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考研英语词汇基础

(文章后附有启航2010招生简章)

核心词汇突破

词汇是语言的基本元素,词汇量小就读不懂阅读,写不出文章。因此,背单词是学英语关键的一步。考研英

语难,其中词汇更是一道难关,虽然考试中不考词汇题,但是从阅读、翻译、写作等多方面都考到了对词汇的灵

活掌握和具体运用,也就是说,只有真正掌握理解了才能考出好成绩。

鉴于广大考生以前参加过四、六级,大都具备了一定的语法和词汇知识,所以,在这里将着重讲述考研英语

测试中将要运用到的词汇难点与重点。

第一节名词的理解与运用

一.英语中的名词在句子中的作用如下:名词在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补、同位语等。

①Pricesrangefrom$6to$19foradozenshortorlongroses.

②Nothingsayslovelikeadozenlong-stemmedrosesonValentine\Day.

(3)It5sgoingtoremainthemostpopularflowerbecauselovenevergoesoutofstyle.

④Thisisaprivatefirmthatstudiestheflowerindustry.

⑤Themodemwhitefurnitureandwall-to-wallmirrorsgivethestoreanexpensivelook.

⑥Weconsideritagoodopportunitytostudyabroad.

⑦Somewomenarenormallyinactivebutthenallofasuddenstartaprogramofintensetraining,anactionwhich

violatesthelawsofsportsscience.

二.常用的后缀

①.表示“人”意义的名词后缀

-Ant——

immigrant(移民)applicant(申请人)assistant(助手)

descendant(后代)pollutant(污染物)inhabitant(居民)

-An-ian-・・・人

Arabian(阿拉伯人)Asian(亚洲人)Australian(澳大利亚人)

Italian(意大利人)musician(音乐家)librarian(图书管理员)

physician(内科医生)politician(政治家)technician(技术工)

historian(历史学家)magician(魔术师)comedian(喜剧家)

-Ee--人(被动)

employee(雇员)refugee(难民)payee(收款人)

absentee(缺席者)examinee(考生)trainee(受训者)

-Er/-eer/-or人

Daughter/owner,lawyer,trainer(教练)barber(理发师)

butcher(屠户)carrier(运输者)/ancestor(祖先)

bachelor(单身汉)conductor(指挥者)director(主任)

senator(议员)operator(操作者)sponsor(赞助者)

worshipper(崇拜者)mountaineer(登山人)profiteer(投机倒把者)

sightseers(观光者)volunteer(志愿者)pioneer(先马区)

-Ent人

correspondent(记者)client(客户)parent,resident(居民)

patient(病人)agent(代理人,中介)patent(专利)

-ist人,主义者

Scientistlinguist(语言学家)therapist(治疗家)

controversialist(好争论者)activist(活动家)novelist(小说家)

nationalist(民族主义者)physicist(物理学家)psychologist(心理学家)

tourist(游客)geneticist(基因学家)motorist(汽车司机)

②.表示“关系、特征”等意义的名词后缀

-ship状态,性质

friendship(友谊)hardship(困境)leadership(领导身份)

membership(会员资格)ownership(所有关系)relationship(关系)

scholarship(学者身份)comradeship(同志身份)professorship(教授身份)

-hood身份,性质,时代

childhood(儿童时代)neighborhood(邻里)likelihood(可能性)

livelihood(生计)boyhood(男孩时代)

-ance/-ence性质,状态

acceptanceacquaintance(熟识)advance(进步)

allowance(补贴)appearance(出现,外表)appliance(器具)

conscience(良知)resistance(阻挡)insurance(保险)

nuisance(讨厌)performance(表现)resemblance(相似性)

-cion-sion-tion动作,状态

consumption(消费)assimilation(吸收、同化)comprehension(理解)

depression(沮丧,萧条)desperation(绝望)invention(发明)

invasion(侵略)modernization(现代化)permission(容许)

possession(拥有)suspicion(怀疑)tension(紧张)

transmission(输送,传递)industrialization(工业化)notification(通知)

