国际港口介绍中英课件

Portwelcomeeveryone

Whatisaport?

港口是具有水陆联运设备和条件，供船舶安全进出和停泊的运输枢纽。是水陆交通的集结点和枢纽，工农业产品和外贸进出口物资的集散地，船舶停泊、装卸货物、上下旅客、补充给养的场所。由于港口是联系内陆腹地和海洋运输(国际航空运输)的一个天然界面，因此，人们也把港口作为国际物流的一个特殊结点。Aportisalocationonacoastorshorecontainingoneormoreharborswhereshipscandockandtransferpeopleorcargotoorfromland.Portlocationsareselectedtooptimize(使···完善)

accesstolandandnavigablewater,forcommercialdemand,andforshelter（庇护所）fromwindandwaves.Portswithdeeperwaterarerarer,butcanhandlelarger,moreeconomicalships.Sinceportsthroughouthistoryhandledeverykindoftraffic,supportandstoragefacilitiesvarywidely,mayextendformiles,anddominatethelocaleconomy.Someportshaveanimportantmilitaryrole.Theclassificationofport（1）基本港(BasePort)是运价表现定班轮公司的船一般要定期挂靠的港口。大多数为位于中心的较大口岸，港口设备条件比较好，货载多而稳定。规定为基本港口就不再限制货量。运往基本港口的货物一般均为直达运输，无需中途转船。但有时也因货量太少，船方决定中途转运，由船方自行安排，承担转船费用。按基本港口运费率向货方收取运费，不得加收转船附加费或直航附加费。并应签发直达提单。（2）非基本港(Non-BasePort)凡基本港口以外的港口都称为非基本港口。非基本港口一般除按基本港口收费外，还需另外加收转船附加费。达到一定货量时则改为加收直航附加费。例如新几内亚航线的侯尼阿腊港(HONIARA)，便是所罗门群岛的基本港口；而基埃塔港(KIETA)，则是非基本港口。运往基埃塔港口的货物运费率要在侯尼阿腊运费率的基础上增加转船附加费43.00美元(USD)/FT。

Theclassificationofport按所处位置(Location)分，有河口港、海港和河港等河口港（estuaryharbour）位于河流入海口或受潮汐影响的河口段内，可兼为海船和河船服务。一般有大城市作依托，水陆交通便利，内河水道往往深入内地广阔的经济腹地，承担大量的货流量，故世界上许多大港都建在河口附近，如鹿特丹港、伦敦港、纽约港、列宁格勒港、上海港等。河口港的特点是，码头设施沿河岸布置，离海不远而又不需建防波堤，如岸线长度不够，可增设挖入式港池。

Introduction海港（harbour）位于海岸、海湾或泻湖内，也有离开海岸建在深水海面上的。位于开敞海面岸边或天然掩护不足的海湾内的港口，通常须修建相当规模的防波堤，如大连港、青岛港、连云港、基隆港、意大利的热那亚港等。供巨型油轮或矿石船靠泊的单点或多点系泊码头和岛式码头属于无掩护的外海海港，如利比亚的卜拉加港、黎巴嫩的西顿港等。泻湖被天然沙嘴完全或部分隔开，开挖运河或拓宽、浚深航道后，可在泻湖岸边建港，如广西北海港。也有完全靠天然掩护的大型海港，如东京港、香港港、澳大利亚的悉尼港等。

