专题39.名词、数词、形容词和副词考点运用（教师版）-2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）

名词、数词、形容词和副词考点运用目标导航目标导航考点一名词(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)Itwaslateatnight.Two1.________(German)weresleepingintheirroomwhensuddenly,oneofthem,Mrs.Green,waswokenupandfoundathiefslippingintotheirroomtotryhisluck.Shehadthreethousand2.______(dollar)inherpocket.“WhatshouldIdo?Many3.______(thief)usuallybring4.________(knife)withthem，”shethoughtin5.________(silent).Aftertwo6.________(minute)search,thethiefhappenedtotouchasportssuit.Itseemedasifhefoundtherewassomeoneintheroom,sohewentouttothenextroomwheretwo7.________(Frenchman)weresleeping.Whenhewaslookingfor8.________(money)orsome9.________(jewel)inthenextroom,Mrs.Greenwokeupherhusbandquicklyandcalledthepolice.Andthenthethiefknewwhathadhappened.Hewassoscaredthathetookoutaknife.Justthenthepoliceshowedup.Beforethethiefranaway,thepolicecaughthim.ForMrs.Green,itwasreallyanunusual10.________(experience)．【答案】1.Germans2.dollars3.thieves4.knives5.silence6.minutes'7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.experience(二)快捷技法思考趋向解题规则1.填名词的单复数若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。1.不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式。(如题10)2.有数词或these,those,several,many,all,both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。(如题1,2,3,7,9)3.名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。5.不可数名词没有复数形式。(如题8)2.填名词的所有格提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。(如题6)1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's。2.以s或es结尾的名词复数，形式为s'或es'。3.复合名词中，一般在最后一个词的词尾加's，如herbrother­in­law'scharacter。3.派生为名词作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾语)时，一般设空处填名词。(如题5)可数名词考点解析MrSmithisverybusybecauseherunsseveralcompanies①.Heworkssevendays①aweekand12months②ayear.Inhissparetimehelikeswatchingfootballmatches③.Helikeseatingtomatoes④buthedoesn’teatvegetableswithleaves⑤.Hehastwopethorses⑥andheoftenridesthemwithhisfriendsonMrBlack’sfarm⑦becausehethinksthesceneryofthefarm⑧isverybeautiful.1.可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i加-es；以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。④以-o结尾加-es的单词有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。2.名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但woman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。3.名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。⑧无生命名词，通常用of所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。二．易错点归纳1．不规则变化的名词复数(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：foot—feet脚goose—geese鹅tooth—teeth牙齿mouse—mice老鼠man—men男人woman—women女人(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheep—sheep绵羊deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法series—series系列species—species物种(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：child—children孩子ox—oxen公牛(4)由man，woman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，woman的变化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen先生Englishman—Englishmen英国男子policeman—policemen男警察chairwoman—chairwomen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人注意：German的复数形式为Germans。(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：analysis—analyses分析basis—bases基础crisis—crises危机thesis—theses论文medium—media媒介物phenomenon—phenomena现象2．复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。birthday—birthdays生日blackboard—blackboards黑板bookshelf—bookshelves书架gentleman—gentlemen绅士(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：bookworm—bookwormsson-in-law—sons-in-lawlooker-on—lookers-onpasser-by—passers-bystory-teller—story-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grown-up—grown-upsstandby—standbys3．名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：KateandMary’sroom凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate’sandMary’srooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：atthedoctor’s(office)在(医生的)诊所里atthebarber’s(shop)在理发店atMrGreen’s(house)在格林先生家随堂练习单句语法填空1．Theteamwhowonthethreeworld(championship)wouldalwaysgetthiscup.2．Duringthefestival，whichlaststhreeorfourdays，peoplearedressedintheirbestclothesandparticipateinavarietyofrichandcolourful(activity)．3．Thebestsolutionmightbetofindthe(weakness)intheideaandtotryandstrengthenthem，ratherthanusethemsimplyasanexcuseforrejectingthewholeidea.4．Timmisandhisteamsetouttoseektheeffectsofphoneuseon(passer-by)．5．WeusuallyexpectHollywood(hero)toshowuponourscreensanddefeatthebadguys.6．Hegoestothe(barber)tohavehishaircuteverymonth.7．—Wheredidyoutwohaveyour(stomach)examined?—Atthedoctor’s.Wewereexaminedbytwofamous(German)．8．Sincemoststudentsareinneedofanap，properarrangementsshouldbemadesothatstudentscanhaveagoodrestafterawhole(morning)hardwork.【答案】1.championships2.activities3.weaknesses4.passers-by5.heroes6.barber’s7.stomachs8.morning’s不可数名词考点解析Tolearnmoreknowledge①，Ihavetodolotsofhomework①everydayandhavenotime①tohavefun②ordohousework①.LastweekwehadanexambutIdidn’tperformwell.However，myteachersaidthatIhadmadegreatprogress②.Sothisexamisnotafailure③.Onthecontrary，itisasuccess③inaway.①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，progress，advice，information为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如asurprise，acomfort等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如haveagoodtime，haveagoodknowledge/commandof等。易错点解析不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的不可数名词有：fun乐趣homework作业bread面包wealth财富progress进步equipment设备room空间weather天气work工作music音乐news新闻meat肉word消息traffic交通luck运气housework家务milk牛奶advice建议man人类orange橙汁knowledge知识furniture家具baggage/luggage行李information信息单句语法填空1．Oh，John，whatpleasantsurpriseyougaveus!2．Hegaveussome(advice)onhowtostudyEnglish.3．Hefeltthatheneededmore(knowledge)aboutimportandexport.【答案】1.a2.advice3.knowledge随堂练习1．ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspringcelebration【解析】考查名词。句意为：中国新年是一个标志着冬天结束和春天开始的庆典。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。2．Historical(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)accuracy【解析】考查名词。句意为：历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语，位于形容词Historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。3．Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020·浙江)seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意为：后来，他们学会了顺应季节，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子可知，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。4．OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2019·浙江)connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意为：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。5.语法填空InChina,thehistoryofpeopleplantingandusingbamboocandatebacktoasfaras7,000years.AsearlyastheShangdynasty,bamboowasbeingusedinancient1(people)dailylives.2wasusedforfood,clothing,housing,transportation,musical3(instrument)andevenweapons.

