2022-2023学年株洲市英语统招专升本训练题【带答案】

2022-2023学年株洲市英语统招专升本训练题【带答案】学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、阅读理解(30题)1.Thebabywasfound______.

A.inthemudatthebaseofatree

B.highinthebranchesofatree

C.inthecloset

D.inabush

2."Desperate"means______.

A.ingreatneedB.recklessC.hopelessD.skillful

3.Wecanconcludethatacandidatewho______isinabetterpositiontobehired.

A.hasworkedfortwomonths

B.hashadcollegeeducation

C.isgettingtraining

D.isfondofsports

4."Ifitfails,I'llbuyyouanewone"suggestedthat______.

A.hewasquitesureofsuccess

B.hewasnotsurehewouldgettheumbrellaback

C.hewasrichenoughtoaffordanewumbrella

D.hedidnotknowwhattodo

5.Howisablendedfamilyformed?

A.Ablendedfamilyisformedbytwosingle-parentfamilies.

B.Ablendedfamilyisformedbyanuclearfamilyandagrandparent.

C.Ablendedfamilyisformedbyanuclearfamilyandgrandparents.

D.Ablendedfamilyisformedbytwofatherlessfamilies.

6.Fromtheinformationinparagraph3，itisobviousthat_________．

A.theAmerican,wayistheonlyrightwaytobehave

B.thepuritanheritagestressesnoncomtactculture

C.Americanchildrenaremorepolitethanthoseinothercountries

D.Americanpeopleusuallycannotmakethemselvesunderstood

7.Accordingtothepassage,______.

A.flowersandvegetablesfromDevonareonthemarketonemonthearlier

B.farmersinthesouthwestgrowasmanyvegetablesandflowersasfarmerselsewhere

C.peopleinthesouthwesthavetopayahigherpriceforvegetablesandflowers

D.vegetablesinCornwallripenasmuchasamonthearlierthanflowers

8.37.Whatcouldthegirlintheticketofficedoforthepassengerswithoutaskingthecomputer?A.Shecouldsellaticket.B.Shecouldwriteoutaticket.C.Shecouldanswerthepassengers'questions.D.Shecoulddonothing.

9.48.Mr.Greenaskedtobetakentothepolicestationbecausehe______.A.didn'tliketogivehisnameandaddresstothepolicemanB.wantedtogethelpandtellthetruththereC.didn'tliketotalktoomuchwiththepolicemanD.wantedtoleavethemaninhiscarandlethimgo

10.TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmembers______.

A.isinsignificant

B.seemsoverestimated

C.isenormous

D.remainsunknown

11.TheShotSpotterhashelpedpolice______.

A.alittlebit

B.cutdowntheuseofweapons

C.tremendously

D.solvealltheshootings

12.52.WhydidtheearlyPilgrimswanttosharetheirfeastwiththeIndians?A.Toshowfriendship.B.Toaskfortheirhelpinthecomingwinter.C.SotheycouldeatsomeIndianbreadpuddings.D.Totrytoteachthemtogrowcrops.

13.

第53题Thereasonthatmanypeoplefindithardtorelaxthesedaysisthat________．

A.theyaresufferingfromtheeffectsofexcessivestress

B.theyareworkingharderthantheyusedto

C.theyareoftentoobusytofindtime

D.theyhavenoideawhatrelaxationmeanstothem

14.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause______.

A.youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteaching

B.manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

C.youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

D.youngpeopledon'tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

15.SamWilsonstampedtheboxesofmeatforthearmywithalargeUSfor______.

A.UncleSamB.UnitedStatesC.SoldiersD.America

16.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Floods—DestroyedPark．

B.ChangesinthePark．

C.YosemiteCarBan．

D.NoCars．

17.49.Accordingtothestranger,intheWestthewintersare______.A.dryandcoldB.warmerthanintheEastC.wetandcoldD.mild

18.JamesBartleyprobablyneverwenttoseaagainbecause______.

