完整名词性从句

#名词性从句高考焦点指南在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why主语从句在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。ThatEnglishisdifficultisnotmyidea.有人认为英语很难，我可不认为Thattheworldisroundisafact.Thatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflightiscommonknowledge.Whetheritwilldousharmremainstobeseen。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：It+be+名词+that从句It+be+形容词+that从句It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(4)It+不及物动词+that从句Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itisapity(ashame,afact，nowonder,etc.)that・・・Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that・・・Itseems，happen，etc，thatItisobviousthathedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.ItisafactthattheworldisroundItiscommonknowledgethatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflight.宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。.由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词弓|导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot”时；e.后接动词不定式时。例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他来还是不来。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告诉我是去还是留？.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：Iknow（that）hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．.It不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wethinkitpossiblethatthepricewillrise.find/make/see/hear/feel/think・・・+it+adj./n.+that…句型中，it作形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语从句,不能省;三.表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，可接表语从句的系动词有（be，look，seem，etc），有时用asif引导。不用if引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That’sjustwhatIwant.这正是我想要的。Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，（1）当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning（2），表示“建议，劝告，命令”含义的名词后表语从句中，谓语动词要用“should+do”，should可以省略。此类词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal等。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartearlytomorrow。四、同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthebattlesoonspreadoverthewholecountry.（同位语从句）Thenewsyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.（定语从句）Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.（that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明，that在其中不充当具体的句子成分）Iwon’tbelievethefact（that）hetoldme.（that引导定语从句对fact进行限定，that在该从句中充当宾语）①ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（that引导同位语从句对news的具体内容进行说明，that在其中不充当具体的句子成分）ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news，第二个that引导表语从句）Thesuggestion（that）heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）Thesuggestionthatthestudents（should）haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that弓［导同位语从句）五、注意几组易混连词的使用what与thatthat引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。而且引导名词性从句的what在任何情况下都不能省略。例如：Thathewillsucceedisobvious.（引导主语从句的that不在其中充当具体的句子成分）Whatshetoldmeisnottrue.（what在其引|导的主语从句中作宾语）hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Whether2）肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的宾语从句，否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引导的宾语从句，例如：Idoubtwhetherit’strue.Idoubtifthatwaswhathewanted.Idon’tdoubtthatyouarehonest.专项考点练习thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsayscausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereItworriedMaryalotshewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.howShanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlikeitusedtobe.A.whatB.howC.thatD.whichisnopossibilityBobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whetherLittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmasterhehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whatD.whereTheoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowprettyuptobeduringthepastfewyears.A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrowC.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown8.HaveyouseenMarylately?MybosswantstoknowA.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong9.surprisedmemostwassuchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddoIcantosavethem.A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whicheverhelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.ThepersonEatyoulikeandleavetheothersforcomesinlate.A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoevershecouldn’tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that14.Itwashesaid___disappointedme.A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldierstothefront.A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgoThetruevalueoflifeisnotin,but.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegiveWeareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionA.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoffGoandgetyourcoat．It'syouleftit．A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethereSarahhopestobecomeafriendofsharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho20.Youcan’timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedKeys:15AAABA610CDABA1115CCAAC1620BAACB【Exercises】：Thesephotographswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikehowdoesourvillagelooklikehowourvillagelookslike(89)2.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wheredidAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(90)3.Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike(91)4.--Wehaven'theardfromJanealongtime.--Whatdoyousupposetoher?A.washappeningB.hashappenedCtohappenD.havinghappened(91)5.Goandgetyourcoat.It'syouleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere(92)C.therewherethe2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That(92)hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryonepresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThatfactD.Thematter(93)8.--Doyourememberhecame?--Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.it(94)9.wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what(95)11.Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.HoweverlateheisDr,BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Ican'tremember.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that13.Whydoyouwantanewjobyou'vegotsuchagoodonealready?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when(98)16．－－IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where(99)YoushouldmakeitaruletoleavethingsyoucanfindthemagainA.whenB.whereC.thenD.there(99)We'llhavetofinishthejob..longittakeshoweverittakeshowewerlonglonghoweverittakeshoweverlongittakes(99)shecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudnetsshowedinterestinherlesson.A.What,whyB.That,whatC.What,becauseD.Why,that(2000)Someoneisringingthedoorbell.GoandseeA.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis(2000)KEYS:1-5BCABB6-10CAAAB11-15DCDBA16-20ABDAD40道名词性从句练习题theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.A./B.ThatC.WhatD.WhereIacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.A.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.Whenhesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.A.WhatallB.AllwhatC.WhatD.Whatthat4.Whentheywillstartnotbeendecided.A.haveB.isC.doesD.has5.certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.A.ThatisB.ThisisC.ItisD.Ithas6.isunknowntousall.A.WheredidsheputitB.WheresheputitC.ThatwheresheputitD.Inwhichsheputit7.nothingtodowithus.A.WhatshedidhaveB.WhatshedidisC.WhatdidhedohasD.Whatshehasdonehas8.Thetroubleisweareshortofhands.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which9.Energyismakesthingswork.A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.thatMyhometownisnotitusedtotenyearsago.A.when,doB.what,doC.what,beD.when,beThereasonIhavetogoismymotherisillinbed.A.why,whyB.why,becauseC.why,thatD.that,becauseThethoughthemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.sothat13.ThatisIlostmypen.A.whenB.whereC.that

D.what.Haveyouanyidea?A.howfastdoeslighttravelB.howquicklighttravelsC.howsoonlighttravelsD.howfastlighttravels.Hissuggestiontoseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgoC.thatwewouldgoD.wewouldgo16.Hewasinterestedinhehadseenattheexhibition.A.whichB.thatC.allwhatD.allthat17.Heoftenthinksofhecandomoreforhiscountry.A.whatB.howC.thatD.which.Hemadequiteclearthathewouldn'tchangehismind.D.whatB.whattheD.whatwasD.whatB.whattheD.whatwas19.Idon'tknow.A.whatwasthematteroutsidematteroutsidewasC.whatwasoutsidethematterhappenedoutside20.Hehascome,butIdidn'tknowthatheuntilyesterday.A.iscomingB.willcomeC.wascomingD.wasn'tcoming21.Heranbackintotheroomtoseeifheanythingbehind.A.hasforgottenB.hadforgottenC.hasleftD.hadleft.Theywanttoknowdotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey.Doyouknowbrighterthanthemoon?

A.whythesunlookB.whythesunlooksC.whydoesthesunlookD.whyisthesunlook.Canyoutellmetherailwaystation?A.howIcangettoB.whereIcangettoC.howcanIgettoD.wherecanIgetto25.Thesephotographswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike26.Canyoumakesurethegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput.NoonecanbesureinamillionyearsA.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike28.Heaskedfortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.ho