老托福PART-C段子93篇

1

Communityserviceisanimportantcomponentofeducationhereatour

university.Weencourageallstudentstovolunteerforatleastone

communityactivitybeforetheygraduate.Anewcommunityprogram

called"OneOnOne"helpselementarystudentswho'vefallenbehind.

Youeducationmajorsmightbeespeciallyinterestedinitbecauseitoffers

theopportunitytodosometeaching—thatis,tutoringn.家庭教师;导师;（大

专院校的）助教；课本vt.&vi.当家庭教师：任大学导师；任课inmathandEnglish.

You'dhavetovolunteertwohoursaweekforonesemester.Youcan

choosetohelpachildwithmath,English,orboth.Half-hourlessonsare

fine,soyoucoulddoahalfhourofeachsubjecttwodaysaweek.

ProfessorDodgewillactasamentorn.（无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问

tothetutorshe'llbeavailabletohelpyouwithlessonplansortooffer

suggestionsforactivities.HehasofficehourseveryTuesdayand

Thursdayafternoon.Youcansignupfortheprogramwithhimandbegin

thetutoringnextweek.I'msureyou'llenjoythiscommunityserviceand

youHgainvaluableexperienceatthesametime.Itlooksgoodonyour

resume,too,showingthatyou'vehadexperiencewithchildrenandthat

youcareaboutyourcommunity.Ifyou'dliketosignup,orifyouhave

anyquestions,stopbyProfessorDodge'sofficethisweek.

2

Ihopeyou'veallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurance”.保险，

保险业；保险费：保险；保险措施

adj.［体］巩固球队领先局面，使对手不能因增加一分而成平局的

sothatyou'repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.But,beforewestart,I'd

liketomentionafewthingsyourtext课本doesn'tgointo.It'sinteresting

tonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsomeformforaverylongtime.The

earliestinsurancepolicieswerewhatwecalledbottomry船舶抵押契约

contracts.Theyprovidedshippingprotectionformerchants商人asfar

backas3000B.C.Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethan

verbaladj.词语的；言语的；口头的；动词的

agreements.Theygrantedvt.承认；同意；准许；授予

n.拨款：补助金；授给物（如财产、授地、专有权、补助、拨款等）

vi.同意

loanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticularshipmentof

goodswaslostatsea,theloandidn'thavetoberepaid.Interestonthe

loansvariedaccordingtohowriskyitwastotransportthegoods.During

periodsofheavypiracyn.海匕抢劫；盗版行为，非法复制

atsea,forexample,theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywent

upconsiderably.So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourage

internationaltrade.Eventhemostcautiousadj.小心的,谨慎的

merchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsoverlong

distances,nottomentioninhazardousadj.冒险的；有危险的；碰运气的

adv.冒险地，有危险地

n.冒险，危险

weatherconditionswhentheyhadthiskindofprotectionavailable.

Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenpretty

muchthesamesincetheMiddleAges.Therearefourpointsthatwere

salientadj.显著的，突出的；重要的，主要的：跳跃的；（指角）凸出的

n.凸角，［建］突出部；＜军＞进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分

thenandremainparamountadj.最高的，至上的；最重要的，主要的；卓越的；有最

高权力的

n.最高，至上；有最高权力的人；元首，首长

inallpoliciestoday.Thesewereoutlinedinchaptersixandwillserveas

thebasisfortherestoftheoftoday'sdiscussion.Cananyonetellmewhat

oneofthosepointsmightbe?