A.hewanteddifferentkindsofadventures

B.offrightandshock

C.hewasdiedafterthat

D.hedoesn"thaveboat

19.42.Whichofthefollowingusuallycausesatreetogrowunhealthy?A.Givingatreeaspecialshapeandadefiniteheight.B.Removingsmallsidebranchesandmakingatreelooklessthick.C.Allowingtoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle.D.Havingatreesurroundedbymanyothertrees.

20.Whichofthefollowingmayleadtofamilyquarrelsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Unawarenessofenergycycles.

B.Familiarmonologues.

C.Achangeinafamilymember'senergycycle.

D.Attemptstocontroltheenergycycleofotherfamilymembers.

21.Thisstorymentionscollegegraduatesat_______.

A.SanJoseStateCareerCenter

B.SanJoseCommunityCollege

C.SanJoseStateUniversity

D.SanJosePolytechnicHighSchool

22.Marconiisafamousname______.

A.inscience

B.intechnology

C.inGermanandItaly

D.bothinscienceandintechnology

23.TheEgyptiansthoughtthatballplayingwas______.A.A.childishB.difficultC.notenjoyableD.worthwhile

24.WhoweretheearliestpeoplelivinginNorthAmerica?

A.TheSpanish.B.TheEnglish.C.TheNegroes.D.TheIndians.

25.Thestateistryingtosolvetheproblemby______.A.A.tellingpeopletostopusingpower

B.loaningtheutilitiesmoneytobuypower

C.buyingpowerandresellingitatlowpricestotheutilities

D.buyingtheutilities

26.Accordingtotheauthor,smalltalkisoftenused______

A.toinvadeother'sprivateaffairs

B.toshareasecretbetweenintimatefriends

C.toopenandmaintainchannelsofcommunication

D.toprotectone'sownprivacy

27.Inthesecondparagraph,theterm"ineffect"means______.

A.infactB.itisdoubtfulC.oftenD.withoutreason

28.Thewarmingweatherofthepasthundredyearsmay______.

A.beginB.endC.beanothericeageD.start

29.Adesertisprobably______.

A.grassyB.wetC.treelessD.muddy

30.54.BillyJoelwasborninthestateof______.A.LongIslandB.NewYorkC.NewJerseyD.Suffolk

二、完型填空(20题)31.10.（）A.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.MoreoverD.Likewise

32.(45)

A.knownB.saidC.calledD.written

33.Ⅲ.Cloze(30points)Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatismostsuitableandmarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Timeshavechangedandtheideasoftheyoungandtheoldaboutthesamethingareoftenillcontradiction.Forexample,parentsandteenagersoftendisagreeabouttheamountoffreedomandresponsibilitythatyoungpeople

(21)

tohave.

Theteenagerismoreindependentandoftenwantstobe

(22)

tochoosehisownfriends,selecthisowncoursesinschool,planforhisownvocational

(23)

,andearnandspendhisownmoney,andgenerally

(24)

hisownlifeinamoreindependent

(25)

thanmanyparentsareableto

(26)

.Mostproblems

(27)

teenagersandtheirparentsyieldto(导致)

(28)

planninganddecisionmaking.Withinallyparticularfamily,

(29)

areavoidedandproblemsaresolvedwhenallofthepersonstake

(30)

inthesituation,and

(31)

inworkingitout.

(32)

parentsandyoungpeoplelearnhowtoget

(33)

wellwitheachotheranddevelopskillsinunderstandingand

(34)

understood,even

(35)

mostdifficultproblemsarerelievedandasituationmightappearthatteenagersandtheirparentscansometimesseeeyetoeye.21.A.isB.shouldC.willD.are

34.26.A.supplyB.affordC.awardD.allow

35.(54)

A.forsureB.atonceC.infactD.rightnow

36.andsoon，

13

ourneeds.A.forsatisfyB.tosatisfyC.fortosatisfyD.sosatisfying

37.Mostboys,andmanygirlstoo,haveatsometimeorotherstartedastampcollection.Stamp-collecting,or,tocallit【36】itscorrectname,philately,【37】anincreasingpopularhobbyfromas【38】as1854—lessthantwodecadesafterpostagestamps【39】.Todaythehobbynumbersamongitsenthusiastic【40】notonlyboysandgirls,butalsomenandwomenfromallranks(阶层)insociety.Sorapidly【41】interestinstamp-collectingincreaseintheUnitedStatesofAmerica【42】in1921theUnitedStatesPostOfficefounditself【43】setupaspecialdepartmentto【44】theneedsofcollectors.Atpresenttheyearly【45】ofthisdepartmenttotaloverthreehundredthousanddollars.

