初三直接引语变间接引语讲解

初三直接引语变间接引语讲解第一页，共51页。Directspeech直接引语

Reportedspeech间接引语.直接引述别人的话，要加引号用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号第二页，共51页。

引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语;二.用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语.第三页，共51页。１）人称的变化口诀

说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾三不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim一随主，二随宾，三不变第四页，共51页。直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时第五页，共51页。nowthentodayThatdaytonightThatnightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThedaybeforelastnightThenightbeforetomorrowThenext/followingdaynext…Thenext/following…直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：第六页，共51页。记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this,thesethat,those时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthisweeknextweek...thenthatdaythedaybeforethenextdaythatweek...thenextweek地点状语herethere动词comego第七页，共51页。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.

第八页，共51页。Theboysaid,”I’m

readingabook.”Directspeech直接引语

Theboysaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Reportedspeech间接引语.第九页，共51页。“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He

said

to

Kate.

"How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then。

第十页，共51页。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr.

Smith

said,“Jack

is

a

good

boy.”→Mr.

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.第十一页，共51页。Practice:1)Hesaid,“My

brotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid____brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_____motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,‘‘sheisagoodstudent.’’Myteachersaid____wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“I’veleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat___hadleft___bookin___room.hishershehehermy第十二页，共51页。Hesays,“IsTomastudentorateacher？”→

HeaskswhetherTomisastudentorateacher.Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?“→

Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.Mysisteraskedme:“Whatisyourfriend?”→Mysisteraskedmewhatmyfriendwas.Jackaskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"→JackaskedmehowIlikedthefilm.Thesoliderordered,“Bequiet.”→

Thesoliderorderedustobequiet.Hesaidtoher,“Openthedoor,please.”→Heaskedhertoopenthedoor.Shesays,“IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.”→Shesays(that)shewillgotoBeijingthenextmonth.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”→Heoftentellsmethathewilltellmeaboutthem.第十三页，共51页。记住：

动词时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时cancouldmaymight第十四页，共51页。1陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）一般现在时

Hesaid,“IcandowellinEnglish.”

现在进行时Hesaid,“I'mwritingaletter.”

一般将来时

Tomsaidtome“Iwillcallyoutomorrow”一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时→Hesaidthat

he

coulddowellinEnglish.→

Hesaidthat

he

waswritingaletter.

Tomtoldmethathe

wouldcallme

thenextday.

第十五页，共51页。注：如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。Hesays,“I’mnotgoodatmath.”Hesaysthatheisnotgoodatmath.第十六页，共51页。注意：(1)如果在当天转述today,yesterday,tomorrow

等时间状语也不必改变。

(2)如果在当地转述，here

不必改为there，动词come不必改为go.

(3)当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

1.He

said,

“The

moon

moves

around

the

earth.

Hesaid

that

the

moon

moves

around

the

earth.(4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。

Myteachersaid,“Tomisagoodstudent.”

MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent.

第十七页，共51页。Icanspeakthreelanguages.Hesaidhecouldspeakthreelanguages.Whatdidhesay?第十八页，共51页。IammadatMarcia.HesaidhewasmadatMarcia.Whatdidhesay?第十九页，共51页。WearehavingapartyforLana.Whatdidtheysay?TheysaidtheywerehavingapartyforLana.第二十页，共51页。shewashard-working,Iamhard-working.

Whatdidshesay?Shesaidshewasnotlazy.Whatdidshesay?ShesaidIamnotlazy.

第二十一页，共51页。hewasgoodatplayingbasketball.Whatdidhesay?HesaidI’mgoodatplayingbasketball.第二十二页，共51页。I

amgood

at

English.Shesaidshewasgoodat

English.Whatdidshesay?Whatdidshesay?IdowellinEnglish.Shesaidshe

didwellin

English.dowellinIdowellinEnglish.第二十三页，共51页。IgotobeacheverySunday.Whatdidhesay?Hesaid

he___________________________.wenttobeacheverySunday第二十四页，共51页。Whatdidshesay?Shesaid