3

LocatedattheNASAabbnNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration美国国家航空

和宇宙航行局ResearchCenterinIowaisa5,000-gallonvatn.（酿造，制革等用

的）大桶，大缸；vt.把……盛入大桶；把……放入大桶里染（处理）；在大桶里处理

ofwater,andinsidethetankn.油［水］箱;坦克；贮水池;酒量大的人vt.把贮放

在柜内;打败isanunderwatertreadmilln.踏车；单调的工作;（锻炼身体的）跑步机

designedbyDavaNewman,anaerospacen.航空与航天空间adj.宇宙空间的，宇

宙航行的engineer.ForfouryearsNewmanobservedscuban.7K肺，便携式水下

呼吸器diversn.潜水员；跳水者，跳水运动员；潜鸟;〈俚〉潜水艇astheysimulated

vt.假装，冒充；模仿：模拟；|生|拟态adj.模仿的；假装的walkingontheMoonand

onMarsonherunderwatermovingbeltn.腰带；区域；传送带；带状物.She

wantedtodiscoverhowthegravityoftheMoonandofMarswouldaffect

humanmovement.Todothis,Newmanattachedvt.&vi.贴」:，系；附」:

weightsn.重量，体重；电担，重任;重要：［统］权，加重值，权重tothediversand

thenloweredvt.&vi.（使）降低，（使）跌落themintothetankandontothe

treadmill.Theseweightswerecarefullyadjustedvt.&vi.（改变…以）适应,调

整，校正；调准（望远镜等），对准，校正，校准（机械等）；sothatthediverscould

experienceunderwaterthegravityoftheMoonandofMarsasthey

walkedonthetreadmill.NewmanconcludedthatwalkingonMarswill

probablybeeasierthanwalkingontheMoon.TheMoonhaslessgravity

thanMarsdoes,soatlunargravity,thediversstruggledtokeeptheir

balanceandwalkedawkwardly.adj.难对付的，棘手的：笨拙的，不及活的；不顺手

的；不优美的ButatMartiangravity,thedivershadgreatertractionn.拖拉；牵

引力;附着摩擦力andstabilityandcouldeasilyadjusttoapaceof1.5miles

perhour.AsNewmangraduallyincreasedthespeedofthetreadmill,the

diverstooklonger,gracefulstridesuntiltheycomfortablysettledintoan

evenquickerpace.NewmanalsonotedthatatMartiangravity,thedivers

neededlessoxygen.ThedataNewmancollectedwillhelpinthefuture

designofMartianspacesuits,n.太空服Comparedtolunarspacesuits,

Martianspacesuitswillrequiresmallerairtanks;and,toallowforfreer

movement,theelbown.肘部；弯头，扶手；肘形管，弯管andkneen.膝；膝盖vt.

用膝盖碰areasofthespacesuitswillalsobealtered.vt.改变；更改；改建（房屋）；

（人）变老vi.改变；修改

4

WelcometoEvergladesNationalPark.TheEvergladesisawateryadj.含水

的，水分多的；水一般的：无味的；有雨意的plaincoveredwithsawn.锯；谚语，格

/grassthat'shometonumerousspeciesofplantsandwildlife.Atoneand

ahalfmillionacresn.英亩;土地，耕地；［口］大量

,it'stoobigtoseeitalltoday,butthistourwillofferyouagoodsampling,

n.抽样；取样；（乐曲的）节录；选录OurtourbuswillstopfirstatTaylorSlough.

泥坑,泥沼Thisisagoodplacetostartbecauseit'shometomanyofthe

plantsandanimalstypicallyassociatedwiththeEverglades.You'llsee

manyexoticadj.异国的：外来的：异乎寻常的，奇异的；吸引人的

birdsand,ofcourse,ourworldfamousalligators鳄鱼.Don'tworry,

there'saboardwalkn.（常在海滨）用木板铺成的小道thatgoesacrossthemarsh,

soyoucanlookdownattheanimalsinthewaterfromasafedistance.

Theboardwalkishighenoughtogiveyouagreatviewofthesawgrass

prairien.（尤指北美的）大草原，大牧场；草原地带；〈美方〉林中空地

.Fromtherewe'llheadtosomeothermarshyandevenjunglelikeareas

thatfeaturewonderfultropicalplantlife.Forthoseofyouwho'dlikea

closerviewofthesawgrassprairie,youmightconsiderrenting租赁a

canoesometimeduringyourvisithere.However,don'tdothisunlessyou

haveaverygoodsenseofdirectionandcannegotiatevi.顺利通过

yourwaythroughtallgrass.We'dhatetohavetocomelookingforyou.