(36)

A.byB.inC.forD.with

38.请在第_____处填上正确答案。

A.be

B.tobe

C.being

D.stayed

39.25.A.newsB.problemsC.effectsD.opinions

40.(53)

A.silverB.bronzeC.goldD.award

41.(42)

A.workB.marketC.streetD.shop

42.Enoughsleepisimportanttohealth.Theamountofsleep【C1】______dependsontheageofthepersonandtheconditionsinwhichsleep【C2】______Theyoungmayneedmoresleepthantheold,but【C3】______eighthoursisenoughforthehealthofgrown-ups.Somecandowithlessthanthisamountbut【C4】______mayneedmore.Everypersonknowshisownneed.Itisthenamatterofhowto【C5】______it.Sleepshouldbealwaysenoughtomakeonerelaxed(松弛)andreadyfor【C6】______work.Freshairis【C7】______tosoundsleep(酣睡).Itisnot【C8】______reasonforsomepeopletoinsistthatitispracticaltosleepintheopenair.【C9】______apersoncankeephimselfwarm,out-of-doorsleepingprobablygivesthebody【C10】______completerelaxation.Abilitytosleepislargelyahabit.Theconditionsreferredtoonlyleadtosleep.Out-of-door【C11】______,agoodhabitofregulardrinkingandtheavoidanceoflateeatingand【C12】______areallhelpfultosoundsleep.Suchfactorsarelargelywithinthe【C13】______ofanyperson.Abathat【C14】______,neitherhotnorcoldbutofbodytemperature,maybehelpfultosleep.Sleepingpillsshouldneverbetakenexceptwhensuggestedby【C15】______

【C1】

A.wishedB.expectedC.neededD.wanted

43.(50)

A.votersB.winnersC.peopleD.guys

44.(49)

A.OutofB.BesideC.UnderD.Inside

45.(46)

A.teacherB.doctorC.winnerD.fool

46.24A.livingB.liveC.livelyD.leaving

47.(84)

A.blameB.excuseC.chargeD.trust

48.30.__________A.worseB.betterC.fewerD.no

49.13.（）A.A.butB.orC.soD.otherwise

50.LiuXiangsetstheWorld110mHurdlesrecordinLausanne.

Lausanne,Switzerland—China'sOlympicchampionLiuXiang【21】themen's110mHurdlesWorldrecordwith【22】12.88seconds(wind+1.1m/s)attonight'sAthletissima,aSuperGrandPrixmeeting,whichispartoftheIAAFWorldAthleticsTour.

"I【23】thoughtIcouldbreaktheWorldrecord.I'mfeelingverytired,veryhappyandveryexcited,"saidLiuXiang."Switzerlandismy【24】place.IloveSwitzerlandandLausanneandthefanshere,"the22-year-oldyoungmanadded."Ihad【25】brokentheWorldjuniorrecordin2002inLausanne(13.12)."LiuXiangcelebrates【26】sittingonhisWorldrecordclockinLausanne.

"TonightIstartedwellrunning.Butitwas【27】thefifthhurdlewhenIspeededup,"confirmedthe2005WorldChampionshipsilvermedallistwhowill【28】his23rdbirthdayonThursday(13July).

LiuXiangwasthejointholderofthe【29】bestof12.91,whichhe【30】whenwinningtheOlympictitleon27August2004inAthens,Greece.The【31】12.91recordhadbeensetinStuttgart,Germany,【32】Britain'sColinJacksonwhoestablishedthatmarkwhenwinningtheWorldChampionship【33】medalon20August1993.

InsecondplacetonightinLausannewasDominiqueArnoldofUSAwholedformostofthe【34】,andfinishedin12.90seconds,whichofcourseisalso【35】theoldrecord.