The4(apply)ofbambooinscienceandtechnologyisthrilling.In251BC,LiBing,inSichuan,ledthelocalpeopleinbuildingtheDujiangWeirs,thefirstirrigationnetworkintheworld,inwhichbambooplayed5importantrole.Theworld’soldestwaterpipewasalsomadeofbamboo.During6Handynasty,thepeopleinSichuansuccessfullysanka100-metre-deepwellwiththickbambooropes.ThistechnologydidnotspreadtoEuropeuntilthe19thcentury,anditwasbyusingthetechnologythattheAmericansdrilled7firstoilwellinPennsylvaniain1859.

InChineseculture,bambooiswell-knownasoneofthe“four8(gentleman)”inplants.Tomanydistinguished9(man),bambooisasymbolofgoodnessandhonesty.Itisalwayscloselyrelatedtopeopleofpositivespirits.Bambooculturecontributestoencouragingpeopletoholdonwhenfacingtough10(situation).

.5.

.10.

【答案】1.people’s2.It3.instruments4.application5.an6.the7.the8.gentlemen9.men10.situations考点二数词MisterSmithis60①yearsoldandyesterdaywashis60th②birthday.Hestillremembersinthe1990s③whenhewasinhisthirties③，hedrankdozensof④bottlesofbeeraday.However，hespentthousandsof④dollarsinhospital.Later，twofifths⑤ofhissparetimewasspentintakingexercise.①数词的基本形式为基数词。②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加-th。以-y结尾的基数词变序数词，把-y变成-ie＋-th。③“inthe＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。“inone’s＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。④具体数字＋dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millionsof＋名词复数。⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s，如1/3：onethird，2/3：twothirds。易错点解析1．易错基数词thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十ninety九十2．易错序数词first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九eleventh第十一twelfth第十二一．单句语法填空1．Petergotamodelshipfromhisuncleonhis(thirteen)birthday.2．Two(three)ofthestudentsinourclasshavebeentoDisneylandsomewhere.3．Linda，therearetoomanymistakesinthe(nine)lineofyourpassage.4．Hemadequiteafewfriendsduringhis(twenty)．5．Itisreportedthattheearthquakehasleft(thousand)ofpeoplehomeless.【答案】1.thirteenth2.thirds3.ninth4.twenties5.thousands二．1．Theplumtreesarefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.the【解析】考查序数的具体使用。第一应该用序数词，用在句中其前要有定冠词the。2．Hediditone(three)thetimeittookme.third【解析】考查分数的表达。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s。此处分子为1，所以用序数词的单数形式，故填third。考点三形容词和副词(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)Londonisoneofthe1.________(large)citiesintheworld.Itspopulationis2.________(small)thanTokyoorShanghai,butitisoneofthe3.________(popular)touristdestinationsofall.Londonisprobablymostfamousforitsmuseums,galleries,palacesandothersights,butitalsoincludesa4.________(wide)rangeofpeoples,culturesandreligionsthanmanyotherplaces.Peopleusedtosaythatitwasthedirtiestcitytoo,butitisnowmuch5.________(clean)thanitwas.Tothesurpriseofmanypeople,itnowhassomeofthe6.________(good)restaurantsinEuropetoo.Forsomepeople,thismakesLondonthe7.________(exciting)cityinEurope.Unfortunately,Londonisdefinitelynotthe8.________(expensive)cityinEurope,thoughaholidayinLondonisgoodvalueformoney,consideringwhatthereistoseeanddothere.【答案】1.largest2.smaller3.mostpopular4.wider5.cleaner6.best7.mostexciting8.leastexpensive(二)快捷技法思考趋向解题规则1.填形容词或副词的比较级提示词是形容词或副词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，特别是空格后有比较级标志词than时，应考虑填形容词或副词的比较级。使用比较级的常见情况：(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(如题2,4,5)(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断用比较级。(3)当空格前有表示程度的词，如abit,alittle,much,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot等或有still,even等词修饰时，需填比较级。(4)表示“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...”结构。(5)“否定词＋比较级”可以表达最高级含义。2.填形容词或副词的最高级提示词为形容词或副词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，并且句中有比较范围，句意有最高级含义时，要填其最高级形式。使用最高级的常见情况：(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”时，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in,of,among等。(如题6,7,8)(2)当空格前有thesecond/third...,oneof...等词时，需填最高级。(如题1,3)(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及byfar,almost,nearly等。如：Iambyfarthemostactivememberinourgroup.我是我们组最活跃的成员。形容词和副词的基本用法Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在感官类或使役动词＋宾语之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively①nowandsheisquite①movedbyit.Obviously②，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.①副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。②副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。