Youhavethegoodfortuneofbeinghereinthewinter-thebesttimeof

yeartovisit.Duringthespringandsummer,themosquitoeswilljust

abouteatyoualive!Rightnowthey'renotsobothersome讨厌的，but

you'llstillwanttouseaninsectrepellent.防水剂：驱虫剂：消肿药

5

Thankyou.It'sgreattoseesomanyofyouinterestedinthisserieson

"SurvivalinOuterSpace."Pleaseexcuse原谅;为...申辩;免除，宽免；给

免去thecameras,we'rebeingvideotapedvt.把...录在录像磁带上forthelocal

TVstations.TonightI'mgoingtotalkaboutthemostbasicaspectof

survival—thespacesuit.Whenmostofyouimagineanastronaut,that's

probablythefistthingthatcomestomind,right?Well,withoutspace

suits,itwouldnotbepossibleforustosurviveinspace.Forexample,

outerspaceisavacuum-there'snogravityorairpressure;without

protection,abodywouldexplode.What'smore,we'dcookinthesunor

freezevi.凝固，结冰；冻伤，冻死intheshadewithtemperaturesranging变化

fromatoastyadj.温暖舒适的，烤面包片的300degreesabovetoacool300

degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.ThespacesuitthatNASAhasdeveloped

istrulyamarveln.奇迹：令人惊奇的事物（或事例）

.Thisphotoenlargementn.放大；放大物；放大的照片

hereisalife-sizeimageofanactualspacesuitwornbyastronautsonthe

lastspaceshuttlemission.Thispartisthetorson.（人体的）躯干：妪干雕塑像；

.It'smadeofsevenextremelydurableadj.耐用的，耐久的；持久的；长期的

layers.Thisthickinsulation绝缘或隔热的材料protectsagainst

temperatureextremesandradiation.Nextiswhattheycalla"bladder"n.<

解〉膀胱；囊，袋；［植物学］囊状物；［病理学］水疱，包囊

ofoxygenthat'saninflatableadj.可膨胀的，可充气的

sac,filledwithoxygen,tosimulate模仿atmospheric大气的pressure.

ThisbladderpressesagainstthebodywiththesameforceastheEarth's

atmosphereatsealevel.Theinnermostlayersprovideliquidcoolingand

ventilationn.空气流通；通风设备；通风方法；公开讨论

.Despiteallthelayers,thesuitisflexibleadj.灵活的；易弯曲的：柔韧的；易被说

服的

,allowingfreemovementsowecanwork.Anotherreallysophisticated

adj.复杂的；精致的；富有经验的；深奥微妙的

partofthespacesuitisthehelmet.Ibroughtonealongtoshowyou.Can

Ihaveavolunteercomeanddemonstrate?

6

Goodevening.MynameisPamJones,andonbehalfoftheModem

Danceclub,I'dliketowelcomeyoutotonight'sprogram.Theclubis

pleasedtopresenttheTVversionofTheCatherineWheel圆花窗，车轮形窗，

TwylaTharp'srockballet.Thisvideoversionoftheballethasbeeneven

moresuccessfulwithaudiencesthantheoriginaltheaterproduction.It

includessomeanimation动画片制作,动画片摄制;［影视］动画片,slowmotion

慢动作，andstop-actionfreezesthatreallyhelptheaudienceunderstand

thedance.ThetitleofthepiecereferstoSaintCatherine,whodiedona

wheeln.轮子：旋转：Wheels汽车：有…轮子的汽车（或自行车等）in307A.D.

