研究生英语综合教程上unit3课件

高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE2Unit3

LeisureActivity

Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProjectTobeabletofillleisureintelligentlyisthelastproductofcivilization.—ArnoldToynbeeBritisheconomichistorianandsocialreformerInterpretation:Thequotationimpliesthathowtospendleisuretimeinasmartwayareamirrorofhowcivilizedasocietyis.Startingout—Task12.Leisureisthetimefordoingsomethinguseful.Thisleisurethediligentpersonwillobtain;thelazyonenever.—BenjaminFranklinAmericanscientist,publisheranddiplomatInterpretation:Whetheronecanbenefitfromleisuretimeornotdependslargelyonyourattitude.Ifyouarehardworking,thenyoumaytakefulladvantageofyourtimetopromoteself-development;butifyouarelazy,chancesarethatyouwon’tspendyourleisuretimegettingdowntosomethinguseful.Startingout—Task13.Therealdividinglinebetweenthingswecallworkandthethingswecallleisureisthatinleisure,howeveractivewemaybe,wemakeourownchoicesandourowndecisions.Wefeelforthetimebeingthatourlifeisourown.—WilliamRaymond

BritishnovelistandcriticInterpretation:Thesubstantialdifferencebetweenworkandleisureconsistsintheextentofautonomy.Itappearsthatduringleisuretimeoneisentitledtochoosehisownwayenjoyhistimetothefullestwhereasintheworkplaceoneisrequiredtocomplywithrulesandregulations.Startingout—Task15.Thosewhodecidetouseleisureasameansofmentaldevelopment,wholovegoodmusic,goodbooks,goodpictures,goodcompany,goodconversation,arethehappiestpeopleintheworld.Andtheyarenotonlyhappyinthemselves,theyarethecauseofhappinessinothers.—WilliamLyonPhelpsAmericaneducatorInterpretation:Ifyouwanttopursuehappiness,thenyoushouldspendyourleisuretimeinapositiveway,whichishelpfultoenhancingyourmentaldevelopment.Ifyouarehappy,itislikelythatyouwillbringhappinesstoothers.

Startingout—Task1Task2Matchtheclassiclinewithitscorresponding

movie.(P64)Key:2)3)4)5)6)ECAFBDStartingout—Task2Task2Iswatchingmoviesyourfavoriteleisureactivity?Whichgenreofmoviesdoyoulikebest?(P64)Usefulwordsandexpressions:documentary;literaryfilm;anime;musical;comedy;draculamovie/horrormovie/thriller;swordsmenfilm;actionfilm;detectivefilm/whodunit;ethicalfilm;featurefilm;mystery&suspense;sci-fi&fantasy;romance;newsreel;travelogue,etc

Startingout—Task2BriefEncounter(1945):

Nothinggetsmore_____________thanthat.No,thisisnocategoryscript,DavidLynn’sdirection.ItisamasterpieceofholdingbackandIthinksinceitwasmade____________,itwasallabout____________andkeepingthingstogetherandit’sjustbrimmingwiththe____________andtheunacted-upon.__________loveisthebestkind.glamorousduring

WWIIsacrificeunexpressedTorturedStartingoutTheLadyEve

(1941):HarryFondalearnsthatBarbaraStanwickisbasicallyaskunk(讨厌鬼)andbutshe______________________sheissomebodyelseandhefallsinlovewithheragain.Andhelearnsthat,youknow,theyare_________________________,buttheyareneverasbadasyouthinkeither.Theywere_______________.

tricks

him

into

thinkingnever

as

great

as

you

thinkall

just

humanStartingoutTrulyMadlyDeeply:BecausesheloveshimsomuchthatAlanRickmancomesbacktoJulietStevenson.She’sjustoneofthegreat_____________ofalltime.OneofthethingsIloveaboutthisisinpairingthesetwotogetheristhatinfactAlanRickmanand_______________sitaroundwatchingBriefEncounterontelevision—perfectlittleconnection.It’sjustwonderfulandinfactshedoeslearnto____________and____________________inherlifewhoisliving.

crying

sceneshisghostfriendsmoveonfindanewlovelymanStartingoutEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMind(2004):Itisreallyanemotionally_________film.Theyhaveasurgerytohaveeachother_______________________.Theyloatheeachother,but,no,theycometoloatheeachother,JimKerryandKateWinsletloatheeachotherandyetevenafterasurgerytopurge(purge:remove;getridof)the_________,theycannotgetthemselves________________.Sohereismydesignfor

living,forin-and-outoflove

withthesamepersonall

yourlife.

violentremovedfromeachothermemoriesoutoftheirheadsStartingoutWhyHarry’sHotReadingFocus

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation1ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding1Introduction2Author’sComment3Conclusion(Paras.1-4)(Paras.5-9)(Para.10)IntroductionA.TheHarryPotterbooksappealtoanenormousnumberofpeople.Thefirstthreebookshaveearnedaconservatively

estimated$480millionin3years.

