词中，前面三个连接词在引导名词性从句时依然带有疑问的语气和含义，分别表示“谁”“什么”和“哪一个”。后面三个连接词则表示“无论……”的含义，并带有具体的针对性，不带疑问的语气和含义。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们找谁去替代她。Whoeverdiditshouldbepunished.无论是谁干的都应当受到惩罚。(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用一般来说，在某些特定动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。常见的这类动词有“一个坚持”(insist)；“两个命令”(order,command)；“三个建议”(suggest,advise,recommend)；“四个要求”(desire,require,demand,request)；“外加一个敦促”(urge)。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持她应当单独做她的工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。(四)同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句的作用相当于名词，用来解释说明前面名词(短语)的内容，常见的名词(通常是抽象名词)有idea,thought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,proposal,truth,news,possibility等；定语从句的作用相当于形容词，充当定语用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词。Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwastrue.(同位语从句)我们足球队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。Thenews(that)weheardontheradiowastrue.(定语从句)我们在收音机里听到的那则消息是真的。三、练高频题点Ⅰ.语法填空题点全练1．I'mnotsureismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.2．Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.3．Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.4．Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisweoftendonotknowwhentheyarecoming.5．Successpartiallydependsonyouhavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectly.6．Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisabout71%ofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.7．Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellcloseyoumaybetovictory.8．Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbeliefyouarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.9．Finally,keepinmindtherearemanythingsthatcan'tbelearntimmediately,andneverbefrustratedwhenyoufailinoneortwoexams.10．MrWhiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding,andthat'sIdon'tagree.【答案】1.who2.what3.whoever4.that5.whether6.because7.how8.that9.that10.whereⅠ.完成句子并改写1．大家的确都知道的是穷人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些需要钱的人。Allthattheydidknowwasthatshewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpedthosewhowasinneedofmoney.→What_they_did_knowwasthatshewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpedwhoever_was_in_need_of_money.(用名词性从句改写)2．她今天早晨来晚了，因为她不得不照顾她生病的女儿。Shecameherelatethismorning,because_she_had_to_look_afterhersickdaughter.→The_reason_whyshecameherelatethismorningwas_that_she_had_to_look_afterhersickdaughter.(用名词性从句改写)3．我姐姐的梦想是拥有自己的商店，在里面她可以做自己最喜欢的蛋糕。Mysister'sdreamistohave_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her_favourite_cakes.→Mysister'sdreamis_that_she_has_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her_favourite_cakes.(用名词性从句改写)4．看到这个女孩，我很吃惊。Iwassurprisedtoseethegirl.→What_surprised_mewastoseethegirl.(改为主语从句)→Isawthegirl,which_surprised_me.(改为定语从句)5．众所周知，2020年奥运在东京举行。As_is_known_to_us_all/As_we_all_know,_the2020OlympicGamestookplaceinTokyo.(用定语从句翻译)→What_is_known_to_us_all_is_thatthe2020OlympicGamestookplaceinTokyo.(用主语从句改写)→It_is_known_to_us_all_thatthe2020OlympicGamestookplaceinTokyo.(用it作形式主语改写)【答案】1.Whattheydidknow，whoeverwasinneedofmoney2.becauseshehadtolookafter，Thereasonwhy，wasthatshehadtolookafter3.haveherownshopinwhichshecanmakeherfavouritecakes，isthatshehasherownshopinwhichshecanmakeherfavouritecakes.4.Whatsurprisedme，whichsurprisedme.5.Asisknowntousall/Asweallknow,，Whatisknowntousallisthat，Itisknowntousallthat随堂练习一Itwasahotsummerday1foundmerunningdownthestreetwithadollarinmysweatyhand.The2(close)IgottoSam&Joe'sStationeryStore,themoreexcitedIwas.Afterall,adollarwasatidysumforan11-year-oldboyin1961.

Outofbreath,Iswungopenthedoorandgotablastofcoldair3instantlycooledmeoff.Iwasinaplaceofpure4(happy).Iwentdirectlytothebarandorderedabottleofsoda.ThereIsat,consideringmynextmove.

Booksalwayscamefirst.Ipickedoutfivetitles.Nextcamethecandy,rowsandrowsofit.Ichosefivecandybars,5broughtmytotalto25cents.

Ihurried6(direct)tomybackyard,7anappletreepatientlywaitedforme.There,sittingintheshadeagainstitsstrongtrunk,Ireadmybooksandatemycandy.

AsIsatinmyown8(person)heaven,Istartedtothinkabouthavingmore.That's9afantasticlife-changingideapoppedintomyhead:10Icouldgetmoremoney,IcouldbuyanythingIwanted.That'showitallstarted.

【答案】1.that2.closer3.that/which4.happiness5.which6.directly7.where8.personal9.when10.If二Itwasreported1therewasanaccidentatthecornerofRomanStreetthismorning.Noonesaw2onearthhappenedthen.Acarranintoatruckbutfortunately,nobodygotinjured.3isresponsiblefortheaccidentisstillunderinvestigation.Thepoliceareuncertainabout4thedriverisguilty.5thepoliceshoulddonowis6theymustfindoutwhatledtotheaccident.Theysaiditwasdifficultforthemtojudgebecause7theaccidenthappenedwasnotclear.Perhapsthereasonwas8thedriverwastootiredtostopthecarintime.Thedriverdidn’tadmitthefact9hewasdrivingtoofastattheturning.Thepolicedoubted10whathesaidwastrueanddecidedtomakeafurtherinvestigation.

.5.

.10.

【答案】1.that2.what3.Who4.whether5.What6.that7.ho