Nowadays,aCatherinewheelisalsoakindoffirework.Itlooks

somethinglikeapinwheel.Anyway,thedanceiscertainlyfullof

fireworks!You'llseehowTwylaTharpexploresvt.探索,探究,仔细查看one

family'sattemptn.试图；尝试；试图夺取或攻克（堡垒、要塞等）；试图征服（高山）

toconfronttheviolenceinmodemlife.Thecentralsymbol标志ofthe

workisapineapple,butexactlywhatitrepresentshasalwayscreateda

lotofcontroversy?•论.Asyouwatch,seeifyoucanfigureitout.The

musicforthispieceisfulloftherhythmicadj.有韵律的,有节奏的;格调优美的;

周期性的；合拍的energyofrockmusic.ItwascomposedbyDavidByrne.Of

therockbandTalkingHeads?Andtheleaddancerinthisversionwas

SaraRudner,whoisperfectlysuitedtoTharp'sadventurousadj.爱司险的：大

胆的；危险的Choreographyn.编舞艺术；舞蹈编排.Followingthevideo,dance

teacherMaryParkerwillleadadiscussionaboutthesymbolismn.象征主:

义，象征手法Ms.Tharpused.Wehopeyoucanstayforthat.So,enjoy

tonight'svideoandthankyouforyoursupport.

7

Inourlabtoday,we'llbetestingthehypothesisthatbabiescancountas

earlyasfivemonthsofage.Thesixbabiesherearealllessthansix

monthsold.You'llbewatchingthemonclosed-circuitadj.闭路式的TVand

measuringtheirresponses.Theexperimentisbasedonthe

well-establishedobservationthatbabiesstarelongeriftheydon'tsee

whattheyexpecttosee.First,we'regoingtolettwodollsmoveslowlyin

frontofthebabies.Thebabieswillseethetwodollsdisappearbehinda

screen.Yourjobistorecord,inseconds,howlongthebabiesstareatthe

dollswhenthescreenisremoved.Inthenextstage,twodollswillagain

moveinfrontofthebabiesanddisappear.Butthenathirddollwill

follow.Whenthescreenisremoved,thebabieswillonlyseetwodolls.If

we'reright,thebabieswillnowstarelongerbecausetheyexpectthree

dollsbutonlyseetwo.Itseemsremarkabletothinkthatsuchyoung

childrencancount.Myownresearchhasconvincedmethattheyhave

thisabilityfrombirth.Butwhethertheydoornot,perhapsweshould

raiseanotherquestion.Shouldwetakeadvantageofthisabilityby

teachingchildrenmathematicsatsuchayoungage?Theyhavegreat

untappedadj.（有用或宝贵的东西）未开发的，未利用的；未开塞的

potential,butisitgoodforparentstopressureyoungchildren?

8

BeforestartingourtourofMonticello,I'dliketogiveyousomehistorical

factsthatmighthelpyouappreciatewhatyouseetodayevenmore.

MonticellowastheverymuchlovedhomeofThomasJeffersonforover

fiftyyears.Jefferson,whowas,ofcourse,President,wasalsoagreat

readerandlanguageenthusiastn.热情者，热心者；热衷于的人；狂热者；宗

教狂.Hereadwidelyondifferentsubjects,includingarchitecture.He

wasn'tformallytrainedinarchitecture,butasaresultofhisstudyand

observationofotherbuildings,hewasabletohelpdesignandbuildthe

house.Hechosethesitehimself,namingtheestaten.财产:，遗产:，房地产

"Monticello,"whichmeans"littlemountain"inItalian.Infact,manyof

theideasbehindthedesignalsocamefromtheItalianarchitectAndrea

Palladio,wholivedinthesixteenthcenturyandwhohadagreatinfluence

onthearchitectureofEngland.Jefferson,however,ignoredoneof

Palladio'sprinciples,thatis,nottobuildinahighplace.Monticello's

elevationmadethetransportationofwhatwasneededatthehouse-for

example,food-especiallydifficult.Buttheviewfromtheestatewould

notbeasspectacularadj.场面富丽的，壮观的；引人注意的：惊动时的：惊人的

ifJeffersonhadfollowedPalladio'sadvice;therereallyisnoboundary

betweenthehouseandthenaturearoundit,andsoJeffersonwasableto

lookoutonhisbelovedstateofVirginiafromhiswonderfulvantagen.优

势，有利地位point.Nowwe'llgoontoJefferson'slibrary.