she_________________________.wouldcallmetomorrowIwillcallyoutomorrow.第二十五页，共51页。“Whatareyoudoing?”SheaskedmeIwasdoing.what第二十六页，共51页。“WhydoyoulikeEnglish?”HeaskedmeIlikedEnglishwhy第二十七页，共51页。“Wheredoeshelive?”Sheaskedmehelived.where第二十八页，共51页。“Howdoesshegotoschool?”SheaskedmeShewenttoschool.how第二十九页，共51页。“Doyouknowmyname?”SheaskedmeIknewhername.Whether/if是否第三十页，共51页。Whendoyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouhavemathyouhavemath.hehadTheyaskedhimwhenhehadmath.Summary(总结)1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语第三十一页，共51页。Doyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouhavemathyouhavemath.hehadTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhehadmath.2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语第三十二页，共51页。将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语:1.Lanasaid,"I'mgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria."LanasaidthatshewasgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria.第三十三页，共51页。Canyouplaythepiano?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifYoucanplaythepianoyoucanplaythepiano.hecouldTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhecouldplaythepiano.第三十四页，共51页。Shesaidtome“Whyareyouinterestedinscience?”Sheaskedme________________interestedinscience.2.Heaskedhim“whenwillyoubuytheredcoat?”Heaskedhim_________________buytheredcoat.3.Shirleyaskedme“Wherewereyouborn?”Shirleyaskedme__________________born.4.“What’swrongwithyou?”Lilyaskedme.Lilyaskedme__________________with_____.5.Thegirlaskedme“Whathappened?”Thegirlaskedme__________________.Exercises:why

Iwas

when

hewouldwhere

Iwaswhatwaswrongme

what

happened第三十五页，共51页。

1.“Whereisshefrom?”Heaskedwhereshewasfrom.

2.“Howoldarethey?”Heasked

howoldtheywere.3.“What’s

theweatherliketoday?”Heaskedwhattheweatherwaslikethatday.

4.“Howdoyougotoschool?.”Heasked

how

youwenttoschool.5.“Whoissinging?”Heasked

who

wassinging.

6.“Whendoyougetup?”HewantedtoknowwhenIgotup.第三十六页，共51页。hereoverheretonightnowtodayyesterdaytomorrowlastweek/month/year…nextweek/month/year……agothedayaftertomorrowthisthesecomebringthereovertherethatnightthenthatdaythedaybeforethenextdaytheweek/moth/year…before…thenextweek/month/year……beforetwodayslaterthatthosegotake第三十七页，共51页。1、直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：2、直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：3、直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go:4、直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：5、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语或地点状语一律不变：注意！thisthatthesethose第三十八页，共51页。2.Theteachersaid,"Mystudentsarehard-working."Theteachersaidthathis/herstudentswerehardworking.3.TomtoldJane,"Iwilllendmybicycletoyou."TomtoldJanethathewouldlendhisbicycletoher/Jane.第三十九页，共51页。5.She

said

to

him,

“It’s

time

togohome.”4.Mr.Wang

said,“I

will

leave

for

Shanghai

next

month.”Mr.

Wang

said

that

he

would

leave

for

Shanghai

the

next

month.She

told

him

that

it

was

time

togohome.

第四十页，共51页。2.直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。

1）一般疑问句。用whether或if(是否）引导。主句中的动词是said时改为asked，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语me/him/her。

Eg.He

said,

“Are

you

a

student?”

疑问语序

He

askedme

whether/if

I

was

a

student.陈述语序第四十一页，共51页。2)特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Eg.“Where

are

you

going?”

Father

asked

his

son.Eg.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboy,“Wheredoyoulive?”Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.Fatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing疑问语序陈述语序疑问语序陈述语序第四十二页，共51页。3.当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,等,而把直接引语的祈使句变成带(not)to的不定式短语。句型：tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosth如:第四十三页，共51页。1Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stoptalking.”老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。”→Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.

老师让学生们不要说话了。2.Theteachersaidtous,”Don’tplayinclass.Theteachertold/askedusnottoplayinclass.

第四十四页，共51页。1Thegirlsaid,“Iwillhaveaparty.”Thegirlsaid(that)shewouldhaveaparty.2Heaskedme,“Isyourfatheradoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whethermyfatherwasadoctor.3Thepoliceaskedtheman,“Whereareyougoing?”Thepoliceaskedthemanwherehewasgoing.第四十五页，共51页。4MothersaidtoTom,“getupearlier!”Mothertold/askedTomtogetupearlier.5Theteachersaidtous,“Don`ttalkinclass!”Theteachertold

/askedusnottotalkinclass.6Theteachersaid,“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaid(that)themoongoesaroundtheearth.第四十六页，共51页。1.“IamgoodatEnglish,”Lucysa