难点解析1．名词、动词变形容词2．形容词变副词形容词不同词尾变副词加(-ly)的口诀：(一般直接加)clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地(元e去e加)true→truly真实地(辅y变i加)happy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e变y)terrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently轻轻地(-ll尾只加y)full→fully完全地dull→dully迟钝地(-ic加ally)basic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科学地3．-ed形容词修饰物的用法-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，cry(叫声)，face(表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，eye(眼神)，expression(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。4．同根副词加-ly和不加-ly有些副词不加-ly与其形容词表达的含义是一样的，而加了-ly之后的副词，其词义往往发生改变，具有抽象意义，表示程度。close靠近地closely密切地，仔细地hard努力地hardly几乎不late晚，迟lately最近，不久前most最，极其mostly通常，主要地wide指距离宽widely广泛地deep指具体深度deeply深深地，非常，强烈地high指具体高度highly高度地，非常随堂练习单句语法填空1．Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheir(person)storiescheerfully.2．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand(disappoint)．3．I’llneverforgetthe(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.4．Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldand(hunger)．5．IfoundlifeintheUKquite(differ)fromthatinChina.6．Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7．(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.8．Iam(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.【解析】1.personal2.disappointed3.amazing4.hungry5.different6.officially7.Luckily8.terribly形容词和副词的比较级和最高级Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbecomingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est，以e结尾直接加-r或-est；一元一辅结尾注意双写结尾辅音，多音节词前面加more或themost。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等词修饰。③倍数表达法：•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。重难点解析1．有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common，handsome，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-ow，-er结尾的词。2．有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。good/well—better—bestbad/ill—worse—worstmany/much—more—mostlittle—less—leastold—older/elder—oldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具体空间上)far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加-er和-est。easy—easier—easiesthappy—happier—happiestearly—earlier—earliest5．“否定词语＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世间没有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。一．单句语法填空1．The(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2．Roadsafetyhasaroused(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3．Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningof20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethe(big)ofalloperasinChina.4．MrGreenisn’tasstrictateacherMrWhite.5．Ihavenevermeta(kind)teacherthanMrsSmithbefore.6．Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.7．Thisrestaurantwasn’thalfas(good)asthatonewewentto.8．Whenyoustudythelocalmap，you’llfindthistownistwicesizeofthatone.【解析】1.more2.wider3.biggest4.as5.kinder6.faster7.good8.the随堂练习Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)，moresothefamiliarnearside.than【解析】考查介词。根据空前的比较级more可知，此处是将thefarsideofthemoon和thefamiliarnearside进行比较。故填than。Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.finest【解析】考查最高级。结合句意及后文的choosethebest可知，此处应用形容词最高级。故填finest。3．Inthe18thand19thcenturies，(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants，historicalobjectsandworksofart.wealthy【解析】考查形容词。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。4．Asthesmallboatmoved(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.gently【解析】考查副词。此处修饰动词moved，应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。5．It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand(meaning)collegeexperience.meaningful【解析】考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词collegeexperience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。语法填空一A13-yearstudyofearlychildhood1(develop)madebyHarvardUniversityhasshownthat,bytheageofthree,mostchildrenhavethebigpotentialtounderstandabout1,000words—mostofthelanguagetheywilluseinordinaryconversationfortherestoftheirlives.

2(addition),theresearchhasshownthatwhileeverychildwasbornwitha3(nature)curiosity,itcandecline4(great)duringthesecondandthirdyearsoflife.Researcherssaythatthehumanpersonalityisformedduringthefirsttwoyearsoflife,andduringthefirstthreeyearschildrenlearnthe5(base)skillstheywilluseinalltheir6(late)learningbothath