9

Nowthatwe'veallintroducedourselvestothenewmembers,let'sget

downtowork.Asthecommitteeinchargeofthisyear'stree-planting

project,wehaveseveralitemsonouragendan.议事日程；待议诸事项一一览表；.

First,wehavetoreviewthebudgetn.预算；预算案；预算拨款；・束

.Thepresidenthasinformedmethatthetrustees（公司、学院）理事haveset

aside$3,000forthepurchaseoftreesandourenvironmentalT-shirtsale

netted净赚aprofitof$1,500.Second,wehavetofinalizevt.完成；使结束：

使落实vi.把...最后定下来：定案thechoiceoftrees.Asyouknow,we're

workingwithRichardson'sNursery苗圃againthisyearsinceeveryone

seemedpleasedwiththeworkhedidforuslastyear.Mr.Richardsonhas

presenteduswithseveralchoiceswithinourpricerangethathethinks

wouldmeetourneeds.He'ssentuspicturesofthetreesforustolookat,

buthewantedmetotellyouthatwe'rewelcometovisitthenurseryifwe

wanttoseethetreesthemselves.Lastly,weneedtoplansomekindof

ceremonytocommemoratetheplanting.Severalideas,includinga

gardenpartyofsomesort,havebeensuggested.Solet'sgetonwithitand

turntothefirstorderofbusiness.

10

WelcometotheFourWindsHistoricalFarm,wheretraditionsofthepast

arepreservedforvisitorslikeyou.Today,ourmasterthatchersn.茅屋匠

willbegingivingthisbam谷仓behindmeasturdyadj.强壮的，健全的；坚固

的，耐用的；坚定的；精力充沛的thatchedadj.茅草盖的：浓密的，毛茸茸的roof,able

towithstandheavywindsandlastuptoahundredyears.Howdotheydo

it?Well,inanutshell简言之，thatchingn.茅屋，用茅草盖屋顶involves

coveringthebeamsn.梁orraftersn.椽；筏夫，thewoodenskeletonofaroof

withreedsorstraw.Ourthatchersherehaveharvestedtheirownnatural

materialsforthejob,thebundlesofwaterreedsn.芦羊youseelyingover

therebesidethebam.ThatchingiscertainlyuncommonintheUntied

Statestoday.Iguessthat'swhysomanyofyouhavecometoseethis

demonstration.Butitwasn'talwaysthatway.Intheseventeenthcentury,

thecolonistsherethatchedtheirroofswithreedsandstrawn.稻草，justas

theyhaddoneinEngland.Afterawhile,though,theybegantoreplace

thethatchwithwoodenshingles木瓦板becausewoodwassoplentiful.

Andeventually,otherroofingmaterialslikestone,slaten.石板，andclay

tilesn.瓦片cameintouse.It'sarealshamethatmostpeopletodaydon't

realizehowstrongandlonglastingathatchedroofis.InIreland,where

thatchingisstillpracticed,theroofscansurvivewindsofuptoone

hundredtenmilesperhour.That'sbecausestrawandreedsaresoflexible.

Theybendbutdon'tbreakinthewindlikeothermaterialscan.Another

advantageisthattheroofskeepthehousecoolinthesummerandwarm

inthewinter.Andthen,ofcourse,there'stheroofs'longevityn.长寿；寿命

一theaverageissixtyyears,buttheycanlastuptoahundred.Withall

thesereasonstostartthatchingroofsagain,wouldn'titbewonderfulto

seethisdisappearingcraftreturntopopularity?