Introduction

河港（riverport）位于天然河流或人工运河上的港口，包括湖泊港和水库港。湖泊港和水库港水面宽阔，有时风浪较大，因此同海港有许多相似处，如往往需修建防波堤等。苏联古比雪夫、齐姆良斯克等大型水库上的港口和中国洪泽湖上的小型港口均属此类进港航道(approachchannel)进港航道要保证船舶安全方便地进出港口，必须有足够的深度和宽度、适当的位置、方向和弯道曲率半径，避免强烈的横风、横流和严重淤积，尽量降低航道的开辟和维护费用。当港口位于深水岸段，低潮或低水位时天然水深已足够船舶航行需要时，无须人工开挖航道，但要标志出船舶出入港口的最安全方便路线。如果不能满足上述条件并要求船舶随时都能进出港口，则须开挖人工航道。人工航道分单向航道和双向航道。大型船舶的航道宽度为80～300米，小型船舶的为50～60米。锚泊地（anchoringberthORanchoragearea）锚泊地指有天然掩护或人工掩护条件能抵御强风浪的水域，船舶可在此锚泊、等待靠泊码头或离开港口。如果港口缺乏深水码头泊位，也可在此进行船转船的水上装卸作业。内河驳船船队还可在此进行编、解队和换拖(轮)作业。港池（dockbasin）港池指直接和港口陆域毗连，供船舶靠离码头、临时停舶和调头的水域。港池按构造形式分，有开敞式港池、封闭式港池和挖入式港池。港池尺度应根据船舶尺度、船舶靠离码头方式、水流和风向的影响及调头水域布置等确定。开敞式港池内不设闸门或船闸，水面随水位变化而升降。封闭式港池池内设有闸门或船闸，用以控制水位，适用于潮差较大的地区。挖入式港池在岸地上开挖而成，多用于岸线长度不足，地形条件适宜的地方。

Theequipmentofaport陆上设备包括间歇作业的装卸机械设备（门座式、轮胎式、汽车式、桥式及集装箱起重机、卸车机等）、连续作业的装卸机械设备（带式输送机、斗式提升机、压缩空气和水力输送式装置及泵站等）、供电照明设备、通讯设备、给水排水设备、防火设备等。港内陆上运输机械设备包括火车、载重汽车、自行式搬运车及管道输送设备等。水上装卸运输机械设备包括起重船、拖轮、驳船及其他港口作业船、水下输送管道等。

Technicalfeature主要有港口水深、码头泊位数、码头线长度、港口陆域高程等港口水深(harbourdepth)码头泊位数(Numberofberth)码头线长度(Terminallinelength)港口陆域高程(landareaelevation)

Addition水工建筑物（hydraulicstructure）

一般包括防波堤、码头、修船和造船水工建筑物。进出港船舶的导航设施（航标、灯塔等）和港区护岸也属于港口水工建筑物的范围。防波堤（breakwater）码头（wharf）修船和造船水工建筑物（hydraulicstructureofShiprepairingandshipbuilding）航标（navigationmark）灯塔（LighthouseORbeacon）港区护岸（Portrevetment）