-ism—主义Americanism(WJ主义)heroism(英雄主义)consumerism

-mania——反常行为或狂热soccermania=soccer-mad

-holic--痴迷者,疯狂者workaholic(工作狂)

-ment运动

agreement(协议)appointment(约定,任命)argument(观点)

arrangement(安南F)monument(纪念碑)movement(运动)

parliament(议会)payment(支付)lacement(替换

requirement(要求)settlement(解决)atment(治疗,

-ness性质,状态」

_

casualness(随意)illness(疾病)carelessness(粗心)

sleeplessness(失眠)言益喜新WW・ail^hness(我cbm

friendliness(友好)greatness(伟大)happiness

-cide—suicide(自杀)insecticide(杀虫剂)pesticide(杀虫剂)

-cy--

literacy(识字)accuracy(准确性)tendency(倾向)

policy(政策)emergency(紧急情况)intimacy(亲密)

efficiency(效率)sufficiency(足够)dependency(依赖)

-Ery--

fishery(渔业)machinery(机械)misery(痛苦)

mystery(神秘性)discovery(发现)delivery(送,发表演说)。

-ry——poetry(诗歌)citizenry(公民)entry(加入,进入)

-age状态,集合表亓状态

voyage(航海)advantage(好处)baggage(行李)

courage(勇气)garbage(垃圾)storage(储存)

luggage(行李)beverage(饮料)damage(破坏,损害)

-al叩proval(赞成、批准)arrival(到达)interval(间隔)removal(搬,移走)

-ing--行动,行业,的being(生命体)beginning(开始)ending(结束)。

ity——

uniformity(统一,一致)curiosity(好奇性)personality(个性)

reality(现实)publicity(宣传)similarity(个性)

icsAology学科

psychology(心理学)technology(技术)ideology(思想体系)

anthropology(人类学)geology(地质学)physics(物理学)

2

-th-—结果,过程warmth(温暖)truth(真理,真实性)width(宽度)

-ty-一

liberty(自由)specialty(专长,特长)anxiety(焦虑)

advisability(可行性)unpredictability(不可预测性)

-phobia--对…过度恐惧claustrophobia(幽闭恐怖症)

英语中有少数名词的单、复数形式在词义方面相当不同或绝对不同。例如:

Lastnight,IhadwordswithMr.Bob,thegroupleader,foralongtime.Wehadverygoodwords.Inshorts,Iwas

touchedbyhisconfidencesandIwasverysatisfiedwiththelastwordssaidbyMr.Bobaboutthepossibilityofour

project.

类似的词还有:affairs(事物,事情),airs(气氛),arms(武器),ages(很长一段时间),authorises(当局,

政府),brains(智力),clothes,celebrities(名人),customs(海关),drinks(饮料),experiences(经历),goods,greens

(绿叶,植物),grounds(理由),lessons(教训),manners(礼貌,规矩,风格),means(方法,手段),minutes

(会议记录),news,pains(努力,辛苦),peoples(种族,民族),papers(报纸、考卷、论文、文件),quarters

(住所,住处),sands(沙滩),spirits(情绪),sights(景观),times,terms(条件、术语),works(作品)。

名词中还有些仅以复数形式出现,如:spectacles(眼镜),trousers(裤子),findings(调查结果),savings(储

金),belongings(所有物,财产),surroundings(环境),teachings(教导),earnings(薪水),remains(遗物),thanks

(感谢),regards(问候)。

三.主题名词的重复、指代和替换

Doweneedlawsthatpreventusfromrunningriskswithourlives?Ifso,thenperhapslawsareneededprohibiting

(禁止)thesaleofcigarettesandalcoholic(烈性)drinks.Bothproductshavebeenknowntokillpeople.Thehazards

(危险)ofdrinkingtoomuchalcoholareasbadasorworsethanthehazardsofsmokingtoomanycigarettes.Allright

then,let'spassalawclosingtheliquorstoresandbarsinthiscountry.Let'sputanendforevertothedangerousdisease

fromwhichasmanyas10millionAmericansnowsuffer■——alcoholism(酗酒).