11

AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStatesarecoffeedrinkers.Overthelastfew

years,atrendn.走向;趋向;时尚,时髦hasbeendevelopingtointroduce

premiuma.高级的，优质的,speciallyblendedvt.混合coffees,knownas

"gourmetn.美食家，讲究吃喝的人coffees"intotheAmericanmarket.Boston

seemstohavebeenthebirthplaceofthistrend.Infact,majorgourmet

coffeemerchantsfromothercitieslikeSeattleandSanFranciscocameto

Boston,wheretodaythey'reengagedvt.A\'U：使从事（某种事业等）；吸引或引起

（注意、兴趣等）；与（某人）交战inakindof"coffeewar"withBoston's

merchants.Theyareallcompetingforasignificantshareofthegourmet

coffeemarket.Surprisingly,thecompetitionamongtheseleading

gourmetcoffeebusinesseswillnothurtanyofthem.Expertspredictthat

thegourmetcoffeemarketintheUnitedStatesisgrowingandwill

continuetogrow,tothepointthatgourmetcoffeewillsooncapture,俘

获；夺取；夺得；引起（注意、想像、兴趣）halfofwhatisnowa1.5-million-dollar

marketandwillbean8-million-dollarmarketby1999.Studieshave

shownthatcoffeedrinkerswhoconverttogourmetcoffeeseldomgo

backtotheregularbrandsfoundinsupermarkets.Asaresult,these

brandswillbethereallosersinthegourmetcoffeecompetition.

12

Youmayrememberthatafewweeksagowediscussedthequestionof

whatphotographyis.Isitart,orisitamethodofreproducing（reproduce）

vt.&vi.复制，谑现，再版images?Dophotographsbelonginmuseumsorjust

inourhomes?TodayIwanttotalkaboutapersonwhotriedtomakehis

professionaladj.专业的；专业性的lifeananswertosuchquestions.Alfred

StieglitzwentfromtheUnitedStatestoGermanytostudyengineering.

Whilehewasthere,hebecameinterestedinphotographyandbeganto

experimentwithhiscamera.Hetookpicturesunderconditionsthatmost

photographersconsideredtoodifficult.Hetookthematnight,intherain,

andofpeopleandobjectsreflectedinwindows.Whenhereturnedtothe

UnitedStateshecontinuedtheserevolutionaryefforts.Stieglitzwasthe

firstpersontophotographskyscrapers,clouds,andviewsfroman

airplane.WhatStieglitzwastryingtodointhesephotographswaswhat

hetriedtodothroughouthislife:makephotographyanart.Hefeltthat

photographycouldbejustasgoodaformofself-expressionn.（以艺术、文

学创作等方式）自我表现，个性表现aspaintingordrawing.ForStieglitz,his

camerawashisbrush.Whilemanyphotographersofthelate1800'sand

early1900'sthoughtoftheirworkasareproductionofidenticalimages,

Stieglitzsawhisasacreativeartform.

Heunderstoodthepowerofthecameratocapturethemoment.Infact,he

neverretouchedvt.润色，修描（照片）hisprintsormadecopiesofthem.Ifhe

wereinthisclassroomtoday,I'msurehe'dsay,"Well,paintersdon't

normallymakeextracopiesoftheirpaintings,dothey?"

13

So,uh...asJimsaid,JamesPolkwastheeleventhPresident,and...

uh...well,myreport'saboutthenextPresident—ZacharyTaylor.Taylor

waselectedin1849.It'ssurprisingbecause...well,hewasthefirst

Presidentthatdidn'thaveanypreviouspoliticalexperience.Themain

reasonhewaschosenasacandidatewasbecausehewasawarhero.In

thearmy,hismencalledhim"OldRoughandReady".Iguessbecauseof

his..."roughedges."Hewaskindofbluntadj.钝的，不锋利的；迟钝的：H

率的；呆板的andhedidn'treallylooklikeamilitaryhero.Helikedtodo

thingslikewearciviliann.平民，百姓：市民；文官：民法学者adj.民用的：平民的

clothesinsteadofauniform,eveninbattle.Andhewassoshortand

plumpadj.十:满的；肥胖的hehadtobeliftedupontohishorse.Buthedid

winalotofbattlesandhebecamemoreandmorepopular.So,theWhig

partydecidedtonominatehimforthepresidency,eventhoughnoone

knewanythingaboutwherehestoodontheissues.Icouldn'tfindmuch

abouthisaccomplishments,probablybecausehewasonlyinofficeabout

ayearandahalfbeforehedied.Butonething,hepushedforthe

developmentofthetranscontinentaladj.横贯大陆的，大陆那边的railroad

becausehethoughtitwasimportanttoformalinkwiththeWestCoast.