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A.heldB.keptC.brokeD.damaged

三、语音(10题)51.(2)

A.fullB.luckC.stuffD.up

52.

2.A.usualB.usefulC.justD.mistake

53.(1)

A.character

B.China

C.child

D.choice

54.(4)

A.color

B.comfortable

C.bachelor

D.born

55.

A.dear

B.heartC.ear

D.tear

56.4.__________A.mental

B.metal

C.total

D.metallic

57.5.__________A.familiar

B.crisis

C.daylight

D.decline

58.(5)

A.volcano

B.vitamin

C.violate

D.vague

59.（）A.A.correct

B.discover

C.comfort

D.come

60.(3)

A.receipt

B.implication

C.empty

D.concept

四、词汇与结构(20题)61.NothavingagoodcommandofEnglishcanbeaserious______preventingyoufromachievingyourgoals.

A.obstacleB.faultC.offenseD.distress

62.Itisaquestion______thebookwillbepublishedthismonthornextmonth.

A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.which

63.AfamousCanadiandoctorexpressedthevalueofhobbiesbysaying,“______manisreallyhappywithoutahobby．”

A.Not

B.Without

C.No

D.None

64.Notyoubutyourfather______.

A.aretoblame

B.istoblame

C.aretobeblamed

D.istobeblamed

65.About______oftheworkersinthatfactoryareyoungpeople.

A.third-fifthsB.three-fifthsC.three-fivesD.three-fifth

66.StudentsmajoringinEnglish______bythatamusingteacheratthattime.

A.wereteaching

B.werebeingtaught

C.havebeentaught

D.arebeingtaught

67.Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople______harmthem.

A.morethanB.ratherthanC.otherthanD.betterthan

68.Itisnotconsidered______tolitterinpublic.

A.respectfulB.respectiveC.respectedD.respectable

69.______,leavesfromcertaintreessuchasthemapleturnintobrightcolours.

A.Duringthefall

B.Withthefall

C.Whilethefall

D.Alongthefall

70.Ifonly_________theviolininthemiddleofthenight，shedbeanidealguest．A.A.didn’tplayB.wouldntpIayC.playedD.wouldplay

71.Ihavetoldhimseveraltimesthattheseyoungpines______wateringtwiceaweek.

A.requireB.appealC.demandD.request

72.It’sverykind__________invitemetoyourbirthdayparty．A.A.fromyoutoB.ofyoutoC.byyoutoD.thatyou

73.Itisnouse______thatyoudidntknowthetruth.

A.pretendB.tobepretendingC.pretendingD.pretended

74.Hardly______whentheyrantowardit.

A.hadtheplanelanded

B.didtheplaneland

C.theplanehadlanded

D.theplanelanded

75.You'dliketotakeawalkaftersupper,_____you?

A.hadn'tB.wouldC.wouldn'tD.shouldn't

76.Iusedtosmoke_________，butIgaveitupthreeyearsago．

A.severelyB.heavilyC.stronglyD.seriously

77.13.Allwasquietthewholenight

_______thelightnoisegivenoutbytheelectricfan.A.besidesB.exceptthatC.besideD.exceptfor

78.Peoplewholiveincities______tosufferfromstressmorethanpeopleinthecountryside.

A.leanB.inclineC.tendD.intend

79.______wayismoreefficientisstillaquestion.

A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.Whether

80.InthemiddleofthesquarestandsaChristmastree______(decorate)withcoloredlightsandglassballs,

五、书面表达(1题)81.Ⅵ.Writing(25points)Directions:Forthispart,youarcsupposedtowritealetterof100—120wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation.Remembertowriteitclearly.6.．写封信给你的朋友Glad，他下周一下午4点将从另一个城市乘飞机来看你，内容包括：(1)不能去机场接站，向他表示歉意；(2)临时要出差(具体内容)；(3)告诉他如何从机场来你家；(4)十分欢迎他到你家来。

六、写作(1题)82.Forthispart,youaresupposedtowriteanannouncementinabout100~120wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation.Remembertowriteitclearly.