四.真题阅读

4.1Repetitionrepetitionofthesamewordsorwordgroups

Paragraph1

Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.By

splittingup[hesubjectmatterintosmalleiunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasis

forfurtherresearch.Butsorcializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocess

ofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.(01)

1.Thedirectreasonfbrspecializationis

[A]thedevelopmentincommunication.

[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation.

[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge.

[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties.

4.2主题名词定词义

Paragraph2

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore

commercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themore

potentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospread

Internetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,

Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatisverygoodnewsbecausethe

Intemelmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe'veeverhad.

2.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit.

[A]offerseconomicpotentials[B]canbringforeignfunds

[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld

4.3上下义词解题(考研真题多次出现)

Paragraph3

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheanti-sciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,

fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswho

advocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceand

longsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedabout

uncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-science,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

[A]Environmentalistswereblamedforanti-scienceinanessay.

[BJPoliticiansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofanti-science.

[C]Thegovernmentofficerstendtotagothersasanti-science.

[D]Allorganizationsarejustifiableintaggingthemselvesas“anti-science”.

五.名词中同义词和近形词

1.表示“能力”意思的词语:Ability,capability,competency,faculty,capacity,gift,talent

2.表示“目的、目标”意思的词语:Aim,purpose,aim,intent,intention,goal,objective,end.

3.表示“关系、联系”意思的词语:Ties,bonds,connection,association,relations,combination,relationship,

interrelations,relevance,interrelations.

4.表示“差别”意思的词语:Difference,distinction,differentiation

5.表示“资本、资金”意思的词语:Capital,fund,money,

6.表示“个人”意思的词语:Person,people,folks,individuals

7.表示“意义、含义”意思的词语:Meaning,significance,implication,connotation,

8.表示“部分、成分”意思的词语:Part,element,ingredient,component,factor,section,fragment

9.表示“不平等、歧视”意思的词语:Inequality,bias,prejudice,discrimination

10.表示“对手、支持者”意思的词语:Opponent,rivals,enemy,proponent,advocates

11.表示“商品”意思的词语:Commodity,goods,

12.表示“将来”意思的词语:Future,prospect,

13.表示“理由”意思的词语:Reason,ground,cause.

14.表示“后代、子孙”意思的词语:Offspring,descendant,posterity,children

15.表示“错误”意思的词语:Blunder,error,mistake,

16.表示“基础”意思的词语:Basis^foundation,grour

17.耒示“会议”意思的词语:Assembly,conference,congreeting,gathering,

party。

18.字形相似的词:welfare(福利),warfare(前争),farewell

19.字形相似的词:attitude(态度),altitude(海拔,高度3,magnitu(,multitude(多数),aptitude(天

资,天赋),latitude(纬度,地区,gratitude(感谢)

20.字形相似的词:convention(习俗,传统),conversion(变化,转换),conviction(坚定的信念或看法),conservation

(保存,保持),conversation(交谈)

六.名词与介词的搭配

1.Hegainedadvantageoverotherboys./takeadvantageoftheopportunity.

/What'syourimpressionofher?/Hisspeechmadeanimpressionontheaudience.

/Thereisagreatneedforinternationalunderstanding./inneedofsomething.

/Hehasapreferencefor(喜欢)fbreignmovies.

/Ishouldchooseteainpreferencet。coffee.

Ihavemadeasearchtothemissingpaper.Wearestillinsearchofthemissingboy.

/Ihavegotconfidence___you.IamconfidentyoursuccessinEnglishexams.

Shetookgreatprideheruniquebeauty./Sheisproudherownbeauty.

Heprideshimselfhisindependentvoice.

