新高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习教师用书选修8UNIT22ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION

三言两语1.Wecanfindusinanexcitingworldeveryday，withthesunshiningbrightly，greentreesgrowingandflowerscomingoutwithallkindsofcolors.2．Hehasagreedtocomeonconditionthattherewon'tbeanypublicity.3．Weareveryproudofourselves，believingwecanmakemorecontributionstoabetterworld.1.没有你的帮助，我是不可能通过考试的。Withoutyourhelp，Iwouldn't_have_passed_the_test.2．过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seentherapiddevelopmentofChina.[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．trapvt.使困住2．claimvt.声称3．condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；谴责，指责4．seizevt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取5．roughadj.艰难的6．substituten．代替品，代用品7．advocatevt.主张，提倡8．boycottn．(联合)抵制9．reserven．储备；保护区10．principlen．原理；道德准则11．relevantadj.有关的；相关的12．agriculturen.农业；农艺，农学13．sacrificevt.牺牲；献出14．recyclevt.回收利用15．changeableadj.多变的16．meansn.手段；方法17．constructvt.建造18．potentialn.可能性，潜在性19．adoptvt.采用20．considerateadj.体贴的；考虑周到的21．allocatevt.分配，配置22．calculatevt.计算；算出[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Intheconferencelastweekmanyexpertsadvocated(advocate)rewardingyourchildforgoodbehaviour.2．Boycotting(boycott)isnottheaim，butameans.3．Sheseized(seize)onmysuggestionandbeganworkimmediately.4．Raychangedhismind，claiming(claim)thathehadbeenforcedintoconfessing.5．Thestreamhasfrozenup;youcanseethefishtrapped(trap)intheice.6．Shewastheonlypoliticianto_condemn(condemn)theproposedlawonmoralgrounds.拓展单词1．coincidencen．巧合→coincidentadj.同时发生的2．financen．资金→financialadj.财政的，金融的3．reserven．保护区vt.保留；预订→reservedadj.预定的；保留的→reservationn．预订；保留4．threatn．威胁→threatenvt.威胁5．separatevt.分离；分开adj.不同的；各自的→separationn．分离，分开6．adoptvt.采用；收养→adoptionn．采用；收养7．allocatevt.分配；配给→allocationn．分配；配给8．politicsn．政治(活动)→politicaladj.政治的→politiciann．政治家9．considerv．考虑→considerateadj.想得周到的；体贴的→considerationn．考虑；体贴[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式或所给提示填空。1．Atlast，Iconsiderweshouldtakeonresponsibilityforourselvesandthepeoplewhoinvolvedin，weneedtobeconsiderateandthoughtful.(consider)2．Thechemicalcompanythreatenthelivingcondition，andthethreatcanbeserious.(threat)3．Withtheaccelerationofglobalizationprocessoneconomyandfinance，financialcompetitionbecameseverely.(finance)4．Andjustinpurepoliticalterms，nopoliticianwantstodothat.(politics)5．Whenweweretoldthetablewereservedhadbeenoccupied，wewereangryanddidn'twanttocancelourreservation.(reserve)6．Weleftinseparatedirection，andtheseparationmadethetwoofusupset.(separate)7．MrWhiteistheadoptedsonofMrsGreen，whoadoptedago.Thankshisparentsdied20yearsago.ThankstoheradoptionMr.WhiteMr.Whitecouldreceiveagoodeducationandbecameanengineer.(adopt)8．Alargesumhasbeenallocatedforbuyingnewbooksforthelibrary.Theallocationisofgreatimportancetoourschoollibrary'sconstruction.(allocate)阅读单词1．ecologyn．生态2．botanicaladj.植物的3．consensusn．一致的意见4．consultantn．顾问5．droughtn．旱灾6．federaladj.联邦的7．conservationn．保护8．bouncevi.反弹9．hurricanen．飓风10．hookn．钩子，钩11．grandadj.巨大的12．armvt.武装13．rainfalln．降雨量14．fragileadj.易毁的；脆弱的15．cubicadj.立方的1．(广东卷)ConservationandresearchworkwithteamsofvolunteersonnaturereservesinSouthAmericaandAfrica.(野生生物)保护区2．①Theyseizedtheairportinasurpriseattack.夺取，占领②Thecourtorderedthecompany'sfundtobeseized.没收3．Acalfwasofferedupasasacrificetothegoddess.供品，祭品4．Thewomantrappedhimintogivingawaythebusinesssecret.诱骗[短语多维应用]高频短语1._earn_one's_living谋生2．as_a_matter_of_fact实际上3．look_ahead展望未来，向前看4．result_in导致5．break_away_from摆脱，脱离6．a_number_of一些7．beyond_one's_control超出某人的控制8．take_action采取行动[语境运用]选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。Inorderto①earn_their_living，②a_number_oftheparentsofourstudentswenttoworkinbigcities.Theyearnedmoremoneybuttheirabsence③resulted_intheirchildren'sbadperformanceatschool.④As_a_matter_of_fact，somechildrengotbeyondtheirgrandparents'control.9.sum_up总结，概括10．on_one's_behalf_代表……11．