HarryPotter

andtheGobletofFirepromisestobreakall

previousbooksellingrecords.InBritainandNorthAmerica,thousandsofchildren

rushedtoclaimtheircopieswhenHarryPotterandthe

GobletofFirewasonsale.B.Someparentsandconservativereligiousleadersdisapproveofthe

HarryPotterbooksbecausetheythinkthatthesebooks

_____________________________________________.Readingofthebookshasbeenchallengedin25school

districtsandthebookshavebeenbannedinschoolsin

KansasandColorado.TheHarryPotterbooksbyJ.K.Rowlinghaveachievedhugesuccessinspiteofchallenges.advocatewitchcraftExample1:Example

2:Example3:Example:ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingAuthor’scommentA.TheHarryPotterbooks

havemuch

merits:

Theyarebeautifullycraftedworksofentertainment,

theliterarycounterpartofStevenSpielberg.Theyamounttomuchmorethanjustthesumofparts

ofchildren’sclassic,andtheycanbereadby

childrenandadultswithequalpleasure.

Thelanguageofthebooksmaybeunadorned,butth

waywithnamingpeopleandthingsisquirkyand

original.

Adultsalsofindthebooksappealingbecauseofthe

deepintellectualisminthem.B.AdisadvantageoftheHarryPotterbooksisanabsenceof

___________________inthefirstfourbooks.

Example1:Example

2:Example3:aninterestingvillainReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingExample4:Task2Workingroupstodecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassage.(P73)

Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10FFTTFTFFFFReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationCriticalThinkingReadingFocusWithafirstprintingof5.3millioncopiesandadvanceorderstopping1.8million,HarryPotterandtheGobletofFire,thefourthinstallmentoftheseries,promisestobreakeverybooksellingrecord.(Para.1)installment:1)oneofthepartsofastorythatappearsasaseriesof

parts,especiallyinamagazine,newspaper,etc.e.g.

thefirstinstallmentofasciencefictiontrilogy2)Oneofanumberofsuccessivepaymentsinsettlement

ofadebt.e.g.

*_____________________________(用分期付

款的方式购物)hasbecomeepidemicinrecentyears.

*They’relettingmepayforthewashingmachine

_________________(按月付款地方式).BuyinggoodsontheinstallmentplanbymonthlyinstallmentsReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

2.Amazingly,Rowlingkeepsherseveralplotlinesclearofeachotheruntiltheend,whenshedeftlybringseverythingtogetherinacataclysmicconclusion.(Para.2)

deftly:adv.deft:adj.movingquicklyandwithskill机敏的，灵巧的

cataclysmic:sudden,shocking,andviolent突然的；骇人的；剧烈的e.g.

Acataclysmiceventhadshakenherparents'marriage.

一场剧变动摇了她父母的婚姻。

翻译：让人称奇的是，罗琳让每一册书的情节相互独立，但最后，她却能够巧妙地把它们衔接起来，形成一个意想不到的结局。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

3.TheonlysournotesinallthesongsofjoyoverthisphenomenonhavecomefromparentsandconservativereligiousleaderswhosayRowlingadvocateswitchcraft.(Para.4)

“notes”figurativelymeansaparticularqualityinsomeone’svoicethatshowshowtheyarefeeling.e.g.1)Therewasanoteofdoubtinhervoice.2)Itwasnotdifficultforhimtocatchthenoteof

bitternessinmyvoice.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

4.ButperhapsthemostcuriousthingaboutthePotterphenomenon,especiallygiventhatitisallaboutbooks,isthatalmostnoonehastakenthetimetosayhowgood—orbad—thesebooksare.(Para.5)

“given”means“considering”.e.g.1)_______________________(考虑到这样的情况),

you'vedonereallywell.2)Usually,Iamsensiblewithmoney,asIhaveto

be,__________________________(考虑到我没有

赚那么多钱).

GiventhecircumstancesgiventhatIearnthatmuchReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

5.There’snotellingwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext.(Para.5)

Paraphrase:Itishardtotellwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext.e.g.很难说今晚谁会出现。

There'snotellingwhoisgoingtoshowup

tonight.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

6.Herprosemaybeunadorned,butherwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsrevealsaquirkyandoriginaltalent.(Para.7)

unadorned;adorn;adornmente.g.1)Hishouseislavishly____________.2)Japanesefoodisonthewholesuperb,one

ofthe______________oftheculture.3)Theroomistypicallysimpleand

_____________,withwhitewallsandatiled

floor.

adornedadornmentsunadornedReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

7.Thebestwritersrememberwhatitisliketobeachildwithastonishingintensity.(Para.8)

“withastonishingintensity”means“strongly”.Thissentencemeansthatthebestwritersarekeenlyawareofwhatistypicalofachild.e.g.WhenLouisisaloneheseeswithastonishingintensity,andwillwritesomewordsthatmayoutlastusall.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

8.Timeandagain,Rowlingarticulatesjusthowdefenselesseventhebravestchildrenoftenfeel.(Para.8)

articulate(v.):1)expressyourideasorfeelingsinwordse.g.Manypeopleareunabletoarticulatethe

unhappinesstheyfeel.2)berelatedandexiste.g.Thenewcourseisdesignedtoarticulate

withthecurrentdegreecourse.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

articulate(adj.):1)(ofaperson)goodatexpressingideasor

feelingsclearlyinwordse.g.1)

Sheisahighlyarticulatewoman.2)Itgivesanarticulatedescriptionofthe

drug’seffect.

2)(ofspeech)clearlyexpressedorpronouncede.g.Allwecouldhearwereloudsobs,butno

articulatewords.

Ant.:inarticulate

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

9.ButIdon’tthinkthebookswouldhavetheirbroadappealiftheywereonlyexcitingtalesofmagicaladventure,andIknowadultswouldnotfindthemsoenticing.(Para.8)

Thissentenceisputinthesubjuntivemood.“havetheirbroadappeal”means“吸引这么广泛的群体”.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

appeal(n.):1)aqualitythatmakespeoplelikesomethingorsomeonee.g.1)

这个岛屿有什么特别的吸引之处？

Whatistheparticularappealofthisisland?2)Thefilmhasgreatappealforyoungaudiences.2)anurgentrequestforsomethingimportante.g.1)

Alltheorganizationsinvolvedhavesenturgentappealstothegovernment,askingforextrafunding.

2)Thegirl'sfamilyhavemadeapublicappealforhelptotryandcatchherkiller.

3)aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechanged

e.g.Hehaslodgedanappealagainstthesizeofthefine.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

appeal(v.):1)beattractivee.g.Theideaofworkingabroadreallyappealstome.2)makeanurgentrequestforsomethingimportante.g.Thepolicehaveappealedtoanyonewith

informationtocomeforwardandtalktothem.

3)aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechanged

e.g.Appealingtotherefereedoesnotoftenresultina

decisionbeingchanged.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-Task1Choosethesentenceinwhichtheunderlinedwordhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentencequotedfromthepassage.

(P.75)ABABBBCAReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Task21)Howdoesourproduct________________thoseofourcompetitors?2)Mr.

Jenkins’argumentsforstability_________________withEurope’stwomostpowerfulpoliticians.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatephrasefromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.

(P76)stackupagainststruckachordstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amountto keepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

3)Thecourtdecidedthatthecompany’sactions________________unfairdismissal.4)Youcouldimprovethetreeby_________________someoftheupperbranches.5)Itincludestipsonhowtowriteforkidsandwhycertainstories__________________differentages.6)Hehaslearnedto_________________hissuperior’smoodsandactaccordingly.amountedtochoppingoffstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

appealtopickuponReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

7)Asit_______________,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.8)Sympathyfortherebels,thegovernmentclaims,isbeginningto_________________.9)We___________________researchersfromthreedifferentuniversitiestoworkontheproject.turnedoutfadedawaystackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickuponbroughttogetherReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

10)Thisisthemostdelicatedealthatwe’veever________________:wehavereasontobeproudofourselves.11)I’vehadthreeoftheneighbors’children____________mefortheafternoon.12)Allexitsmust_________________baggage.pulledoffthrustonstackupagainst pulloff chopoffthrust…upon…fadeaway turnoutappealto amounttokeepclearofstrikeachord bringtogether pickupon

bekeptclearofReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Task3ReadtheexcerptfromtheHarryPotterbooks,thenfillinthetenblanks.(P77)Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-swirlingdeliveredglowedintervalsconvergewanderingsnavigatejealousypresenceabsorbedReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

PracticalTranslation

状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等。状语从句的翻译:1.语序处理1)很多情况下，翻译状语从句时，语序仍可以遵循原文的

语序;2)有时候，翻译状语从句时，可将其位置前移;

2.转换译法在有些情况下，按照上下文的需要，在翻译某种状语从句时要将它译成其他类型的状语从句，使译文更符合汉语习惯。状语从句的翻译1.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,dishonestpeoplearegivenachancetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof"art".