码头结构形式有重力式、高桩式和板桩式。主要根据使用要求、自然条件和施工条件综合考虑确定。①重力式码头。靠建筑物自重和结构范围的填料重量保持稳定，结构整体性好，坚固耐用，损坏后易于修复，有整体砌筑式和预制装配式，适用于较好的地基。②高桩码头。由基桩和上部结构组成，桩的下部打入土中，上部高出水面，上部结构有梁板式、无梁大板式、框架式和承台式等。高桩码头属透空式结构，波浪和水流可在码头平面以下通过，对波浪不发生反射，不影响泄洪，并可减少淤积，适用于软土地基。近年来广泛采用长桩、大跨结构，并逐步用大型预应力混凝土管柱或钢管柱代替断面较小的桩，而成为管柱码头。③板桩码头。由板桩墙和锚碇设施组成，并借助板桩和锚碇设施承受地面使用荷载和墙后填土产生的侧压力。板桩码头结构简单，施工速度快，除特别坚硬或过于软弱的地基外，均可采用，但结构整体性和耐久性较差。鹿特丹港（rotterdamport）Rotterdamisthesecond-largestcityintheNetherlandsandoneofthelargestportsintheworld.Startingasadam（大坝）constructedin1270ontheRotteRiver,Rotterdamhasgrownintoamajorinternationalcommercialcentre（商业中心）.Itsstrategic（战略的）locationattheRhine（莱茵河）-Meuse（墨兹河）-Scheldt（斯凯尔特河）delta（三角洲）ontheNorthSeaandattheheartofamassive（大规模）rail,road,airandinlandwaterwaydistributionsystemextendingthroughoutEuropeisthereasonthatRotterdamisoftencalledthe"GatewaytoEurope".IntheprovinceofSouthHolland,RotterdamisinthewestofNetherlandsandthesouthoftheRandstad.Thepopulationofthecitywas616,250onFebruary1,2012.ThepopulationofthegreaterRotterdamarea,called"Rotterdam-Rijnmond（地区）"orjust"Rijnmond",isapproximately1.3million.RotterdamisoneofEurope'smostvibrant,multiculturalcities;knownforitsuniversity(Erasmus),cutting-edge（尖端）architecture,livelyculturallife,strikingriversidesetting,itsmaritimeheritage（传统）andtheRotterdamBlitz（闪电）.ThelargestportinEuropeandoneofthebusiestportsintheworld,theportofRotterdamwastheworld'sbusiestportfrom1962to2004,whenitwassurpassedbyShanghai.Rotterdam'scommercialandstrategicimportanceisbasedonitslocationnearthemouthoftheNieuweMaas(NewMeuse),achannelinthedeltaformedbytheRhineandMeuseontheNorthSea.TheseriversleaddirectlyintothecentreofEurope,includingtheindustrialRuhrregion（鲁尔区）.Rotterdamiscurrentlybidding（投标）tohostthe2018SummerYouthOlympics.BeautifulrotterdamTheErasmusBridgeacrosstheMeuseFlagLocationofRotterdam南安普顿港口（Southamptonport）Theaveragetidalrange（平均潮差）isapproximately5feet,with17hoursperdayofrisingwaterthanksto（由于）theport's"doubletides".Theseallowthelargestcontainerandcruiseshipsaccesstotheportforupto（多达）80percentofthetime,accordingtothecontainerterminaloperatorDPWorldSouthampton.Acommonmisconception（常识错误）isthatthedoubletideiscausedby'onetide（潮汐）comingupeachsideoftheIsleofWight'.However,theeffectisactuallycausedasaresultoftidalflowthroughtheEnglishChannel.HightideatoneendoftheChannel(Dover)occursatthesametimeaslowtideattheotherend(Land'sEnd).Pointsnearthecentrehaveonehighwaterasthetidalswell（隆起）goesfromlefttoright,anotherasitthengoesfromrighttoleft,makingtwoforeachoneateitherend,neitherashighastheoneateachendBeautifulSouthamptonTheUnitedKingdomLocation

ThePortofKarachiisoneoftheSouthAsia'slargestandbusiestseaport,handlingabout60%ofthenation'scargo(25milliontonsperannum(每年))locatedinkarachiPakistan.ItislocatedbetweentheKarachitownsofKiamariandSaddar,closetothemainbusinessdistrictandseveralindustrialareas.Thegeographicposition（地理位置）oftheportplacesitincloseproximity（临近）tomajorshippingroutessuchastheStraitofHormuz（霍尔木兹海峡）.Theadministration（管理）oftheportiscarriedoutbytheKarachiPortTrust（卡拉奇港务局）,whichwasestablishedinthenineteenthcentury.ThePortofKarachi(卡拉奇港口)PortofMiami（迈阿密港）TheDanteB.FascellPortofMiamiisaseaportlocatedinBiscayneBay（比斯坎湾）inMiami,Florida,UnitedStates.ItisconnectedtoDowntownMiamibyPortBoulevard（大马路）,abridgeovertheIntracoastalWaterway（近岸内航道）.TheportislocatedonDodgeIsland（道奇岛）,whichisthecombinationofthreehistoricislands（历史性岛屿）(Dodge,LummusandSam'sIslands)thathavesincebeencombinedintoone.Itisnamedinhonorof（向···致敬）FloridaCongressmanDanteFascell.Asof2011,thePortofMiamiaccountsfor176,000jobsandhasanannualeconomicimpact（经济影响）inMiamiof$18billion.Itisthe11thlargestcargocontainerportintheUnitedStates.In2010,arecord4.33millionpassengerstraveledthroughthePortofMiami.Oneinsevenofalltheworld’scruisepassengersstartfromMiami