lead_to引起，导致12．apart_from除……以外13．answer_for(对已产生的不良后果)负责任14．carry_off掠去，夺走15．call_for_an_end_to_sth.要求结束某事16．refer_to指，意即[语境运用]选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。Withmoreandmorefactoriesbuiltinmyhometown，alotofagriculturallandhasbeen⑤carried_off，whichhas⑥led_totheriseoftheproduce'sprice.⑦Apart_fromthis，theairandrivershavebeenpolluted.Obviously，thefactoriesshould⑧answer_fortheconsequences.Soonbehalfofthevillagers'benefit，thelocalgovernmenthasdecidedto⑨call_for_an_end_tothefactories'illegalbehaviours.[句式结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.given作介词或连词Giventhisdata，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作算做得很好了。Given_that_they_are_inexperienced，they'vedoneagoodjob.2.拟人修辞手法Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale，andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.天安门前这两只石狮见证了许多重大历史事件。The_two_stone_lions_standing_in_front_of_Tian'anmen_have_seenmanygreathistoricevents.1．reservevt.储备；保留；预定n．储备；贮藏；保护区(1)reservesth.for...为……保留某物inreserve备用(2)reservationn．预订；保留意见withoutreservation毫无保留地makeareservation预订，预约naturereserve自然保护区reserveyourstrength留点力气[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Beijingwasonceacityofbikes，knownastheBicycleKingdom，wherecarswere_reserved(reserve)forofficialbusinessandthepoliticallypowerful.②Franklyspeaking，Ihavelittlemoneyinreserve.③IrecommendhimwithoutreservationasIbelieveyouwillappreciatehisabilityinhisstudies.④“It'ssuchaniceplace，”Mothersaidasshesatatthetablereservingforcustomers.reserving→reserved[链接写作]——完成句子在美国，多乘员汽车有专行道。IntheUnitedStateslanesare_reserved_for_cars_withmorethanoneoccupant.(bereservedfor)2．seizevt.抓住；捉住；(用武力)夺取；依法没收seizesb.bythe＋身体部位抓住某人某个部位seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会seizesth.fromsb.从某人那里夺走/抢走某物beseizedwith患病；突然感到seizesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizeathief抓小偷seizepower夺权[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Maggieseizedtheletterfromherandbegantoreadoutloudly.②Heseizedherbythearm.③Hewasseizedwithacold.④Beforehecouldrunaway，sheseizedhimbyhiscollar.his→the[链接写作]——完成句子我会抓住这次绝好的机会出国深造。Iwill_seize_the_golden_chancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.3．substitutevt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代n．代替品，代用品(1)substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA用A代替/取代Bsubstitutefor代替，取代(2)asubstitutefor...……的替代者amilksubstitute代乳制品asubstituteteacher代课老师[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Asthesayinggoes，inwar，thereisnosubstituteforvictory.②Canyousubstituteforthesingerwhoisill?③Sheisseekingasubstitutewiththeverymanwhosedeparturemadehercry.with→for[链接写作]——一句多译在我看来，我们必须用一把新椅子换掉这把坏椅子。①AsfarasI'mconcerned，wemustsubstitute_a_new_chair_for_the_broken_one.(substitute...for)②AsfarasI'mconcerned，wemustsubstitute_the_broken_chair_with_a_new_one.(substitute...with)4．trapvt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困障n．陷阱；圈套；捕捉机(1)o(doing)sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套be/gettrappedin被困在……中(2)fallintothetrapofdoingsth.落入……的圈套set/layatrapfor为……设圈套getoutofatrap摆脱圈套[一词多义]——写出下列句中trap的词性及含义①Theonlythingthewolfcoulddowasclimbinguptothegroundfromthetrap.n.陷阱②It'snolongerpossibletotrapasensiblemanintomarriage.vt.诱骗，使陷入圈套③Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.n.圈套④Someminersweretrappedundergroundafterthecollapse.vt.使陷入困境[基础练习]——单句改错Havingbeentrappingintraffic，hewaslateforwork.trapping→trapped[链接写作]——完成句子很容易掉进这样一个陷阱：你很想多谈论你的问题。It'seasytofall_into_the_trapofwantingtotalkonandonaboutyourproblem.5．advocatevt.主张，提倡n．提倡者，拥护者advocate(doing)sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocatethat...主张……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形]beanadvocatefor/of……拥护者advocaterewardingyourchildforgoodbehavior提倡对孩子的良好表现加以奖励[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Weadvocatesolving(solve)theSyriaissuebynegotiations.②Aspresident，Bushwasalsoastrongadvocateforimmigrationreform.③Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildingswerefittedwithsmokedetectors.were→be[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)Theyadvocatethatthey(should)reduceairpollution.(高级表达)Theyadvocate_reducingairpollution.(简单句)(高级表达)It_is_advocated_thattheyshouldreduceairpollution.(it作形式主语)6．adoptvt.采用，采纳；收养(1)adoptapolicy/habit采用某项政策/习惯(2)adoptedadj.被收养的；被采用的adoptableadj.可收养的，可采用的adoptionn．采用，采纳；收养adoptachild领养孩子adoptone'ssuggestion采纳某人的建议theadoptedson养子[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thenewpolicyisexpectedto_be_adopted_(adopt)atthenextmeeting.②Dannyistheiradopted(adopt)son.③Sherefusedtogivethechildupforadoption(adopt)．④Thenewtechnologyhasbeenmorewidelyadapted.adapted→adopted[链接写作]——完成句子结果，他们采纳了我的建议，一切像计划好的一样顺利。Asaresult，theyadopted_my_advice，andeverythingwentwellasplanned.7．meansn.方式，方法；手段bymeansof借助……的手段byallmeans可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必bynomeans决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后要倒装)bythismeans用这种方法[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.②Onlybythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.③Asisknowntousall，Marrysucceededbymeansofhardworking.④Theyhavetriedallmeans，whichispossiblyhelpful.is→are[链接写作]——句式升级I'llforgiveyouthistime，butyoushallbynomeansmakethemistakeagain.I'llforgiveyouthistime，butby_no_means_shall_you_make_the_mistake_again.(倒装句)8．coincidencen．巧合；同时发生；一致(1)bycoincidence碰巧，巧合的是……Itis/wasacoincidencethat...……是巧合的Whatacoincidence！真巧！(2)coincidev．巧合coincidewith...与……同时发生，一致(3)coincidentadj.巧合的；一致的[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Bycoincidence，wearrivedhereatthesametime.②Thetwomurdercasesweresosimilartoeachother;itwasnotacoincidenceatall.③Theresultsoftheoryiscoincident(coincidence)withthatofexperiment.④Withcoincidenceabusarrivedaswereachedtheemptybusstop，butweignoredit.With→By[链接写作]——完成句子我今天下午的两个面试时间上错不开。Mytwointerviewsthisafternooncoincide_with_each_other.(coincidewith)9．considerateadj.体贴的；想得周到的(1)beconsiderateto/toward/ofsb.体贴某人It'sconsiderateofsb.todosth.某人做某事真是周到beconsideratetodosth.(做某事)周到的，体贴的(2)considervt.考虑；认为considerdoingsth.考虑做某事considersb.(tobe/as)．..认为某人是……allthingsconsidered综观一切，将一切考虑在内(3)considerableadj.相当大的；相当多的(4)consideringprep.&conj.考虑到，鉴于beconsideratetotheold对老人很体贴oconsideration考虑到某事[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①SinceIamnowpreparingfortheCollegeEntranceExamination，mymotherisveryconsiderateofme.②Iseriouslyconsideredresigning(resign)．③Consideredthestrengthoftheopposition，wedidverywelltoscoretwogoals.Considered→Considering[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)Hetookalltheaspectsintoconsiderationanddesignedagoodpattern.(高级表达)Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration，hedesignedagoodpattern.(现在分词作状语)(高级表达)All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration，hedesignedagoodpattern.(独立主格)10．referto涉及，提及；谈到；参考；查阅；指的是(1)refertosb./sth.提及某人/事refertothedictionary/notes查词典/笔记(2)referencen．提及；征求；查阅makeareferenceto提到，谈到referencebook参考书refertothenotes参阅笔记refertoglobalwarming提到全球气候变暖[一词多义]——写出下列句中referto的含义①Don'trefertothismatteragain，please.提及②Forfurtherparticulars，pleaserefertoChapterTen.查阅③Excuseme，whatdothesewordsinbracketsreferto？指的是[基础练习]——单句改错Thebookreferredtocrimewasboughtlastweek.referred→referring[链接写作]——完成句子提到的那本书不在图书馆。Thebookreferred_toisnotinthelibrary.11．leadto引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向leadsb.tosth.引领某人leadsb.todosth.引导某人做某事leadtheway领路；处于领先地位leadsb.bythenose牵着某人的鼻子走leada...life过着……的生活[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Youmaywonderhowpavingaroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.②Iwanttoknowwhatledyouto_take(take)upactingasacareer.③Theoldcoupleleadahappylifenow.[链接写作]——完成句子什么使得你得出了这个结论？Whatled_you_to_this_conclusion？(leadsb.to)12．answerfor对……负责；为……受谴责inanswer(tosth.)＝asareply作为回应answer(sb.)back反驳；回嘴；顶嘴answertosb.