科技英语翻译3a课件

科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧词义的选择英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意思。一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。根据词类选择词义Anelectronisanextremelysmallcorpusclewithnegativechargewhichroundsaboutthenucleusofanatom.电子是绕着原子核转动带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）Theearthgoesroundthesun.地球环绕太阳运行。（介词）Roundsurfacereflectorisakeyunitforthesolarenergydevice.弯曲面反射器是太阳能装置的关键元件。（形容词）Thetreemeasuresfortyinchesround.这棵树树围40英寸。（副词）Thisisthewholeroundofknowledge.这就是全部的知识范围。（名词）Plasticswasatfirstbasedoncoalandwood.最初塑料是从煤和木材中提取的。（动词）Asweallknow,abasereactswithanacidtoformasalt.众所周知，碱与酸起反应变成盐。（名词）Ironandbrassarebasemetals.铁和黄铜为非贵重金属。（形容词）Wehavenowaccumulatedaconsiderablebodyofknowledgeaboutelectronics.目前，我们在电子学方面已经积累了大量知识。（名词）Theyareindesperateneedofthiskindofbodiedoil.

他们非常需要这种聚合油。（过去分词）Imaginationbodiesforththeformsofthingsunknown.想象力能使未知事物的形象呈现出来。（动词）根据上下文选择词义Ourworktodayistoworkoutthedesign.我们今天的工作是把设计做出来。Tomovesomethingistodowork.移动物体就是作功。Welikehisworksverymuch.我们非常喜欢他的著作。Thebuildingofthesegiantironandsteelworkswillgreatlyacceleratethedevelopmentoftheironandsteelindustryofourcountry.这些大型钢铁厂的建立会大大地加速我国钢铁工业的发展。Theworksofthesewatchesandclocksareallhome-produced.这些钟表里的机件全部都是国产的。Theelectronicmicroscopepossessesveryhighresolvingpowercomparedwiththeopticalmicroscope.与光学显微镜相比，电子显微镜具有极高的分辨率。Powercanbetransmittedoveralongdistance.电力可以输送到很远的地方。Thefourthpowerofthreeiseighty-one.3的4次方是81。Thecombiningpowerofoneelementinthecompoundmustequalthecombiningpoweroftheotherelement.化合物中一种元素的化合价必须等于另一元素的化合价。Explosivetechnologicaldevelopmentafter1940gavethemedicalprofessionenormouspowertofightdiseaseandsickness.1940年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的能力。Semiconductordeviceshavenofilamentorheatersandthereforerequirenoheatingpowerorwarmeduptime.半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率和加热时间。Acarneedsalotofpowertogofast.汽车高速行驶需要很大动力。Streamsandwaterfallaresuitableforthedevelopmentofhydroelectricpower.溪流和瀑布适合用于开发水电能源。试译下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义：Aluminiumislightandstrongsothatitiswidelyusedinaircraftindustry.Likechargesrepel,whileunlikechargesattract.Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike.Amagneticfieldisbuilduproundthecoil.Smallasatomsare,electronsarestillsmaller.Key:铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。线圈周围形成了一个磁场。原子虽小，但电子却更小。试译下列各句，注意根据上下文确定划线词的词义：Whensunlightfallsontheleavesofplants,itistransformedintochemicalenergy.Thereisnophysicalcontactbetweenworkpieceandtool.Theamountofworkisequaltotheproductoftheforcebythedistance.Thethickerthewire,themorefreelyitwillcarrycurrent,andthelessitsresistance.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.Packagedsoftwareisdevelopedtoservethespecificneedsofoneuser.Noisesmaydevelopinawornengine.Shortsfrequentlydevelopwheninsulationisworn.Sureenough,80percentoftheplantsdevelopedthedisease.Otherisolationmethodsarebeingdeveloped.Indevelopingthedesign,wemustconsiderthefeasibilityofprocessing.Afterthewarmuchofthisknowledgewaspouredintothedevelopingofthecomputers.Packagedsoftwareisdevelopedtoservethespecificneedsofoneuser.软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务。Noisesmaydevelopinawornengine.磨损了的引擎里可能会产生各种噪声。Shortsfrequentlydevelopwheninsulationisworn.绝缘被磨损时往往会发生短路。Sureenough,80percentoftheplantsdevelopedthedisease.果然，80%的庄稼都染上了这种病。Otherisolationmethodsarebeingdeveloped.目前正在研究其他隔离方法。Indevelopingthedesign,wemustconsiderthefeasibilityofprocessing.在进行设计时，必须考虑加工的可能性。Afterthewarmuchofthisknowledgewaspouredintothedevelopingofthecomputers.战后，这项知识大量地应用于研制计算机。Amathematicalorlogicaloperationmustmeetacertaincondition.Interactiveprogrammingconditionsarenowavailableforsomecommercialprogramminglanguages.Theresultsofabiopsyindicateararenonmalignantcondition.Doctorslearnthathesuffersfromablooddisorderandhesitate