高考总复习英语（北师大版）Unit21HumanBiology（选修七）

/14/14/Unit21HumanBiology目前，科技的发展如此之快已超出了我们的想象，克隆技术成为世界上最先进的技术之一。针对这一技术，有人支持，有人却反对。根据下面的表格，用英语写一篇100词左右的文章，并阐述自己的态度和看法。支持1.制造器官挽救生命(如：治愈癌症)；2.帮助不能生育的人拥有孩子；3.帮助想克隆自己去世的亲人的人。反对1.对人的生命不再尊重，生命将不再唯一；2.在动物界创造出更多的疾病；3.使地球人口激增。你的看法……________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________imagination.Cloningtechnologies.Isitisbeyondourimagination.Cloningisoneofthemostadvancedtechnologies.Isitgoodorbad？Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Somepeopleareinfavorofcloningtechnology.①benefit.Firstlycancer.Secondlythemselves.Besidesbenefit.Firstly，itcanbeusedtoproducevaluabletissuesandorgansthatcouldbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.Secondly，itcanhelpthosewhoareunabletohaveababybutwantababygeneticallyrelatedtothemselves.Besides，itcanhelpthosewhowanttoclonetheirdeadrelatives.However，afewpeopleobjecttoit.Theybelievecloningshowsnorespectforhumanlife，andhumanlifewouldnolongerbeunique.Moreseriously，itwouldcreatemorediseasesintheanimalworldandcauseEarth’spopulationtoincreasefast.②Inmyopinion，althoughthetechniqueisbeneficialtomankindinmanyaspects，cloninghumanbeingswillbeatthecostoftheexistenceofmankinditself.根据①句临摹临摹1：许多人赞成这个计划，因为它有益于身体健康。Manypeopleareinfavouroftheplan，becauseitisof________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.根据②句临摹临摹2：尽管他的英语差，但是经过努力他已经取得了巨大进步。________________________________________________________________________，hehasmadegreatprogressafterhardwork.答案：1.greatbenefittopeople’shealth2．ThoughhisEnglishispoorⅠ.核心单词识记(一)写作单词识记1.abuse(vt.2.seek(vt.3.cater(vi.)满足；迎合4.scan(n.)扫描5.postpone(vt.)推迟，延期6.unite(vt.)联合；团结；统一7.pause(n.)停顿；暂停8.foresee(vt.)预见9.thorough(adj.)彻底的；细致的10.rob(vt.)使丧失；抢劫11.decline(vi.)下降12.submit(vt.)提交13.vote(vi.)表决14.circumstance(n.)情形；情况15.prohibit(vt.)禁止16.faith(n.)信心(二)阅读单词识记1．intervaln.间隔；间歇2．circulatevi.循环3．routinen.常规；惯例4．temporaryadj.临时的；短暂的5．fundamentaladj.根本的，基础的6．contradictvt.与(其他事物)相矛盾7．underlinevt.表明重要性；强调8．deadlinen.截止日期，最后日期9．compulsoryadj.强制性的，义务的(三)核心单词拓展1．tolerate(vt.)容忍→tolerant(adj.)容忍的；宽容的→tolerance(n.)容忍；忍受2．oppose(vt.)反对→opposition(n.)反方；对立面→opposite(adj.)相反的；对面的→opposed(adj.)反对的3．violate(vt.)违反；违背→violation(n.)违反；妨碍4．minimum(n.)最低；最小→maximum(n.)最高，最大5．equip(vt.)使有准备→equipment(n.)设备；装备6．fortune(n.)大笔钱财，巨款；运气→fortunate(adj.)幸运的→fortunately(adv.)幸运地7．enquiry(n.)询问→enquire(vt.)询问；调查8．extension(n.)延期→extend(v.)延长9．concern(n.)担心；担忧→concerned(adj.)关心的；担忧的→concerning(prep.)关于；有关Ⅱ.核心短语背诵1.atallcosts不管多大代价；无论如何2.straightaway立刻，马上3.invain徒然，白费力气4.atrandom随便地，随意地5.wipeout彻底毁灭6.stopsth.initstracks终止；消灭7.atanyrate无论如何；至少8.bringup生育；养育；呕吐；引述9.gothrough经历；通过10.putoff推迟11．getdownto开始做12．getthrough通过(考试等)；完成13．focuson聚焦；集中；对准14．forgood(andall)永远；永久15．missout遗漏；遗忘；错过机会Ⅲ.经典句式精练1．BenJohnsonwouldstillbe(可能仍然是)the100metresworldrecordholderifhehadnotbeencaughttakingdrugs(如果他没有被查出服用兴奋剂)inthe1988Olympics.(混合虚拟的用法)2．Unfortunately，itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs(很难查出服用禁药的运动员)．(it作形式主语)3．Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgeneschanged(改变了他们的基因)mightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.(havesth.done)4.Itisourbrainthatinterpretsthesesignals(正是我们的大脑翻译了这些信号)andbuildsupapictureoftheoutsideworld.(强调句型)5.Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months(在18个月的时间里夺去了多达5,000万人的生命)，withatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheold，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory.(havingdone作状语)6.Heshouldhavegoneearlier(他本来应该早些去的)，buthehadignoredthepainsothathecouldcontinueracing.(情态动词＋havedone)7.Withalltheinternationaleffortbeingmade(随着国际间的共同努力)，wehavetohavefaiththattherewillbesolutionsintimetostopaBirdFluepidemicinitstracks.(with复合结构作状语)8．However，thisisthefirsttimeI’vebrokenmyleg(这是我第一次摔断腿)．(Thisisthefirsttime...句型)Ⅳ.课文语法填空根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整。TheOlympicspirithasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.Nowrecords1.havefallen(fall)intrackandfieldduetobetterequipment，traininganddietsincethe2.first(one)OlympicGames.Butwecameacrosstheissueofperformance-enhancingdrugs,3.whichisknownasdoping.Someathleteswhoabusethedrugsrisk4.facing(face)serioushealthproblemsinlaterlife.Theyseek5.toachieve(achieve)beyondtheirnaturallimits.Itiscompulsoryforwinnersto6.betested(test)butotherparticipantsareonlytested7.atrandom.What’smore，“gene-therapy”willbethenextbigthreat.Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgenes8.changed(change)mightbeabletodobetter9.thantheyshouldbeso10.ifdopingandgene-therapycontinuetoaffecttheoutcomesofmajorsportingevents，theword“hero”willhavelostallmeaning.[联想微空间]1.annual相关形容词全扫描①weekly每周的②monthly每月的③daily每日的④quarterly每季度的⑤hourly每小时的⑥minutely每分钟的2.oppose近/反义词大全①rejectv．拒绝②objectv．反对；不赞成③agreev．同意→disagreev．反对④agreementn．同意→disagreementn．不同意⑤approvev．赞成；批准→disapprovev．不赞成⑥approvaln．赞成；批准→disapprovaln．不赞成3.“开始/着手做某事”短语精选①getdowntodoingsth.②setouttodosth.③setaboutdoingsth.④settledowntosth.⑤start/begindoing/todosth.(对应学生用书P164)seek(sought，sought)vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图[高考佳句](2015·重庆卷)Besides，businessesseektoappealtocustomers’senses.此外，商业公司寻求吸引顾客们的感官。考点必记seeksth.fromsb.向某人请求/寻求某物seekafter/forsb.(sth.)寻求某人(某物)seekone’sfortune寻找成功(致富)的机会seekout找出；寻出seektodosth.试图做某事单句语法填空①Onewaychildrenseekmoreattentionfromparentsisbymakingthemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblings，particularlyiftheyarecloseinage.孩子们寻求父母更多关注的一种方式是通过使自己与兄弟姐妹不同，尤其是当他们年龄相仿时。②Everyyear，newgraduatesareseekingforjobssuitableforthemselves.每年都有新的大学毕业生在寻找适合自己的工作。③Theysoughtoutahandyspotwheretheymightsitdownandrest.他们找到了一个可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。[语境助记]HetoldusthathewasgoingtoBeijingtoseekhisfortuneandIsuggestedthatheshouldseekadvicefromhisteacherandshouldn’tseekafter/forcomfort，personalfameorgain.他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议对这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。robv．使丧失；抢劫；盗窃；剥夺[有道词典]Mrs.Yacoubwasrobbedofher￡3,000designerwatchatherWestLondonhome.雅各布夫人那块价值3000英镑的名牌手表在西伦敦的家中被人抢走了。考点必记robsb./sp.ofsth.抢某人/某地的某物stealsth.fromsb./sp.从……那里偷某物robberyn．抢劫robbern．盗贼；强盗用rob的正确形式填空/同义句改写①Armedrobbersbrokeintoajeweller’sthroughaholeinthewall.全副武装的劫匪通过墙上的洞进入了珠宝店。②Themanisservingasentenceforrobberywithviolence.那个人因为暴力抢劫而服刑。③Thebankwasrobbedandshutdown，butreopenedlastweek.那所银行因遭抢劫而关闭，但是，上周重新开业。Robbedandshutdown，thebankreopenedlastweek.(用过去分词作状语改写句子)opposevt.&vi.反对；反抗[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.许多农民反对这个计划，因为害怕狼会吃他们农场的牲畜和宠物。考点必记(1)opposedoingsth.反对做某事opposesb.doingsth.反对某人做某事(2)opposedadj.相反的；对立的beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立单句语法填空①Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeeding(feed)ababyregularly.我一贯反对定时地喂婴儿。②Weallstronglyopposedriving(drive)afterdrinking.我们都强烈反对酒后驾车。③Theparentsstronglyopposedtheirdaughtergoing(go)therealone.父母极力反对女儿单独去那里。