ComprehensionExercise

1.Theimprovement,inventionanduseofaseries^/instruments

2.Thenotionofnotdiscriminatingonthebasisofinborntalent

3.AstudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia

4.Theselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividual

5.Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwater

第二节动词的理解与运用

4

一.动词的分类及用法

根据意义和句法功能,动词可分类为:实义动词,系动词,情态动词,助动词。

实义动词指有实在的意义,能独立做谓语的动词,如mean,study,love等。

系动词是联系主语和表语,说明其关系并与表语一起构成名词性复合谓语的动词。除be之外主要的系动词

还有:remain,stay,keep(保持);become,get,go,grow,turn,come,(变得);look,sound,seem,taste,smell,feel,holdo

情态动词有一定的意义但不完整,仅表示说话人之“情态”,和原形动词构成动词性复合谓语。Can/could;may/

might;must/oughtto/need;dare;shall/will;should/would;

助动词be,have,do无实在意义,只帮助中心动词构成不同的时态、语态、语气等。

短语动词主要有以下几种构成方式:

不及物动词+副词,如:stayup(熬夜),lookout(小心),breakout(爆发),goup(上升,爆炸),takeafter

(像),dieout(灭绝,消亡),setout(出发).

不及物动词+介词,如:breakinto(闯入),goafter(追求),gothrough(经历),passon(传递),runinto

(碰上),sitfor(参与),standfor(代表).

及物动i司+副3司,4口:giveup,see...off,show...around,hand...over,put...off,pick...up

不及物动3司+副词司,或口:putupwith,standupto,doawaywith,fallbackon,liveupto.

及物动词+名词+介词,如:makefunof,takecareof,payattentionto,catchsightof.

动词+动词+介词,如:makedowith(将就用),letgoof(置之不理)

动词阅读练习(注意动词短语的搭配)

1.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.

这样一来,购物就成了公众的一项民主活动。

2.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.

美国人不再把繁荣看成是理所当然的事。

3.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.

一般情况下,这些猴子很乐意用石块来换黄瓜片。

4.StraitfbrdpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolfbrboth

informationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sdream.

Straitford公司的总裁GeorgeFriedman说,他把在线世界看作是一种信息收集和发布的互动工具,是间谍头子

的理想世界。

5.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—"theworstsortof

ambulance-cashing.^^

Question:WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaccordingtothesentence?

[A]Hethinkshighlyoftheworkofconsultants.

[B]Theconsultantsareofferingconsiderablehelpinmoneymatters.

|C]Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothing.

[D]Theconsultantsaredealingwithemergencies.

他对重组顾问们做的大量工作不屑一顾,因为那些完全是垃圾——典型的“劳而无获工

6.NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclone

humansbybodycellnucleartransfer.NBAC委员们表示:他们将呼吁由私人赞助的研究人员和机构不要试图通

过人体细胞核移植技术来克隆人。

7.1havebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall",preachedbyLindaKelseyfor

thepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

我已从一个“获得(拥有)一切”哲学(琳达・凯茜过去七年中在《她》这本杂志所宣扬的)的积极倡导者,变

成了一个乐于接受任何东西只要一丁点的女人。

8.Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstest-takingand

mechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.

Question:WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaccordingtothesentence?

[A]Foreignersputemphasisonthebasics.

[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.

|C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.

[D]Test-takingismoreimportantthanself-expression.

尽管日本因强调基础知识而受到外国人的称赞,但是其教育往往强调应试和机械性学习而忽视了创造性及表现

个性。

9.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel'sreport:

“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditis

criticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovide

concerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.但科学可以为我们提供面向未来的最好的指引,我国和全世界都要

根据科学对于我们目前行动给未来造成的影响所做的最佳判断来制定重要政策,这是十分重要的。

Question:AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas

[A]aprotector[B]ajudge[C]acritic[D]aguide

10.Thereportidentifiestheunder-treatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalprocedures

thatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying'*asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.

Question:Accordingtothereport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis.

[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain

[C|systematicdrugabuse[D|insufficienthospitalcare

二.英语中的名词和动词是同一词形的单词及某些名词去掉后缀变动词

account(for)解释advocate(倡导者)decline(下降,衰退)control(控制)

view(观点,看法)desire(理想)exchange(交换)fear(畏惧)

end(目的)cause(事业)guide(领导者)base(基础)

value(价值)place(放)hand(交)preserve(专利)

stem(来自)class(种类,分类)force(力量)note(注意到)

play(戏剧)share(一份)cost(代价)half(是一半)

record(记录))return(回报Jtrap(陷、卡住)hook(钩住)

keyin(嵌入)post(刊登)match(匹配)arm(武装)

conversationconverse(交谈)computer(计算机)一compute

resident—reside(居住)presidentpresideover(主吉寺)

chairmanchair(主持)excellent——excel(擅长)