HotMiamiA

erialview（鸟瞰图）ofthePortofMiamiTheUnitedStatesTypeofharbor

Natural/ArtificialPortDirector

BillJohnsonVesselarrivals

2,489Annualcargotonnage

7.42millionPassengertraffic（客流量）

4.33millionAnnualrevenue

$94.70millionPortMetroVancouver（温哥华港）PortMetroVancouverisanon-shareholder（股票持有人）,financially（财政上）

self-sufficient（自给自足）corporation,establishedbytheGovernmentofCanadainJanuary2008,pursuantto（根据）theCanadaMarineAct,andaccountable（有责任的）tothefederalMinisterofTransport（联邦交通运输部部长）.Itistheprincipalauthority（主要权威）forshippingandport-relatedlandandseauseintheMetroVancouverregion（地区；范围）.In2010,itwasthelargestportbytonnageinCanadaandthefourthlargestinNorthAmerica.

gorgeousVancouverFounded

Amalgamation

January1,2008Formerauthorities（前政府）priortoamalgamation-PortofVancouver-NorthFraserPortAuthority-FraserRiverPortAuthorityMajormarineterminals

28,includingautomobile（汽车）(2),breakbulk（杂货）(2),bulk（散装）(19),containers(4)andcruise(2)Annualcontainervolume

2.2millionTEUAnnualcargotonnage

102millionmetricrevenuetonsCruise

traffic

898,473passengers256

sailingsPresidentandCEO

RobinSilvester

ThePortofMontreal（蒙特利尔港）ThePortofMontreal,isaportlocatedinMontreal,Quebec,（魁北克）Canada,ontheStLawrenceriver.Itisoneofthelargestinlandportsintheworld,itisthesecondbusiestportinCanada,anditisoneofthebusiestportsinNorthAmerica.ItisalsotheentrypointtoothermajorcitiessuchasToronto,DetroitandCleveland.Ithandles26,000,000tonnes(28,660,094shorttons;25,589,370longtons)ofcargoannually.Itremainsatrans-shipmentpointforgrain,sugar,petroleumproducts,machinery,andconsumergoods（生活消费品）.Forthisreason,MontrealisalsotherailwayhubofCanada.In1964,theCanadianCoastGuardbegantouseicebreakers（破冰船）tokeepthenavigationchannelopen,firstandforemost（首要的）asanenvironmentalmeasuredesignedtoprotectriversidecommunitiesfromspringfloodscausedbyicejams（冰塞）,butalsoallowingwinternavigationintheport.Theportispreparingtobuildandoperateanew$500-million(U.S.)containerfacility,andhasopenedanofficeinChicagotopromoteitsadvantagesinservingtheU.S.Midwest

HelloMontreal！Majormarineterminals

4Vesselarrivals

2,039(FY2010)Annualcontainervolume

1,331,351twenty-footequivalentunits(TEU)

Annualcargotonnage

25,919,667t(28,571,542shorttons;25,510,305longtons)revenuetonsCruisetraffic

40,142passengersPresidentandCEO

SylvieVachon

Limassol（利马索尔）LimassolorLemesosisthesecond-largestcityinCyprus,withapopulationof235,056(2011).Itisthelargestcityingeographicalsize（地理大小）,andthebiggestmunicipalityontheisland.ThecityislocatedonAkrotiriBay,ontheisland'ssoutherncoastanditisthecapitalofLimassolDistrict.LimassolisthebiggestCypriotportintheMediterraneantransittrade（过境贸易）.Ithasalsobecomeoneofthemostimportanttourism,tradeandservice-providingcentresinthearea.Limassolisrenownedforitslongculturaltradition,andishometotheCyprusUniversityofTechnology.Awidespectrum（范围）ofactivitiesandanumberofmuseumsandarchaeologicalsites（考古遗址）areavailabletotheinterestedvisitor.Consequently（因此）,Limassolattractsawiderangeoftouristsmostlyduringanextendedsummerseasontobe