从美国来的客座教授Johnsmith要给你系学生作一个讲座。请写一则关于这个讲座的通知。通知的内容包括以下几个方面：

(1)讲座的主题和主要内容；

(2)讲座的时间和地点；

(3)讲座的参加者；

(4)要求本专业的学生讲座后留下进行讨论。

参考答案

1.A解析：见原文第五段。

2.A解析：第一段。后面进一步解释他们急需什么样的人。选项A是正确的。

3.B解析：参见最后一段。

4.A解析：参见最后一段的前三行：我们得知这个商人做广告从来都是成功的，因此他很自信，相信这一次他也一定能成功。

5.A解析：由第四自然段可知。

6.B

7.A解析：由第二段可知。

8.D37．答案为D

根据文章中的对话：售票员不能卖机票，回答不出旅客提出的问题等等，可推知此题答案为D。

9.B此题为细节信息推理题。其中关键词是asked．．．takento．．．policestationbecause。第2段倒数第4句中含有上述关键词。通过进一步阅读发现(第2段前几句)Mr．Green明知限速是每小时30英里，而故意超速驾驶，显然是为了向警方求助。Mr．Greenhoped．．．tellthepoliceman．．the．．．robber(第7句)，但是感到那人用枪againsthisback。所以可以推断他是为了安全而希望被送入警局并在警方的保护下说出实情。故B项是正确答案。

10.D解析：本题为细节判断题。在第二段中作者指出：“Sofar，nodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreported…”据此，我们可知辐射对阿波罗飞船船员的危害至今还不得而知。

11.C解析：参见倒数第一段和第二段。

12.A52．答案为A

根据第二段清教徒刚到新大陆时的经历，可知是印地安人帮助了他们，因此丰收的时候，清教徒邀请印地安人做客以表示友好和感谢。

13.C因为现代生活的节奏非常快，人们忙于工作，用来放松和休闲的时间就相应减少了。

14.C解析：从第二段最后一句Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies，anddropout．”可知很多大学生由于没有学习动力而辍学。

15.B解析：参见第四段。

16.C

17.A49．答案为A

根据第三段第一句乘客的谈话可知西部的冬天可到零下20度，并且不像这里那样潮冷，以此可推断西部的冬天应该是干冷。

18.B最后一段讲到自从这个事件后，JamesBartley再也没有出过海，可以推断他因此受到了惊吓。B项是正确的。

19.C42．答案为C

根据第二段Atreemaygrowhealthierbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecentre可知树中间的枝杈不利于树木生长，C与文章内容相反，因此错误。

20.A解析：细节辨认题。细节辨认题根据第二段“Muchfamilyquarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas”进行反推可以得出家人之所以吵架是因为没有意识到彼此不同的精力的高峰期。

21.C解析：见原文第二段。作者用一位SanJoseStateUniversity的毕业生举例。

22.D解析：见原文第三段。马可尼这个名字已经成了科学和技术的代名词。

23.D参见第四段最后一句。

24.D解析：参见本文第一句。

25.C见原文第七段。加州政府决定买进一些能源，再以低价卖给公众事业以缓解能源中断。

26.C

27.A前面说明内部感官是干什么的。接着用ineffect强调、总结，进一步说明内部感官的作用。A项是正确的。

28.B解析：参见句子：Recentresearchsuggeststhatthewarmingtrend(倾向)ofthepasthundredyearsorsomaybecomingtoanend．其中，cometoanend=end。

29.C解析：本题为细节辨认题.由文章第二段"Somepeopleontheearthdonotgetverymuchrain.Yet,theystilldonotbecomedeserts.Thisisbecausetherearesomesmallgreenplantsgrowingthere.Plantshelpkeepwaterintheearth.Plantsdonotletthewindblowthedirtaway"可以将A和B排除,而D文中没有提到,所以得出正确答案为C.