..常用的动词同义词归纳

表示“导致”意思的词语:Leadto,giveriseto,givebirthto,contribi,causeto,Itfrom,

2表示“面对、偶遇”意思的词语:Confront,beconfrontedwith,face,icedwith,:twith,encounter,

3表示“集中于”意思的词语:Centeron,focuson,concentrateon

4表示“对付、with,copewith.handleXn^le^0

5表示“消失”意思的词语:Disappear,vanish,perishV14«3faCOfTl

6粒”减少、增力口”意思的词语:Diminish,lessen,decrease,drop,reduce,fall,/accumulate,increase,rise,soar,rocket

7表示“依靠、依赖”意思的词语:Relyon(upon),dependon(upon),counton(upon),reston(upon)

8表示“变化”意思的词语:Change,turn,vary/range,alter,transform,shift,

9表示“指控”意思的词语:Chargewith,accuseof,suefor

10.表示“克服、战胜”意思的词语:Overcome,conquer,defeat,

11.表示“获得、得到”意思的词语:Achieve,obtain,get,accomplish,earn,attain,secure,acquire,gain

12.表示“抓住”意思的词语:Catch,seize,capture,catchholdof,grab

13.表示“限制”意思的词语:Limit,confine,restrict

14.表示“强迫”意思的词语:compel,constrain,force,oblige

15.表示“责怪”意思的词语:blame,condemn,reproach,scold

16.表示“困惑、迷惑”意思的词语:bewilder,puzzle,confuse,embarrass,perplex

17.表示“赞扬、称赞"意思的词语:applaud,clap,commend,praise

18.表示“扩大、力口强”意思的词语:amplify,enlarge,stretch,magnify,reinforce,expand

19.表示“声称”意思的词语:affirm,assert,allege,claim,announce,proclaim

20.表示“调整、改变”意思的词语:adjust,regulate,rectify,amend,convert,alter,modify,transform,vary。

四.动词后缀

-en,-em使.成为

enable(使能够)encourage(鼓励)enforce(实施)enlarge(扩大)

entitle(有权利做)empower(授权)endanger(危害)enjoy(喜欢)

enrich(变富,使丰富)ensure(确保)enact(执行)enclose(密封、关)

encounter(遭遇)engage(从事、忙于)enhance(促进)enlighten(启发)

embarrass(使尴尬)enlist(招收)enroll(登记、招收)embark(开始)

6

-en做,使变成...

fasten(系好)harden(使坚固)lengthen(加长)threaten(威胁)

loosen(放松,松弛)widen(拓宽)weaken(削弱)strengthen(加强)

hasten(急忙,赶快)shorten(缩短)brightenbroaden

・ify…化,使成为…,变成

beautify(美化)intensify(加剧)horrify(使恐怖)clarify(澄清)

identify(辨认,识另U)justify(认为合理)specify(指定,详述)solidify(巩固)

purify(洁净,净化)qualify(胜任,有资格)classifyexemplify

-ize…化,照...样子做

apologize(道歉)maximize(最大化)organize(组织)utilized吏用)

mobilize(动员)criticize#比评)publicize(宣传)visualize(想象)

democratize(民主化)characterize(概括)specialize(专攻)realize(实现)

industrialize(工业化)revolutionize(彻底改革)recognize(认出)civilize(使文明)

第三节形容词的理解与运用

形容词的要点

形容词:1)形容词的认知能力和辨别能力;2)词形及词义相近的形容词的区分;3)形容词和介词的搭配。

1.词形相近的形容词。如:sensible,sensitive,sensational;respectable,respectful,respective

2.同义词和反义词。如wonderful的同义词有:marvelous,excellent,extraordinary(不寻常的),remarkable(非

凡的)等。如generous的反义词有mean,stingy,selfish等。

3.形容词和动词的转换。如:indicate--beindicativeof(说明);support--besupportiveof,receive-bereceptive

to(乐于接受的);inquire—beinquisitiveabout(咨询的)等。

4.名词和形容词的转换。如:defect—defective(有缺陷的),intention-intentional等。

5.以-ly结尾的单词的词性。名词加-ly多构成形容词。如:friendly,likely,sunny,womanly,worldly等。

6.不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的变化形式。如:原级比较级最高级badworseworstgoodbetterbest,little,

less(lesser)least,farfarther(further)farthest(furthest)

