初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案

初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案（一）语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：Theybuiltthebridge.Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由''助动词be+及物动词的过去分词〃构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am/is/are+taught一般过去时：was/were+taught一般将来时：will/shallbe+taught现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+taught过去进行时：have/hasbeen+taught现在完成时：have/hasbeen+taught歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）Thisbookwaspublishedin1981. 这本书出版于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：thewindowwasbrokenbyMike. 窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim, 这本书是他写的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后、'过分〃来使用。（1）通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be/get+过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语（若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语）。如：LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.fThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.fThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.这些机器是长沙造的。（2）将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.fThedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示''使、让"的动词make,have等，以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,100kat等，感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。女足Isawabagdropfromthebus.—Abagwasseentodropfromthebus.Mothermadeherbabysleepinherarms.—Thebabywasmadetosleepinhermother’sarms.Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.fHewasseentogointotheteachers,office.看见他进入了教师办公室。（3）带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：Hegavemethepenlastyear.fIwasgiventhepenlastyear./Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.这支笔是去年给我的。直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如：Mr.Smithgaveusalecture.fWeweregivenalecturebyMr.Smith.或---AlecturewasgivenbyMr.Smith.当句中含有return,write,find,buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语，同时要注意介词的搭配。如：Ireturnedhimthebook.fThebookwasreturnedtohim.（注意用to）Hewrotemeashortnote.fAshortnotewaswrittentome.（注意用to）Hefoundmeanumbrella.fAnumbrellawasfoundforme.（注意用for）Iboughthersomeflowers.fSomeflowerswereboughtforher.（注意用for）【说明卜般说来间接宾语前带:o的动词有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw间接宾语前带for的动词有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,sav等。（4）动词believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。（5）短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略，短语动词应当看作一个整体。如：Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她从未动过手术。Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的计划大家都嘲笑。Wecan’tlookdownuponanybody.—Anybodycan’tbelookeddownupon.Thedoorkeeperturnsoffthelightsat11pmeveryday.—Thelightsareturnedoffat11pmbythedoorkeepereveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.—Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把todo变成tobedone（五）不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.如，Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（对）Thepricehasrisen.（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（错）Thepricehasraised.（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（错）Pleaseseat.（对）Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）动词形式上是被动的，但实际上是“系动词+表语”结构，一般学习方法是靠平时积累。如：Heisseatedatthedesk.他坐在桌旁。Theboywaslostinthestreet.男孩在街上迷路了。Thegirlisdressedinaredskirt. 这个女孩穿着红裙子。Hewasdrunkinthebar.他在酒吧喝醉了。Mydreamisgonewiththewind.我的梦随风而去了。3）当break,wash,sell,burn,read,clean,run,ride,wear,write,open,close等动词有状语修饰时，用主动形式表示被动意义。Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易碎。Theclothwasheswell.这种布料很好洗。Thisnewbooksellswell.新书很畅销。Drywoodburnseasily.干柴易燃。Theletterreadsasfollows.信的内容如下。Theglasscleanseasily.这些杯子易洗。Thenewcarrunswell.这辆新车跑得很正常。Mynewbikerideswell.我的新自行车很好骑。Theshoeswearlong.这种鞋子很耐穿。Thepenwritessmoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。Theshopopensat9amandclosesat9pm4）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto如，Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.5）系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.6）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.7）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）Shelikestoswim.（错）Toswimislikedbyher.二、复习时需要注意的要点（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。(3)在短语seesb.dosth,中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,hear等，以及使役动词make,let等。［小试］用括号中动词的适当形式填空。TheMid-AutumnFestival(celebrate)inChinaI(ask)bymymothernottotouchthedogyesterday.Booksofthiskind(sell)verywell.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet,theroom(paint).Theboy(bringup)inthecountryside.Agoodjobmelastyear.(offer)Key:1.iscelebrated 2.wasasked3.sell4.isbeingpainted5.wasbroughtupwasofferedto初中英语被动语态专项练习()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputersallovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry..A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold( )8Anewhouseatthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking( )13Thesepapersyet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeetbehelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?( )16thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Whytotalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20WheretheseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater( )22Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended( )24Theoldbridgeinmyhometownnextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25TheplayatthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown( )26Theoldstonebridgenextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27Nowthesemagazinesinthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepot forhotwater.A.used;keeping B.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29TeainthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30Thebridgestwoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31Wetclothesareoftenupnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33Theteapotwater.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwellandpolitely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35Oldpeoplemust.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36Newly-bornbabiesinhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37Theywereatthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens( )38Thesewallsstone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39JanetosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40Thepaperstothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()41Thecoathersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42IfiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43Goodcaresuchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44Shewillgoodcare.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45Theteachermadehimhishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46Theboystreetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47Thesechildrendance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48Thesestoneswell.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49Thebike