(forsth.)向某人(为某事)负责；对某人承担(某事的)责任[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thedoctorcameatonceinanswertomyphonecall.②Stopansweringyourmotherback![链接写作]——完成句子必须让他为严重罪行付出代价。Hemustbemadetoanswer_for_his_terrible_crimes.(answerfor)13．inturn依次；轮流；反过来byturns轮流，交替地taketurnsdoing/todosth.轮流做某事it'sone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事inreturn作为回报inreturnfor...作为……的回报[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Hegetscheerfulanddepressedbyturns.②Thepupilstookturns(turn)readingouttheircompositions.③Iamondutytoday，it'smyturnto_clean(clean)theclassroom.④Whenitwasmyturnstospeak，myconfidencesuddenlydesertedme.turns→turn[链接写作]——一句多译他们轮流开车。①They_took_turns_to_drive_the_car.②They_took_turns_in_driving_the_car.③They_drove_the_car_by_turns.14．(教材P6)Given_this_data，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鉴于这些数据，看起来人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅是巧合。[句法句式]本句中given为介词，意思为“鉴于……”(表示原因)。另外，它还可以与that连用，构成连词，引导原因状语从句。引导原因状语从句的这类连词还有：considering(that)鉴于，考虑到seeingthat既然，鉴于[名师点津]下列连词引导的是条件状语从句：assuming(that)；provided/providing(that)；suppose/supposing(that)[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Given(give)thathesupportsus，we'llwintheelection.②Considering(consider)hewasstillaboy，Iforgavehim.③Iwillagreetogoprovided/providing_(provide)thatmyexpensesarepaid.④Supposedthatyoucomeintoalotofmoney，whatwouldyoudothen？Supposed→Supposing[链接写作]——完成句子考虑到你生病了，我们最好推迟会议。Given_that_you_are_sick，we'dbetterputoffthemeeting.15．(教材P10)The_last_few_years_have_seenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale，andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.近几年一些环境灾难大规模出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。[句法句式]句中thelastfewyears作主语，see作谓语，意为“经历；目睹”，这种拟人修辞手法表达既简练又生动。拟人修辞手法把事物人格化，使本来不具备人的动作和感情的一些动、植物变得像人一样能说能笑。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子，主语通常是表示时间、地点或心爱之物，如车、船等的名词；谓语动词常为see，witness，find等。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thelast30yearshave_witnessed(witness)therapiddevelopmentofChina.②TheNationalDayofthisyearsaw(see)somanytrafficjamsontheexpressway.[链接写作]——完成句子我们的城市四季分明，阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点儿冷。Ourcitywitenessedfour_different_seasons，plentyofsunshineandgoodrainfall，butinwinteryoumayfeelalittlecold.多维训练——夯实基础维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空1．Thereisanarrowroadleading(lead)totheoldhouse.2．Asteachers，weshouldbeconsiderate(consider)ofourstudents'feelings.Andthentheywilltrustus.3．Given(give)thatthereisnotrafficdelay，Iwillbehereontime.4．Soontheadopted(adopt)childbecameveryfondofheradoptiveparents.5．Toreleaseadvocatesreading(read)aloudtochildrenassoonaspossible.维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Itisn'twisetospendallyoursalarieseverymonth.Keepsomemoneyinreserve，justincase.2．Languageisthecarrierofcultureandinturnit'sinfluencedbyculture.3．Ifyougoondoingthis，wewon'tanswerfortheconsequence.4．Thatkindofluckisnotrealandonlyhappensbycoincidence.5．Theroomconnectswiththedininghallbymeansofahallway.维度3——查缺补漏1．IneverfeltIachievedagreatdealinmylife，apartfrombringing(bring)mychildrenintotheworld.2．Iftherehadbeenanytalking，itwouldhave_caused(cause)ustolearnless.3．AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgotseparated(separate)frommyfriends.4．Allinall，ithasbeenaprettybadyearforhim.5．Thesecommentsarenotdirectlyrelevanttothisenquiry.语篇练习——提升能力提能一单元话题语篇练根据教材课文P6内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperature，1.whichinturnleadstoclimatechange.Scientistsholdtheviewthatitcouldbeoneofthebiggestproblems2.facing(face)the21stcentury.Someofthescientistshavereportedthatitishumanbeingsthat3.are_causing(cause)changesintheEarth'sclimate；forinthelast50years，gases4.pumped(pump)intotheEarth'satmospherebythefactoriesandvehicleshavebeenspeedinguptheprocessofglobalwarming.Itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesand5.rising(rise)global