accommodatedinawiderangeofhotelsandapartments.Alargemarina（码头）iscurrentlybeingconstructedneartheoldtown.Limassolwasbuiltbetweentwoancientcities,AmathusandKourion,soduringByzantinerule（拜占庭规则）itwasknownasNeapolis(newtown).Limassol'stouriststrip（旅游带）nowrunseastalongthecoastasfarasAmathus（可见）.TothewestofthecityistheAkrotiriSovereignBaseArea,partoftheBritishOverseasTerritoryofAkrotiriandDhekelia.

star-studdedLimassolViewoftheport

Location

FlagoftheareaPopulation235,056ThePortofBarcelona（巴塞罗那港）ThePortofBarcelonahasa2000-yearhistoryandgreatcontemporary（当代）commercialimportance.ItisCatalonia（加泰罗尼亚）'slargestport,vyingwith（和···竞争）Tarragona(塔纳戈拉),andEurope'sninthlargestcontainerport,withatradevolumeof2.57millionTEU'sin2008.ItisalsooneofthemostimportantportsintheMediterranean.TheportismanagedbythePortAuthorityofBarcelona.Its7.86km2aredividedintothreezones:PortVell(theOldPort),thecommercial/industrialportandthelogistics（后勤）port(BarcelonaFreePort).Theportisundergoing（经历）anenlargement（扩大）thatwilldoubleitssizebydiverting（使转移）themouthoftheLlobregatriver2kmtothesouth,andslightlypushingbacktheLlobregatDeltaNatureReserve（自然保护区）.

passionateBarcelonaViewofthePortofBarcelonaLandarea

10.653squarekilometres

Vesselarrivals 8,182vessels

Annualcargotonnage

41,968,000tonnesAnnualcontainervolume

1,945,733TEU'sPassengertraffic

1,096,515-totalflagVishakhapatnam（维沙卡帕特）VisakhapatnamisaportcityonthesoutheastcoastofIndia.Withapopulationof1,730,520,itisthesecond-largestcityinthestateofAndhraPradesh(afterHyderabad（海德拉巴）)andthethird-largestcityontheeastcoast(afterChennai（金奈）andKolkata（加尔各答）).Visakhapatnamislocated625kilometreseastofthestatecapital,Hyderabad.Thecityishometoseveralstate-ownedheavyindustriesandasteelplant（钢铁厂）;itisoneofIndia'slargestseaportsandhasthecountry'soldestshipyard.VisakhapatnamhastheonlynaturalharbourontheeastcoastofIndia.Thecitywasnamedafter（以···命名）Visakha,theHindugodofvalor（印度勇猛之神）.Itisnestledamong（坐落在）thehillsoftheEasternGhats（东高止山脉）andfacestheBayofBengalontheeast.VisakhapatnamistheadministrativeheadquartersofVisakhapatnamdistrictandheadquartersoftheEasternNavalCommandoftheIndianNavy.VisakhapatnamhasanicknameTheCityofDestiny[2]and,morerecently,theGoaoftheEastCoast.Likeitswest-coastcounterpartitoffersattractivebeaches,lateritehillocksandapleasinglandscape.Itisalsoafocusofurbanandtouristdevelopment.

silentVishakhapatnamAerialviewofVisakhapatnamNickname:TheCityofDestinyAreaTotal544km2Elevation（海拔）

5mPopulation

Total 1,730,320Density 3,240/km2

TheflagofIndiaPortofPiraeus（比雷埃夫斯港）PiraeusisaportcityintheregionofAttica（阿提卡）,Greece.PiraeusislocatedwithintheAthensUrbanArea（城市地区）,12kmsouthwestfromitscitycenter(municipality（市区）ofAthens),andliesalongtheeastcoastoftheSaronicGulf（塞隆尼克湾）.Accordingtothe2001census（人口普查）,Piraeushadapopulationof175,697peoplewithinitsadministrativelimits（行政限制）,makingitthethirdlargestmunicipalityinGreeceandthesecondlargestwithintheurbanareaoftheGreekcapital（希腊首都）,followingthemunicipalityofAthens.ThemunicipalityofPiraeusandseveralothersuburbanmunicipalities（郊区）withintheregionalunitofPiraeusformthewiderPiraeusUrbanAreaorGreaterPiraeus,withatotalpopulationof466,065.PortofPiraeus（比雷埃夫斯港）Piraeushasalongrecordedhistory,datingtoancientGreece.Thecitywaslargelydevelopedintheearly5thcenturyBC（公元前）,whenitwasselectedtoserveastheportcityofclassicalAthensandwastransformedintoaprototypeharbour（原型港口）,concentratingalltheimport（进口）

andtransittrade（过境贸易）ofAthens.Consequently（因此）,itbecamethechiefharbourofancientGreece,butdeclined（衰退）graduallyafterthe4thcenturyAD,growingoncemoreinthe19thcentury,especiallyafterAthens'declaration（宣言）asthecapitalofGreece.Inthemodernera,Piraeusisalargecity,bustling（繁华的）withactivityandanintegralpart（主要部分）

ofAthens,actingashometothecountry'sbiggestharbourandbearingallthecharacteristicsofahugemarineandcommercial-industrialcentre.TheportofPiraeusisthechiefportinGreece,thelargestpassengerportinEurope

andthethirdlargestintheworld,servicingabout20millionpassengersannually.Withathroughputof1.4millionTEUs,PiraeusisplacedamongthefirsttenportsincontainertrafficinEuropeandthetopcontainerportintheEasternMediterranean.Thecityhostedevents（活动；事项）inboththe1896and2004SummerOlympicsheldinAthens.

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PiraeusViewofMikrolimano,PiraeusPopulation:

466,065-Area: 50.417km2-Density:9,244/km2

PortofDover（多佛港）ThePortofDoveristhecross-channelport（跨海峡港口）situated（位于）inDover,Kent（肯特）,south-eastEngland.ItisthenearestEnglishporttoFrance,atjust34kilometresaway,andoneofEurope'slargestpassengerports,with16milliontravellers,2.1millionlorries（卡车）,2.8millioncarsandmotorcyclesand86,000coaches（车厢）passingthroughiteachyear,withanannualturnover（年营业额）of£58.5millionayear.TheporthasbeenownedandoperatedbytheDoverHarbourBoard,astatutory（法定的）corporation,sinceitwasformedbyRoyalCharter（皇家宪章）in1606byJames.MostoftheboardmembersareappointeesoftheDepartmentofTransport（交通部）.Theporthasitsownprivatepoliceforce（私人警察部队）,thePortofDoverPolice.Theportclaims（主张）tobetheworld'sbusiestpassengerport.

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16,000,000PortofHamburg（汉堡港）ThePortofHamburgisaportinHamburg,Germany,ontheriverElbe（易北河）.Theharbourislocated110kilometresfromthemouthoftheElbeintotheNorthSea.ItisnamedGermany's"GatewaytotheWorld"andisthelargestportinGermany.IntermsofTEUthroughout,theportofHamburgisthethird-busiestportinEurope(aftertheportsofRotterdamandAntwerp（安特卫普港；位于比利时）)and15th-largestworldwide.In2010,7.895millioncontainerswerehandledinHamburg.Theharbourcoversanareaof73.99km²(64.80km²usable),ofwhich43.31km²(34.12km²)arelandareas.Thelocationisnaturallyadvantagedbyabranching（分支）Elbe,creatinganidealplace（理想场所）foraportcomplexwithwarehousing（仓储）andtransshipment（转运）facilities.Theextensive（广泛的）freeportalsoenablestoll-freeshipping（免费航运）.

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