30.B第一句。

31.B此段讲述不同背景成员的婚姻关系，用However引出。

32.C解析：本题属词选题。known知道的，said说，called叫做，written写。

33.D21．答案为D

此处测试基本句型。看选项，注意其中的is和are，它们都可以与tohave连用。英文中的betodo为一种句型，beto后面接动词不定式，用于表示“责任、义务、意图、约定、可能性”等，一般翻译成“必须”。在本句中，决定be的形式的词为people，故选D为答案。

34.D26．答案为D

此处测试词义理解。allow意为“让，允许……得到”。afford意为“担负得起，抽得出时间”。此处传达的意思为“过上一种许多父母很难允许(他们)过的更为独立的生活”。

35.A解析：根据上文内容可知，修车工早就预料到“我”会误入歧途，因此应选A项。

36.B动词不定式作目的状语。tosatisfyone’sneed意为“满足需要”。

37.A

38.C介词后面必须跟名词性短语。所以，of后只能跟doing。beinglate也是一个常用短语。有了手机反倒不怕迟到了。

39.A25．答案为A

广播词的内容“消息可能有好有坏，但我们要告诉你们事实。”其他选项与上文内容不符。

40.C解析：在这场比赛中，ColinJackson夺得世锦赛金牌。

41.A

42.C根据上下文可看出，本句意思是指所需睡眠时间取决于年龄和条件等因素。理解了本句，不难看出C项正确。

43.B解析：如果没有任何候选人得到超过半数的选举人的选票，即538票中的270票，国会将选出胜出者。

44.D解析：这里指苹果里面的籽。苹果成熟之后，里面的籽就成了种子。

45.D解析：根据下一句话中“我会做得很差”可知在这种实践性较强的考试中我会显得像傻瓜一样，故应选D项。

46.A此题考查现在分词的用法。根据题意此处应该是现在分词表伴随，故应该选A"living"。

47.D解析：charge“收费，使承担责任”。作者不知道店员会不会相信他。

48.B

49.B连接几种选择。

50.C解析：这是一篇新闻报道。2006年7月12日，刘翔在洛桑田径黄金联赛中以12秒88的成绩打破了由ColinJackon保持了13年之久的世界纪录。

51.A解析：A项发[u]，而B，C，D项发[A]，因此选A项。

52.AA画线部分读[

?]，其他选项的画线部分读[s]。

53.A解析：画线部分读[k]，其他选项的画线部分读[t∫]。

54.D解析：选项D画线字母读[c:]，其他选项画线字母读[e]。

55.BA、C、D三项的划线部分发[ie]，而B项发[a：]，因此选B项。

56.D

57.A

58.B解析：画线部分读[e]，其他选项的画线部分读[ei]。

59.A

60.A解析：画线部分读不发音，其他选项的画线部分读[p]。

61.A解析：本题为词义辨析题。obstacle意为“障碍”；fault意为“缺点”；offense意为“冒犯”；distress意为“穷困，忧伤”。本句大意为：英语学得不好是你想要实现目标的严重阻碍。

62.B解析：这是主语从句后置的句子。由于主语从句中有表示选择意义的or，所以不能选that。if不能引导主语从句。

63.C

64.B解析：由not...but连接的并列主语，其谓语采取就近原则，即靠近谓语的主语是单数，谓语则用单数形式；靠近谓语的主语是复数，谓语则是复数形式。Blame在用于someoneistoblame时，含有被动意义，意为某人该受责备。选项B是正确的。

65.B解析：分数的表示法为“分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s”。

66.B解析：Althattime表示过去的那段时间，应用过去正在进行时。被教，被动语态。选项B是正确的。

67.B解析：ratherthan“而不是”。例如：weoughttocheckupratherthanjustacceptwhathesays.我们该核实一下，不应只信他的话。ratherthan相当于连词，连接两个相同成分。如：I,ratherthanyou,amtoblame.我，而不是你，该受责备。otherthan“除了”，相当于but，except。例如：Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucandootherthanwait.在那种情况下，除了等，你别无他法。

68.D

69.A解析：在秋天期间，用“duringthefall”。

70.B

71.A解析：在“require+动名词”这一结构中，动名词有被动之意。

72.B

73.C

74.A解析：表示否定意义的词hardly放在句首，句子倒装。hardly所在的句子中要用过去完成时态，与when引导的状语从句中的过去时配合。

75.C解析：句中’d是would的缩写。

76.B

77.D参考译文：万籁俱静，除了