Therewasalotofwealthn.财产inCaliforniaandOregonfromcommerce

andmineralsn.矿物；矿彳i；矿物质andstuff.Also,heestablishedan

agriculturalbureaun.局；intheDepartmentoftheInteriorandpromoted

moregovernmentaidtoagriculture.Well,that'saboutallIfound.LikeI

said,hediedinofficein1850,sohisVicePresidenttookover,andthat's

thenextreport,so...thankyou.

14

Iwanttowelcomeeachandeveryballoonn.气球；热气球enthusiastto

Philadelphia.Thankyouforcomingherethismorningtocommemorate

thefirstballoonvoyageintheUnitedStates.OnJanuary9,1793,atten

o'clockinthemorning,asilkn.丝，蚕丝；丝绸，丝织物balloonliftedintothe

skiesabovethiscity,whichwas,atthetime,thecapitalofthecountry.

Accordingtotheoriginalrecordsoftheflight,thevoyagelastedforty-six

minutes,fromitsdepartureinPhiladelphiatoitslandingacrossthe

DelawareRiverinNewJersey.Thoughourpilotstodaywilltryto

approximatevi.接近于:近似于theoriginallandingsite,they'reatthemercy

of任凭支配thewinds,sowhoknowswherethey'lldriftoff逐渐

离去to.Eventheballoonistin1793experiencedsomeuncertainweather

thatday.Therewereclouds,fogn.雾，andmistinvariousdirections.Our

reenactmentn.再次展现（相同的事件）promisestobenothinglessthan

spectacularn.壮观的场面.Theyellowballoondirectlybehindmeisfive

storieshigh.It'sinflatedvt.&vi.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）withhelium1＞.＜化＞氨,

unliketheoriginal,whichwasfilledwithhydrogenand,unbeknownsta.

不为人所知的tothepilot,potentiallyexplosive.Gas-filledmodelsare

prettyuncommonnowbecauseoftheextremelyhighcost,sotheeighty

otherballoonsintoday'slaunch投掷arehotair,heatedbypropanen.丙烷

burners喷烧器.Theseballoonsarefromalloverthecountry.

15

I'mgladyoubroughtupthequestionofourinvestigationsn.（正式的）调查,

研究；侦查；科学研究；学术研究intothemakeupoftheEarth'sinterior.Infact,

sincethisisthetopicn.I题ofyourreadingassignmentfornexttime,let

mespendtheselastfewminutesofclasstalkingaboutit.Therewere

severalimportantdiscoveriesintheearlypartofthiscenturythathelped

geologistsdevelopamoreaccuratepictureoftheEarth'sinterior.Thefirst

keydiscoveryhadtodowithseismicadj.地震的waves.Remembertheyare

thevibrationscausedbyearthquakes.Well,scientistsfoundthatthey

traveledthousandsofmilesthroughtheEarth'sinterior.Thisfinding

enabledgeologiststostudytheinnerpartsoftheEarth.Yousee,these

studiesrevealedthatthesevibrationswereoftwotypes:compressionn.压

缩orPwavesandshear［力］切力orSwaves.AndresearchersfoundthatP

wavestravelthroughbothliquidsandsolids,whileSwavestravelonly

throughsolidmatter.In1906,aBritishgeologistdiscoveredthatPwaves

sloweddownatacertaindepthbutkepttravelingdeeper.Ontheother

hand,Swaveseitherdisappearedorwerereflectedback,soheconcluded

thatthedepthmarkedtheboundarybetweenasolidmantleandaliquid

core.Threeyearslater,anotherboundarywasdiscoveredthatbetweenthe

mantleandtheEarth'scrust.There'sstillalottobelearnedaboutthe

Earth.Forinstance,geologistsknowthatthecoreishot.Evidenceofthis

isthemoltenlavathatflowsoutofvolcanoes.Butwe'restillnotsure

whatthesourceoftheheatis.

