大学英语四六级简短问答单项训练答案

简短问答单项训练SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSDirections：Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithsomequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinfewestpossiblewords.Youranswermaybeaword,aphrase,orashortsentence.Fewestpossiblewords.Youranswermaybeaword,aphrase,orashortsentence.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovidedontherightofthepage.Sportsisoneoftheworld,slargestindustries,andmostathletesareprofessionalswhoarepaidfortheirefforts.Becauseanathletesucceedsbyachievementonly-notbyeconomicbackgroundorfamilyconnections-sportscanbeafastroutetowealth,andmanyathletesplayonlyformoneythanforlove.Thishasnotalwaysbeentrue.IntheancientOlympicsthewinnergotonlyawreathofoliveleaves(橄榄叶花环).Eventhoughthewinnersbecamenationalheroes,thegamesremainedamateurforcenturies.Athleteswonfame,butnomoney.Astimepassed,however,thecontestsbecameincreasinglylessamateurandcitiesbegantohireathletestorepresentthem.BythefourthcenturyA.D.,theOlympicswereruined,andtheyweresoonended.In1896,theOlympicgameswererevived(使再度兴起)withthesamegoalofpureamateurcompetition.Therulesbarathleteswhohaveeverreceiveda$50prizeoranathleticscholarsorwhohavespentfourweeksinatrainingcamp.Atleastonecompetitorinthe1896gamesmetthesequalifications.HewasSpiridonLoues,awatercarrierwhowonthemarathonrace,Afterrace,arichAthenianofferedhimanythinghewanted.Atrueamateur,Louesacceptedonlyacartandahorse.Thenhegaveuprunningforever.ButLoueswasanexceptionandnow,astheChairmanoftheGermanOlympicCommitteesaid,“Nobodypaysanyattentiontotheserules.”Manycountriespaytheirathletestotrainyear-round,andOlympicathletesareeagertoselltheirnamestocompaniesthatmakeeverythingfromskiequipmenttofastfood.Eventhegamesthemselveshavebecomeahugebusiness.CountriesfighttoholdtheOlympicsnotonlyforhonor,butformoney.The1972gamesinMunichcosttheGermans545milliondollars,butbysellingmedalsymbols,TVrights,food,drink,hotelrooms,andsouvenirs(纪念品)，theymanagedtomakeaprofit.Appropriately,thesymbolofvictoryintheOlympicgamesisnolongerasimpleolivewreath—itisagoldmedal.Tomanypeople,sportstodayisnothingbutS1..Whatdomostathletesoftodaygoafter?S2.WhatrewardcouldanancientGreekathleteexpect?S3..BythefourthcenturyA.D.,OlympiccontestsbecameincreasinglymoreS4.，thusruiningtheOlympics.WhentheOlympicGameswererevivedin1896,athleteswhohadreceivedspecialtrainingincampswouldbeS5.WhatdidSpiridonLouesdoafterheacceptedtheAthenian,sgift?S6.Accordingtotheauthor,someathletesareevenwillingtoadvertiseforbusinesseswhichsellthingslikeS7 .The1972MunichgamesmanagedtomakeabigprofitmainlybyS8(1)servicesandsellingS8(2).简短问答单项训练SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSWhatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?Ithinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.First,theteacher'spersonalityshouldbelivelyandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoareplain-looking,orevenugly,becausemanysuchpeoplehavegreatpersonalcharm.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesastheover-excitable,sad,cold,andfrustrated.Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaveagenuinecapacityforsympathy,acapacitytounderstandthemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,especially,sincemostteachersareschoolteachers,themindsandfeelingsofchildren.