7.含有绝对概念或无最高级的词:most,uttermost,foremost,least,first,last,all,every,any,each,none,absolute,

entire,whole,total,perfect,excellent,thorough,complete(ly),certainly,sure(ly),necessary,essential,indispensable

8.表示极限、主次、等级的有:maximum,minimum,utmost,main,major,chief,minor,superior,inferior,seniorjunior,

super,favorite,ultimate,final,just,very

9.唯一性only,sole(ly),unique(ly),exclusive(ly),mere(ly),simply,alone

二.副词的用法:

1)修饰形容词:Theflowerisverybeautiful.

2)修饰动词:Hestudieshard.

3)修饰其他副词:Heworksveryhard.

4)修饰名词词组:Evenachildcandoit.

5)修饰全句:Probablyhewillcomeback.

副词在阅读中的作用,放在句(段)首的副词作用极为重要,它通常对后面的内容有制约作用。尤其是转折

副词。

1.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwo

monkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoining(相邻的)cages,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgetting

inreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

2.Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisers

stilldon'ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch.

三.形容词和副词同义词归纳

1.表示“与.有关/联系,'意思的词组:Berelevantto,berelatedto,betiedto,belinkedto,beassociatedwith,be

connectedwith,becombinedwith,beboundupwith.

2.表示“好”意思的词语:wonderful,excellent,good,super,superb,magnificent,first-class,remarkable,fantastic,

outstanding,cool,splendid.

3.表示“充足”意思的词语:sufficient,enough,adequate,rich,abundant,plentiful

4.表示“不足”意思的词语:lack,beshortof,forwantof,forlackof,

5.表示“可怕、有害”意思的词语:dreadful,terrible,frightening,horrible,awful,harmful,bad,detrimental,adverse,

unfavorable,negative.

6.表示“有能力做”意思的词语:becompetentin/as/todo,becapableof,bequalifiedfor/as,beableto

7.表示“传统、习惯”等有关的词语:traditional,conventional,customary,habitual,social,global

8.表示“许多、大量”意思的词语:many/much,alotof/lotsof7,alargenumberof,alargeamountof,plentyof,

plentiful,considerable,ample,numerous,countless,

9.表示“合不合适”意思的词语:right,proper,suitable,appropriate,fit,improper,unsuitable,inappropriate,unfit

10.表示“效果、效率”意思的词语:effective,effectual,efficient,sufficient

11.表示“合不合理"的词语:logical,reasonable,sensible,rational,/illogical,unreasonable,irrational

12.表示“倾向于"意思的词语:belikelyto,beliableto,beinclinedto,beaptto,tendto

13.表示“意不意识到”的词语:beawareof,beconsciousof,beunawareof,beunconsciousof,subconscious(潜意识

的)

14.表示“简短”意思的词语:brief,concise,inbrief,inshort

15.表示“合不合法”意思的词语:legitimate,lawful,legal,illegal,

16.表示“精确、准确”意思的词语:accurate,precise,exact,

17.表示与“身体”有关意思的词语:bodily,physical,mental,spiritual,materialistic,

18.表示“态度”意思的词语:optimistic,pessimistic,objective,subjective,impartial,

19.表示与“谨慎、小心”有关意思的词语:careful,cautious,prudent,careless,carefree

20.表示“虚弱”意思的词语:weak,fragile,frail,invalid,feeble,vulnerable

21.表示“基本”意思的词语:basic,elementary,fundamental,primary

22.表示“天生”意思的词语:inborn,innate,inherent,gifted,talented

23.表示“普遍、一般“意思的词语:average,common,general,universal,usual

24.表示“明显的,

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