16

Todaywe'regoingtopracticeevaluating（e）vt.评价themaintoolused

whenaddressinggroups—thevoice.Therearethreemainelementsthat

combinetocreateeitherapositiveornegativeexperienceforlisteners.

Theycanresultinavoicethatispleasingtolistentoandcanbeused

effectively.Ortheycancreateavoicethatdoesn'tholdattention,oreven

worse,causesanadverseadj.不禾ij的reaction.Thethreeelementsare

volume,pitch,andpace.Whenevaluatingvolume,keepinmindthata

goodspeakerwilladjusttothesizeofboththeroomandtheaudience.Of

course,withanamplifyingdevicelikeamicrophone,thespeakercanuse

anaturaltone.Butspeakersshouldnotbedependentonmicrophones;a

goodspeakercanspeakloudlywithoutshouting.Thesecondelement,

pitch,isrelatedtothehighnessorlownessofthesounds.Highpitchesare,

formostpeople,moredifficulttolistento,soingeneralspeakersshould

usethelowerregistersn.音区oftheirvoice.Duringapresentation,it's

importanttovarypitchtosomeextentinordertomaintaininterest.The

thirdelement,pace,thatishowfastorslowwordsandsoundsare

articulatedvt.清晰地发（音）；甫语表达；（用关节）连接，shouldalsobevaried.A

slowerpacecanbeusedtoemphasizeimportantpoints.Notethatthe

timespentnotspeakingcanbemeaningful,too.Pausesoughttobeused

tosignaltransitionsn.过渡orcreateanticipationn.期待,希望：预期，预测.

Becauseapausegivesthelistenerstimetothinkaboutwhatwasjustsaid

oreventopredictwhatmightcomenext,itcanbeveryeffectivewhen

movingfromonetopictoanother.WhatI'dlikeyoutodonowiswatch

andlistentoavideotapeandusetheformsIgaveyoutoratevt.估价;值得；

责骂；定级

thespeakingvoicesyouhear.ThentonightIwantyoutogohomeand

readapassageintoataperecorderandevaluatevt.评价yourownvoice.

17

Let'sproceedvi.进行：前进；（沿特定路线）行进：（尤指打断后）继续说tothemain

exhibitn.展览，陈列;展览品;公开展示hallandlookatsomeoftheactual

vehiclesn.车辆;交通工具；传播媒介,媒介物thathaveplayedaprominentadj.

突出的，杰出的；突起的；著名的roleinspeedingupmaildelivery.Considerhow

longitusedtotaketosendaletteracrossarelativelyshortdistance.Back

inthe1600'sittooktwoweeksonhorsebackadv.在马背上togetaletter

fromBostontoNewYork,adistanceofabout260miles.Crossingariver

wasalsoachallenge.Ferryservicewassoirregularthatacarriern.搬运人；

运输公司wouldsometimeswaithoursjusttocatchaferryn.渡船.For

journeysinland,therewasalwaysthestagecoach,buttheridewasbyno

meanscomfortablebecauseithadtobesharedwithotherpassengers.The

postofficewasprettyingeniousaboutsomeroutes.Inthenineteenth

century,intheSouthwesterndesert,forinstance,camelswerebroughtin

tohelpgetthemailthrough.InAlaska,reindeern.＜动〉驯鹿wereused.This

practicewasdiscontinuedbecauseofthedisagreeabletemperamentn.性

格；（人或动物的）气质；易冲动；（性情）暴躁oftheseanimals.Wellstop