Tess-论文(英美文学)(24号)

AnalysisofTessoftheD’Urbervilles学院：外语学院姓名：葛一明班级：B1203学号：13Outline:I:introductionofthenovelII:ThefactorsofcausingthetragedyofTessA.PoorfamilyenvironmentB.SocialenvironmentandsocialmoralstandardsC.Tess’characterIII.FatalismandpessimismofThomasHardyalmosteverything,shestillcouldbeherself.ButGoddidnotstopplayingjokeswithsuchgoodagirl.Inordertoavoidthiskindofenvironment,afteralong-timereleaseofspirit,Tesswentameadowworkingasamilkmaid.Thenshefellinlovewiththesonofagentleman,AngelClare.Howeversheshowedherinnocenceagain.ShebelievedAngelwouldforgiveherpast.SosheconfessedallherpasttoAngelattheweddingnight.Buttheresultwastotallyoppositetowhatshethoughtbefore.Angelcouldn’tforgiveherandabandonedTesseventhoughhealsomadethesamemistake.WhatleftTesswasjusttheendlesswaiting.FinallyTessdecidedtogaveuponAngel.Underthecircumstances,Alecappearedagainandwantedtoseducehertogobacktohimbymaterialstemptation.Tessbecamenumb.Forgivingacomfortablelifetoherfamily,thistime,shedidnotreject.Tohersurprise,AngelcamebackandwantedtoforgiveTesslater.ForthesakeofgettingridoftheentanglementofAlecandgoingwithAngel,TesskilledAlec.Withoutexpression，Tessbecameamurderandwassentencedtodeath.II.ThefactorsofcausingthetragedyofTessAfterfinishingit,Icouldn’thelpcrying.Iwantedaskwhy,whysogoodagirlwouldgotsuchabadending.Whatcausedthat?Familyenvironment,cruelsocietyorTessherself?Ithoughtmaybealltheydid.ButIthinkherfamilyfactorisjusttheblastingfuse.A.PoorfamilyenvironmentTesswasthedaughterofaverypoorvillager.Herparentwasverybenighted.Ononehand,herfamilywasverypoor.Herfatherwasalazyvendorandhermotherwasavulgarwashworker.Shehadyoungbrothersandsisterswhoneededcare.“Everydayseemedtothrowuponheryoungshouldersmoreoffamilyburdens”.Soshehasnochoicebuttotryherbesttomakemoneytosupportherfamily.Ontheotherhand,herparentswantedtoliveabetterlifeandshowedofftheso-called“aristocrat”status.EspeciallyWhenherfatherfoundhewasthedescendantofanancientaristocraticfamily,D‘Urberviles,hewasimmenselyproudofhimselfalthoughtherewasnothingvaluableleftinhishand.TheywereeagertosendTesstothed’Urbervillesfamilytoworkandmarrythewealthygentleman.Tosomeextent,itwasTess’parentswhomadethechanceforAlec.Inotherwords,Tesswasatoolusedtogetmoneyandreputationforherparents.Tesswouldnotenterd’Urbervillesfamilyifherfamilywasbetteroff;TesswouldnotbeinsultedbyAlecIfherfamilydidnotgiveheranypressure.What’sworse,herfamilynevertaughtheranythingthatagirlneededtoknow.Tesssays,“Whydidn’tyoutellmetherewasdangerinmen-fold?Whydidn’tyouwarnme?Ineverhadthechanceoflearninginthatway,andyoudidnothelpme”.Thisprovedhowhermothertreatedher.Therefore,“itwasthishomelessdespairofafamilywhichhadlostitsrightsandindependenceinthevillagecommunitythatgaveTessfinallyintotheinvader’spower”.B.socialenvironmentandsocialmoralstandardsIfwesaythefamilyfactoristheblastingfuse,thenIthinksocialenvironmentandsocialmoralstandardsaretheveryrootoftragedy.Tesswasapoorpeasantgirlwhowantedtorelyonherhandstopursuitindividualhappinessright,butthepowerforcesofsocietycouldn’tlettingoffaweakgirl.Shelivedinthelate19thcenturyof“Britain'sVictorianera”,inwhichthecruelcapitalistexploitationhadruinedtheEnglishcountrysideseverelyandWessexwasnotimmunefromthedestruction.Inthistime,Capitalistclasscontrolledallright,andthelawwereservicedforthem.Farmerswereatthebottleofthesociety,theyhadneverequalrightasthecapitalistclass.TessasawomanintheVictorianera，shecouldnotavoidthe“Hegemony”fatherrightconsciousnessto“woman”natureunderstandingandseveresocialetiquette.Andthepatriarchalsocialsystemmadewomenlosttheirindependentstatus.BytheCapitalistinvasion，thoseSelf-reliantfarmerswhohadasmallamountoflandandthemeansofproductionhadfollowedtheinsolvency.Femalebeautynotonlyregardedasthe"Troubles"butalsobecameanexcuseformentoshirktheircrime；Themalerequestedfemininetobeloyalandthebodilypureandchaste,actuallydisregardedownindulging.Butinundermalepowersuppression,femininethoughtpatternalsowascontrolledsolidlybythiskindofstrongtrendwasevenmelting.ThefamilyofTesswasnoexception.Thedeathofthehorsedestroyedthefamily'slivelihoodandfinishedthefamily?Tessthoughtthatshehaddraggedherparentsintothisquagmire.SosheworkedthereasanemployeeofAlec.Later,shewasseducedbyhim.Severalyearslater,shewenttolookforajobagain,buttherewasalmostnothingtobefound.SoshehadtogoontoFlint-com-Ashandtheworkwassohardthatfewcaretodo.Aleccomestoheragainwhenshewasabsolutelyexhaustedphysicallyandmentally.Whatmademattersworse,afterherfatherdeath,thefamilywasevictedandhasnoplacetolivein.Tosupportthefamily,TesshadtoacceptAlecforthesecondtime.ItwasatthecostofTess?ThepoorlifepushedTessintothetrapofthewickedman,andthecapitalistexploitationbroughtabouttheirpoorlife.Alec,maybeeveryonewhoreadthenovelwouldhatehim,ayellowdog.HedestroyedTess’chastityandreputation,whichwerethemostimportantthingsforagirl.HeabsolutelyrobbedTessoftherighttothehappiness.ActuallywecouldsaythatAlecwasthenewly-bornrepresentativeofcapitalism,ofsocialenvironment,whowasbold,realisticandfullofthoughts.ButwasAlecthemosthatefulman?Ithoughttheanswerwasnot.ButAngelwas.ButwasAlecthemosthatefulman?Ithoughttheanswerwasnot.ButAngelwas.AfterheknewTess’past,hedidnothavecouragetofacetherealityandescaped.Inmyview,Angelwasacoward,apurecoward.HeoncemadeapromisetoTess,whilewherewashenow?Hebelievedstronglythatawomanoncetainted,shouldbelookeddownuponandpunished.AccordingtotheVictoriancustom,amancouldliveadissipatinglifeashehadoncedonewhileawomancouldnot.ThedoublestandardformanandwomanmadeitimpossibleforangeltoforgiveTessevenAngelhadevermadethesamemistake.Infact,hisunfairstandardforTesswasquiterepresentative,because"themaledemandforpurityinwomanandtheuseofthedoublestandardinsexualmatterswereessentialfeaturesofthesociallifeofthenineteenthcentury."let’sassumethatifAngelforgaveTessatthattime,theywouldhaveleadahappylife.Whereastherealityalwaysbeingcruel.Angelwassocoldandselfish.Consequently,TessseemedtobetotornbetweentheevilsocialforceandthehypocriticalreligionincharacterizationofAlecandconventionality,Christianmoralityandbourgeoisviewofclassdistinctionincharacterofangel.Neitherofwhomcouldbebetterthantheother.Itseemedthatshenowjumpedoutofthefryingpanintothefireandthenoutofthefirefromthefryingpan.Tobehonest,AlecandAngelwerejusttherepresentativesofthesocietyatthatage.Thepoorhadtoenduretheexploitationofthecapitalist.JustlikeTess,shewasthevictimbecausetherapeofAlec.WhileTesswastheonlypersonpunishedandshehadnoanyabilitytoresisttheinsultofAlec.Meanwhile,shewasinculpable,butshehadtobearthediscardofAngel.Shewantedtodominateherowndestiny,whileshehadnochoicebutbeingthevictimandthesacrificelambofthesociety.Inconclusion,Tess’tragedyisduetothemoralrootofsocietyandthestableviewofwomenchastityinthesocietywhichmaleiscenter.C.Tess’characterWhenwementionedTess,weallknewthemostmovedcharacterofTesstopeoplewasherself-respectandfortitudinous.Itwasnoteasyforpeopleinthatcentury,especiallyforpoorcountrygirl.Herfatherwasdrunkandcouldnotwork,hermotheradvisedhertochooseoneofdancingpartnerstohelpthem,whileTessrejected.Shediditbyherself.InTrantridge,facingtheAlec’sadoration,shetriedherbesttokeepawayfromAlec.Maybeacceptinghimcouldmakeherlifeeasierandshortofhardwork,butsherefusedhimtimeandtimeagain.Fromthisaspect,wecouldsayshewasaheroine.Butdidn’tTessmakeanymistake?Ofcourse,shedid.Ontheonehand,Tessshouldn’tacceptAlecformoney,thoughshewasforherfamily.Asweallknow,therearealotofpoorpeopleintheword,buteveryonecanleadagoodlifebytheirowneffortsratherthanothers’help.Ontheotherhand,Shewastoo“brave”.Itwashardforpeopletothinkthatayounggirldrovethehorseonanall-nighttripalone,butTessdid;underthesufferingoflosingherbaby,withouthesitation,TesswenttoafarmasamilkmaidatTalbothays.BecauseofbravenessTesskilledAlecandstartedwanderingtoStonehengewithAngel,evenwhenshewokeuponlytofindthearrest,Tessdealtwithitcalmly.TheseallshowedTess’couragewasnomatchforothers.Butjustbecauseofthebravenessshepaidheryoungandgoldlifeforthecost.Thegoodqualityonthatpuregirlbecametheguidetothetragedy.Inotherswordsshewastooultra.ItwasreallynecessaryforTesstokillAlec?Obviouslynot.Itwasnottheonlywaytodealwiththeproblem.Butactuallyshedidso.What’smore,therewasalsoadisadvantageofTess’personality.Tesscouldn’tkeepasanemindinthebadgeneralmoodofthatsociety.shealwaysthoughtshewassinfulandtorturedherself.Itcausedalotofavoidableproblems.III.ThefatalismandpessimismofThomasHardyAllthesethingsjustfittedthefatalismandpessimismofThomasHardy.JustlikeTessinthisnovel,hermiserywasinevitableandunchangeable.Finallyshewenttoatragicending.InthebloodofTess,traditionalmoralityandfatalismrunfromherbirthtoherend.WecouldwitnessitclearlyjustfromtherelationbetweenTessandAngel.JustasHardysaidmostofthemiseryhadbeengeneratedbyherconventionalrespectandnotbyherinnatesensations?Tesshaddriftedintoaframeofmindwhichacceptedpassivelytheconsiderationthatifsheshouldhavetoburnforwhatshehaddone,burnshemust,andtherewasanendofit!AfterAlecseducedTess,althoughshewasavictim,actuallyandessentiallyshewaspure,shefeltherselfguilty.Therefore,atthebeginning,sherefusedAngel’slove,becauseshethoughtthatshewasfarlessworthyofAngel.Aftermarryinghim,sheobeyedAngelasaslaver,Angeltoldherthatshecouldn’twritetohimandshedidin-deed.ForthesakeofgettingAngel?sforgiveness,she