当审查放宽时，招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘，在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来。

2.Thepoliciesopentodevelopingcountriesaremorelimitedthanforindustrializednationsbecausethepropereconomiesrespondlesstochangingconditionsandadministrativecontrol.

由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些，政府对这种经济的控制作用也小一些，所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性。在翻译时间状语从句时，遵循了原文的语序。翻译时，将原因状语从句位置前移，符合汉语习惯。3.Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.

例如,他们(测试)并不对社会总的不平等作出补偿，因此，测试不能告诉我们，一个社会地位低下的年轻人如果生活在较为优越的条件下，会有多大的才能。4.Electricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheradio.

电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要，而且现在人们认为电是想当然的事，所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时，就很少再去想一想电是怎么来的。Thus是表示结果的副词，翻译时语序不变。这里，将结果状语从句“such…that/so…that”转移成原因状语从句，使语意更加清楚。5.Theysethimfreewhenhisransomhadnotyetbeenpaid.虽然他还没有交赎金，但他们还是把他释放了。6.WhileIgranthishonesty,Isuspecthismemory.虽然我对他的诚实没有疑义，我对他的记忆力却感到怀疑。7.Nomatterwhatmisfortunebefellhim,healwayssquaredhisshouldersandsaid:“Nevermind,I’llworkharder.”不管他遭受什么不幸事儿，他总是把胸一挺，说“没关系，我

再加把劲儿。”这里，将when引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句，语意更明确。这里，将while引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句，更符合汉语习惯。Nomatter引导的让步状语从句较符合汉语结构，翻译时语序和语义也无需替换。8.Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.尽管几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

这里，将while引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句，更符合汉语习惯。TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.Payparticularattentiontotheadverbialclauses.ParagraphOne

Whatevertheexplanation,theideaofawork-lifebalanceisastapleofEuropeandiscourse,studiedinthinktanks,mulledoverbypolicymakers.IntheUS,theterm,whenit’susedatall,issaidwiththesortofsneerreservedforthosewhoeatquiche.Butitmightstillcatchon.WhenBillKellerwasnamedexecutiveeditoroftheNewYorkTimeslastweek,heencouragedthestafftodo“alittlemoresavoring”oflife,spendingtimewiththeirfamiliesorviewingart.TranslationforReference:不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔・凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。ParagraphTwoP.L.Travers,theauthoroftheMaryPoppinsbooks,putitbestwhenshewrote,“Youdonotchopoffasectionofyourimaginativesubstanceandmakeabookspecificallyforchildren,for—ifyouarehonest—youhave,infact,noideawherechildhoodendsandmaturitybegins.Itisallendlessandallone.”ThereisplentyforchildrenandadultstoenjoyinRowling’sbooks,startingwiththeirlanguage.Herprosemaybeunadorned,butherwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsrevealsaquirkyandoriginaltalent.TranslationforReference:《欢乐满人间》的作者帕梅拉·林登·特拉弗斯概括得精辟之极。她写到，“你不能把你想象的东西砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什么时候结束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它们互相连接、浑然一体。”在罗琳的书中，从语言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东西。也许她的文风朴实，但是她给人和物命名的方式显示了独特的原创才能。DescriptiveEssays(2)FocusedWritingDescribingprocessesandmechanismsInscientifictexts:

Stepsorproceduresinaprocessarebestdescribedobjectively,usingthepassivevoice.

Indescribingprocesses:Besuretofollowatimesequence.

Connectives:‘first,‘second’,‘then’,‘next’and‘finally’.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill2.DescribinggraphsA.Wordsorphrasesdescribingatrend.

VerbalPhrases/VerbsNounsrise/increase/ascend/goup/climb/grow/expand;surge/soar/shootup/rocket/skyrocket/jump;beontherise;beontheincreasea(n)rise/increase/growth/boom/surge/expansion/hikeupswing/growthFocusedWriting—WritingSkillA.Wordsorphrasesdescribingatrend.

VerbalPhrases/VerbsNounsfall/decrease/decline/drop/godown/descend;slump/dip/sink/plunge/plummet;beonthedecline;beonthewane;takeadowntrend,etc.

a(n)decrease/fall/decline/drop/slide/slump/reduction/downswing,etc.

FocusedW