表示“反对”的短语荟萃：prohibitvt.禁止，阻止[教材原句]SincetheSARSepidemicended，scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstoprohibitanyfutureoutbreaks.“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们就一直在做医学实验以预防将来再次爆发。考点必记(1)prohibit(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事(2)prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事(3)prohibitionn．禁止；禁令同义句改写Somepeoplethinkthatit’snecessarytoprohibitpeople’susingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.→①Somepeoplethinkthatit’snecessarytoprohibitpeoplefromusingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.→②Somepeoplethinkthatit’snecessarytoprohibitusingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.一些人认为在一些地方很有必要禁止(人们)使用手机。[写作佳句]14departmentsareworkingtogethertoprohibitthehuntingofwildanimalsintheprovince.14个部门正在共同努力禁止在全省猎捕野生动物。类似于“prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.”的表达法荟萃：declinevi.&vt.下降；衰退；谢绝n．下降；衰退[高考佳句](2017·江苏卷)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.年轻劳动力急剧下降的情况可能会在中国出现。考点必记(1)declinetodosth婉拒做某事(2)declinein/ofsth在某方面减少/下降onthedecline走下坡路，在衰退中fall/gointo(a)decline开始衰落，陷入衰退(1)写出下列句中decline的词性和含义①Iinvitedhertomywedding，butshedeclinedmyinvitation.v.谢绝②Thecompanyreportedasmalldeclineinitsprofits.n.下降③Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastmonth.v.下降④IndustryinBritainhasbeenindeclinesincethe1970s.n.衰退(2)单句语法填空⑤Theintensecompetitionfromoverseashascausedthecottonindustryfallintoadecline.来自海外的激烈竞争导致国内棉花产业的衰退。(3)单句改错⑥Thepopulationisinthedecline.in→on或去掉the[写作佳句]Ireallyappreciateyourinvitation，butImustdeclineitbecauseIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.非常感谢你们的邀请，但我不得不谢绝。因为我有一个非常重要的会议要参加。equipvt.使有准备；配备；装备[牛津]Theboysequippedthemselveswithtorchesandrope，andsetoff.男孩们带上火把和绳索出发了。考点必记(1)equip...with...用……装备……equip...forsth/todosth为了……而装备……beequippedfor/todosth为……装备好；做好准备(2)equipment[U]n．设备，设施完成句子①Theemergencyservicesareequippedtodealwithdisastersofthiskind.急救队配有装备，可处理此类灾难事件。②(2017·天津卷)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment(equip)，allowingmorepatientstobetreated.那所医院最近得到了新的医疗设备，从而可以使更多的病人得到治疗。③Theyareskillswhichequipthemforrealsituationstheymightfaceintheirlives.这些技能可以让他们应付生活中可能会发生的真实状况。[写作佳句]Goodeducationisofgreatvitalforeveryone.Youreducationwillequipyouforyourfuturelife.好的教育对每一个人都非常重要。你所受的教育将使你能适应今后的生活。[名师指津]equipment是不可数名词，表示一件设备时，用apieceofequipment。submitvt.提交；递交vi.&vt.服从，屈服[教材原句]Youweresupposedtosubmititonthe14thJune.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。考点必记submit...to...把……提交给……；向……提出submitsb/oneselfto使某人/自己甘受，服从submitto服从于，屈服于单句语法填空①Hesaidthathehadsubmittedthereportonthemattertothedirector.他说他已经把关于这件事的报告上交给了主任。②Theyhadtosubmittoathoroughbodysearchattheairportforthesakeofsafety.为了安全起见，在机场，他们不得不接受仔细的搜身检查。③Theyhadtosubmitthemselves(they)tohisjudgement.他们不得不服从他的判决。[名师指津]在submit...to...短语中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交，提交”；而在submitto短语中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从，屈服”。concernv．影响；涉及，与……有关；让某人担忧；n.担心，忧虑；关心[有道词典]TheAmericanladydoesn’tconcernherselfwithpolitics.那位美国女士不关心政治。考点必记concernedadj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的asfarassb.beconcerned就某人而言eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beconcernedabout/for,concernoneselfabout/for))对……担心/关心eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beconcernedwithsb./sth.,concernoneselfwithsb./sth.))与……有关concerningprep.