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant--not,indeed,ofwhatiswrong,butoftheweaknessesandimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinducepeople,andagainespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thismeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthsandlimitations,andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbeguided.Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbeabitofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeabletoputonanacttoenliven(使生动)alesson,correctafault,orawardpraise.Children,especiallyyoungchildren,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife.Ateachermustbecapableofinfinitepatience.This,Imaysay,islargelyamatterofself-disciplineandself-training,forwearenoneofusbornlikethat.Finally,Ithinkateachershouldhavethekindofmindwhichalwayswantstogoonlearning.Teachingisajobatwhichonewillneverbeperfect;thereisalwayssomethingmoretolearnaboutit.Therearethreeprincipalobjectsofstudy:thesubjectswhichtheteacheristeaching;themethodsbywhichthesubjectscanbestbetaughttotheparticularpupilsintheclassesheisteaching;and byfarthemostimportant--thechildren,youngpeople,oradultstowhomthesubjectsaretobetaught.ThetwofundamentalprinciplesofBritisheducationtodayarethateducationiseducationofthewholeperson,andthatitisbestacquiredthroughfullandactiveco-operationbetweentwopersons,theteacherandthelearner.Plain-lookingteacherscanalsobeadmiredbytheirstudentsiftheyhaveS1.TheauthorsaysitisS2thatteachersbesympatheticwiththeirstudents.AteachershouldbetolerantbecausehumanstendtohaveS3(1)andtobeS3(2).AteacherwhoisS4willbeabletomakehislessonsmorelively.Howcanateacheracquireinfinitepatience?S5Sinceteachingisajobnoonecanbeperfectat,itisnecessaryforteacherstokeepimprovingtheirknowledgeofthesubjectstheyteachandtheirS6Teachers'mostimportantobjectofstudyisS7.EducationcannotbebestacquiredwithoutS8betweentheteacherandthelearner简短问答单项训练SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSFormanywomenchoosingwhethertoworkornottoworkoutsidetheirhomeisaluxury:theymustworktosurvive.Othersfaceaharddecision.Perhapstheeasiestchoicehastodowitheconomics.Onehusbandsaid,“MargeandIdecidedaftercarefulconsiderationthatforhertogobacktoworkatthismomentwasanextravagance（奢侈）wecouldn'tafford.”Withtwopreschoolchildren,itsoonbecameclearintheirfiguringthatwithbabysitters（临时照看小孩的人）,transportation,andincreasedtaxes,ratherthanhavingmoremoney,theymightactuallyendupwithless.Economicfactorsareusuallythefirsttobeconsidered,buttheyarenotthemostimportant.Themostimportantaspectsofthedecisionhavetodowiththeemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.Itisinthisareathathusbandsandwivesfindthemselveshavingtofacemanyconfusingandconflictingfeelings.Therearemanywomenwhofindthathomemakingisboringorwhofeelimprisoned（被囚禁）iftheyhavetostayhomewithayoungchildorseveralchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearewomenwhothinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.Frommyownexperience，Iwouldliketosuggestthatsometimethedecisiontogobacktoworkismadeintoomuchhaste.TherearefewdecisionsthatInowregretmore.Iwasn,tmatureenoughtoseehowmuchIcouldhavegainedathome.Iregretmyimpatiencetogetonwithmycareer.IwishIhadallowedmyselftheluxuryofwatchingtheworldthroughmylittlegirl,seyes.Questions:（注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。）