关于单句语法填空①Concerning(concern)thetoll-freepolicyontheexpressway，whatconcerns(concern)usmostisthetrafficjamswhilesomeareconcerned(concern)about/forthesafety.②Concerned(concern)aboutthestudent，theteachercalledhisparentstofindoutwhyhewassooftenabsentfromclass.③(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料)．[写作佳句]AsfarasI’mconcerned，ridingbicyclesisagoodsolution.就我而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决办法。atallcosts不惜代价地，无论如何[牛津]Youmuststopthepressfromfindingoutatallcosts.你必须不惜一切代价阻止媒体查明真相。考点必记(1)atthecost/expenseof...丧失，牺牲；以……为代价atacostof...以……的费用/价格atanycost以任何代价(2)costsb.sth.花某人……，使某人付出/丧失用cost的相关短语填空①Palmoilismadeatthecostofvaluableforests.以丧失珍贵的森林为代价制造棕榈油。②Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.新兴科技已经使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。③Wearedeterminedtoobtainourrightsatanycost.我们决定要不惜一切代价获取我们的权利。[写作佳句]Imustfinishtheworkbytomorrowatallcosts/atanycost.ForIhaveanotherurgenttasktodothedayaftertomorrow.我无论如何得在明天之前完成这项工作。因为后天我还有一个紧急的工作要做。atanyrate无论如何；不管怎样；至少[教材原句]Iftrendscontinuethewaythey’regoing，theninmyopinion，yes—indevelopedcountriesatanyrate.如果趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那样。考点必记atthis/thatrate照此情形；如此下去atthe/arateof以……的速度或比率；以……的价格完成句子①Atanyrate，Ideterminedtowaitforhisdefinitereply.无论如何，我决心等他给我一个肯定的答复。②Localbusinessesareclosingatarateofthreeayear.地方企业正在以每年三家的速度关闭。③Ifyougoonatthatrate，youwillinjureyourhealth.如果你继续那样下去的话，你会把身体搞垮的。[写作佳句]Hedoesn’tunderstandme，oratanyratenotfully.他并不了解我，至少是了解得不全面。wipeout彻底毁灭；全部摧毁[教材原句]Epidemicscanwipeoutuptohalfofthepopulationinurbanareas.流行病可以毁灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。考点必记wipeaway擦掉，清除掉wipesth.off/from...从……上擦去某物wipedown/up彻底揩擦干净单句语法填空①IhastilywipedupthemilkIhadspilled.我连忙把洒出来的牛奶擦干净。②Yourarmsaremycastle；yourheartismysky.TheywipeawaytearsthatIcry.你的手臂就是我的城堡，你的心就是我的天空。他们擦去我哭泣的眼泪。[写作佳句]Firstly，Icollectedallthebooks，newspapersandotherthingsscatteredintheroomsandputtheminplace.ThenIwipedthedustoffallthefurniture.首先，我把所有的书籍、报纸和其他的散落在屋子里的东西收集起来放好，接着我扫去所有家具上的灰尘。toleratevt.忍受；容忍单句语法填空①Hewon’ttolerateanyonequestioning(question)hisdecisions.②Perhapsyouneedtobetolerantofyourneighbors.③Ihaveahightoleranceto/towardthatstuff.④Hewasbeyondtoleranceatlast，andleftangrily.caterv．迎合；满足需求；提供饮食及服务单句语法填空①Ournewspaperstrytocaterfor/toallopinions.②It’saholidaycompanythatcatersfortheelderly.③Whoiscateringforyourdaughter’swedding?④It’sthekindofmoviethatcaterstotheworstsideofhumannature.postponevt.推迟；延期(1)单句语法填空①Wearepostponingourtripuntiltheweatherisfine.②Ourschoolhasdecidedtopostponeholding(hold)thesportsmeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.③Thesummersportsmeetinginourschoolhasbeenpostponed(postpone)forseveralweeksfortheheavyrain.(2)单句改错④Theydecidedtopostponestartthetrip，owingtothechangeoftheweather.start→startingcircumstancen．环境；情况；情形完成句子/单句语法填空①Undernocircumstancesmustyouleavethehouse(你必须离开房子)．②Youmustnotmentionyourcolleagueunderanycircumstances(在任何情况下)．③IranandIraqalsohavethepotentialtoexportmore，ifcircumstancesallow/permit(如果情况允许)．④Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.⑤Today，we’lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.invain枉费心机，白费力气，徒劳无益单句语法填空/完成句子①Moneyspentonthebrainisneverspentinvain.②Shewasvainof/abouthergoodlooks.③Thepolicetriedinvain/vainlytobreakuptheprotestcrowds.警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但是没有成功。atrandom随便地，随意地单句语法填空/单句改错①Youcanchoose7numbersatrandom.②Theythrowoutallofthesebehaviorsra