S1.Whichwordinthefirsttowparagraphsbestexplainswhymanywomenhavetowork?WhydidMargeandherhusbandthinkitanextravaganceforMargetogobacktowork?Whatarethetwomajorconsiderationsindecidingwhetherwomenshouldgoouttowork?Somewomenwouldratherdohouseworkandtakecareoftheirchildrenthanpursueacareerbecausetheyfeel.Ifgivenasecondchance,thewriterwouldprobablychooseto简短问答单项训练SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSAsresearcherslearnmoreabouthowchildren'sintelligencedevelops,theyareincreasinglysurprisedbythepowerofparents.Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeenreplacedbythehome.Tobeginwith,allthefactorswhicharepartofintelligence—thechild'sunderstandingoflanguage,learningpatterns,curiosity—areestablishedwellbeforethechildentersschoolattheageofsix.Studyafterstudyhasshownthatevenafterschoolbegins,children'sachievementshavebeenfarmoreinfluencedbyparentsthanbyteachers.Thisisparticularlytrueaboutlearningthatislanguage-related.Theschoolratherthanthehomeisgivencreditforvariationsinachievementinsubjectssuchasscience.Inviewoftheirpower,it'ssadtoseesomanyparentsnotmakingthemostoftheirchild'sintelligence.Untilrecentlyparentshadbeenwarnedbyeducatorswhoaskedthemnottoeducatetheirchildren.Manyteachersnowrealizethatchildrencannotbeeducatedonlyatschoolandparentsarebeingaskedtocontributebothbeforeandafterthechildentersschool.Parentshavebeenparticularlyafraidtoteachreadingathome.Ofcourse,childrenshouldn'tbepushedtoreadbytheirparents,buteducatorshavediscoveredthatreadingisbesttaughtindividually-andtheeasiestplacetodothisisathome.Manyfour-andfive-year-oldswhohavebeenshownafewlettersandtaughttheirsoundswillcomposesinglewordsoftheirownwiththemevenbeforetheyhavebeentaughttoread.Whathaveresearchersfoundoutabouttheinfluenceofparentsandtheschoolonchildren'sintelligence?Whatdoresearchersconcludeaboutchildren'slearningpatterns?Inwhichareamayschoolplayamoreimportantrole?Whydidmanyparentsfailtomakethemostoftheirchildren'sintelligence?Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthatparentsshouldbeencouragedto简短问答单项训练SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSWecommonlythinkofsportsmanshipinconnectionwithathleticcontests,butitalsoappliestoindividualoutdoorsports.Noteveryonewhopicksupafishingrodorgoesoutwithagunisasportsman.Thesportsmanfirstofallobeysthefishandgamelaws,notbecauseheisliabletobepunishedasaviolator,butbecauseheknowsthatinthemaintheselawsaremadeforhisbestinterests.Thefollowingaresomeofthethingsthatthosewhowouldqualifyformembershipinthesportsmanshipfraternity（圈内人）willdo.Takenomoregamethanthebaglimitprovidedforbythefishandgamelaws.Thepersonwhocomesbackfromatripboastingaboutthelargenumberoffishorgametakenisnotasportsmanbutagamehog（贪得无厌的捕猎者）.Observetheunwrittenrulesoffairplay.Thismeansshootinggamebirdsonlywhenthebirdsare“onthewing”.Forthesamereason,donotuseashotguntoshootarabbitorsimilaranimalwhileitissittingorstandingstill.Becarefulinremovingillegalorundersizedfishfromthehook.Thisshouldbedoneonlyafterwettingthehands.Thisisnecessarybecausethebodyofthefishiscoveredwithathin,protectivefilmwhichwillsticktoyourdryhands.Ifthehandsaredrywhenthefishishandled,thefilmistornfromthebodyofthefish.Withouttheprotectivefilm,thefishismoreeasilyattackedbydiseases.Ifyouwishtoreleaseafishthatishookedinsuchawaythatitwillbeimpossibletobeclosetothehookasconvenient.Inaremarkablyshorttime,thehookwillbreakdownandthefishwillremainalmostunharmed.Fishhavebeenknowntofeedsuccessfullywhilehookswerestillintheirlips.Besureoftheidentityofyourtargetbeforeyoushoot.Manyusefulandharmlessspeciesofwildlifearethoughtlesslykilledbytheuninformedpersonwhoisoutwithaguntokillwhateverflieswithinrange.Inwhatrespectdoestheauthorthinkindividualoutdoorsportsaresimilartoathleticcontests?ApersonwhogoesoutfishingwithafishingrodorhuntingwithagunisnotnecessarilyWhat,sthemostimportantthingatruesportsmanshouldbearinmindwhenhegoesfishingorhuntingThosewhoviolatethefishandgamelawswillnotbeformembershipinthesportsmanshipfraternity.Whatarepeoplecalledwhentheybreakthebaglimitandboastabouttheirbigcatch?AtruesportsmanwillnotshootananimalwhichisnotWhatarepeopleadvisedtodobeforetheyremoveillegalorundersizedfishfromthehook?Whatshouldsportsmandotoavoidkillingrarespeciesofwildlife?简短问答单项训练SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSAman'sskinisthickerthanawoman'sandnotnearlyassoft.Thethicknesspreventsthesun'sradiationfromgettingthrough,whichiswhymenwrinklelessthanwomendo.Womenhaveathinlayeroffatjustundertheskinandthereisaplus（有利因素）tothisgreaterfatreserve.Itactsasaninvisiblefurcoattokeepawomanwarmerinthewinter.Womenalsostaycoolerinsummer.Thefatlayerhelpsinsulatethemagainstheat.Men'sfatisdistributeddifferently.Andtheydonothavethatlayerofitunderneaththeirskin.Infact,theyhaveconsiderablylessfatthanwomenandmoreleanmass.Forty-onepercentofaman'sbodyismusclecomparedtothirty-fivepercentforwomen,whichmeansmenhavemoremusclepower.Whenitcomestostrength,almost90percentofaman'sweightisstrengthcomparedtoabout50percentofawoman'weight.Thehigherproportionofmuscletofatmakesiteasierformentoloseweight.Muscleburnsupfivemorecaloriesapoundthanfatdoesjusttomaintainitself.Sowhenamangoesonandiet,thepoundsrolloffmuchfaster.Forallmen'smuscularitytheydonothavetheenergyreserveswomendo.Theyhavemorestart-upenergy,butthefattuckedawayinwomen'snooksandcrannies（隐匿处）providesarichenergyreservethatmenlack.Cardiologists（心脏病专家）attheUniversityofAlabamawhotestedhealthywomenontreadmills（单调而又劳累的活）discoveredthatoveryearsthefemalecapacityforexercisefarexceedsthemalecapacity.Womanofsixtywhoisingoodhealthcanexerciseupto90percentofwhatshecoulddowhenshewastwenty.Amanofsixtyhasonly60percentleftofhiscapacityasatwenty-year-old.Thetitleofthepassagecanbe.Whatmakesmenwrinklelessthanwomen?.Thethinlayeroffatunderwomen'sskinkeepinsummer.Theproportionofmuscletofatexplainswhyitis forwomentoloseweightcomparedwithmen.Itisimpliedthattheprocessofagingis.inahealthywoman.简短问答单项训练SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSChronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerage.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thepercentageofchildrenunder17yearsofagewhoarelimitedinactivityduetochronicconditionsincreasedby86%from1967to1979.Mentaldiseaseisaffectingmoreandmorepeople.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthestimatedin1984thatoneineveryfiveAmericanshadamentaldisorder.Thissamestudyrevealedthat,duringasix-monthperiod,8.3%ofAmericanssufferedfromananxietydisorder,6.4%hadanalcoholordrugproblem,and6%hadamooddisorder.Inadditiontothesevarioustrends,oneofthemoresignificantfactsthatwillaffectthefutureofhealthcareisthatalargepercentageofthepopulationwillbeover65yearsold.AccordingtoprojectionsbytheU.S.BureauoftheCensus,thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationover65in1985willhavedoubledby2030.Futuristsgenerallyassumethattwenty-firstcenturymedicinewillincludenewandmorepowerfuldrugsandvariousinnovativetechnologicalinterventions.However,futuriststendtoignoretheseriousproblempresentlyarisingfromconventionalmedications.Accordingto1986statistics,theaverageAmericanreceives7.5prescriptionsayear.Thisisaparticularlyfrighteningnumberbecauseweallknowpeoplewhohavenotbeenprescribedanymedicationsinthepastyear,whichmeansthatsomeoneelseisgettingtheir7.5drugs.Chronicdisabilityhasamongteenagers.Anxietydisorder,alcoholordrugproblemareconsideredtobedisease.Accordingtothepassage,futuristsshouldattentiontotheproblemsarisingfromconventionalmedications.Itcaninferredfromthestatisticsthatanumberofpeoplehavetakenthantheaverage.Thispassagehealthproblem.Mencannotmanufacturebloodasefficientlyaswomencan.Thismakessurgeryriskierformen.Menalsoneedmoreoxygenbecausetheydonotbreatheasoftenaswomen.Butmenbreathemoredeeplyandthisexposesthemtoanotherrisk.Whentheairispolluted,theydrawmoreofitintotheirlungs.Amorerecentandchillingfindingistheeffectofautomobileandtruckexhaustfumesonchildren'sintelligence.Theseexhaustfumesarethegreatestsourceofleadpollutionincities.Researchershavefoundthatthechildrenwiththehighestconcentrationofleadintheirbodieshavethelowestscoresonintelligencetestsandthatboysscorelowerthangirls.Itispossiblethattheselowscoresareconnectedtothedeeperbreathingthatistypicalofthemale.Men'sbonesarelargerthanwomen'sandtheyarearrangedsomewhatdifferently.Thefemininewalkthatevokessomanywhistlesisamatterofbonestructure.Menhavebroadershouldersandanarrowerpelvis,whichenablesthemtostrideoutwithnowastemotion.Awoman'swiderpelvis,designedforchild-bearing,forceshertoputmoremovementintoeachstepshetakeswiththeresultthatshedisplaysabitofajiggleandswayasshewalks.Ifyouthinkamanisbravebecauseheclimbsaladdertocleanoutoftheroofgutters,don'tfoeasierforhimthanforawoman.Theangleatwhichawoman'sthighisjoinedtoherkneesmakesclimbingawkwardforher,nomatterwhetheritisaladderorstairsoramountainthatsheistackling.Apropertopicforthispassagemaybe.Mensuffermorefromairpollutionbecausethey.Whatmakesmen'swalkingdifferentfromwomen's?.Asfarasbodystructuresareconcerned,facemoredangerinclimbingmountains.Howmanydifferencesbetweenmenandwomenarementionedinthispassage? 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简短问答单项训练SHORTANSWERQUESTIONS简短问答题答案(1)2003-9S1afastroutetowealth S2moneyS3awreathofoliveleaves/olivewreath S4professionalS5barred S6Hegaveuprunningforever./Givinguprunningforever.S7SkiequipmentandfastfoodS8(1)hotel(2)medalsymbols,TVrights,souvenirs,foodanddrinks(2)2003-6S1.greatpersonalcharm. S2.desirableandessentialS3.(1)weaknessandimmaturity(2)wrong S4.abitofanactorS5.Byself-disciplineandself-training. S6.methodsbywhichthesubjectscanbestbetaught.S7.thelearnerstowhomthesubjectsaretobetaught.S8.fullandactiveco-operationEconomics. S2.BecausetheincreasedcostwillbemorethanMarge,sincome.Economicfactorsandemotionalneeds.S4.thathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.stayhome.Parentshavegreaterinfluencethantheschool./Parent,sinfluenceisgreaterthantheschool,s.Theyareestablishedwellbeforetheageofsix. S3.Sciencesubjects.Theyweretoldbyeducatorsnottoeducatetheirchildren.S5.teachreadingathome.S1.Bothofthemareincommonwithsportsmanship S2.asportsmanS3.Toobeythelaw. S4.qualifiedS5.Agamehog.S6.movingS7.Towettheirhands. S8.Theyshouldknowtheidentityofthetarget.(6)1.SomeDifferencesBetweenMenAndWomen.2.Thethicknessofmen'sskin.womencooler1.increasedgreatlymoredrugs/medicinewomencooler1.increasedgreatlymoredrugs/medicine5.slowermental