人教版初二(下)英语unit5语法篇(教师版)范文文稿

Unit5语法篇学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。whenwhile的区别和用法一、while的意思是“在同时（@1thesametimethat）”“在期间（砧「aslongas,duringthetimethat）”。从while的本身词义来看，它只能表示一段时间，不能表示具体的时间点。在时间上可以是“线线重合”或“点线重合”，但不能表示“点点重合”。例如：1、HewaswatchingTVwhileshewascooking.她做饭时，他在看电视。（线线重合）HewaswaitingformewhileIwasworking.我工作的时候，他正等着我。（线线重合）HeaskedmeaquestionwhileIwasspeaking.我在讲话时，他问了我一个问题。（点线重合）二、when的意思是“当 时候（atthetimethat）”“无论什么时候（whenever）”“一 就 （assoonas）”“在……以后（after）"。它表示的时间概念比较广泛，上述例句中的as或while均可用when代替，因为when不但可以表示具体的时间点，而且也可以表示一段时间。在时间上它既能表示“点点重合”“线线重合”，又能表示“点线重合”。例如：1、Whenhecamein，shewentout.他进来，她出去。（点点重合）此句中when从句的动作表示的是一个时间点，when可以用as代替，但不能用while代替。2、Whenhecameback，Iwasdoingsomewashing.他回来时，我在洗衣服。（点线重合）此句中when从句的动作表示的是一个时间点，所以只能用as代替，不能用while代替。aswhenwhile的区别一、根据从句动作的持续性来区分1、“主短从长”型：即主句是一个短暂性动作，而从句是一个持续性动作，此时三者都可用。如：Jimhurthisarmwhile[when，as]hewasplayingtennis.吉姆打网球时把手臂扭伤了。As[When，While]shewaswaitingforthetrain，shebecameveryimpatient.她在等火车时，变得很不耐烦。注意：as用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在……期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作（action）和发展（development）意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词（如be，seem，love，want，agree，see，know，have等），所以下面一句中的while不能换为as：A：I’mgoingtothepostoffice.我要去邮局。B：Whileyouarethere，canyougetmesomestamps?当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗？2、“主长从长”型：即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间，此时通常要用while。IalwayslistentotheradiowhileI’mdriving.我总是一边开车一边听收音机。Hedidn’taskmein;hekeptmestandingatthedoorwhilehereadthemessage.他没有让我进去，他只顾看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。但是，若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时，则习惯上要用as。如:Heswunghisarmsashewalked.他走路时摆动着手臂。Icouldn’trememberastorytotellthechildren,soImadeoneupasIwentalong.我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了，只好现编现讲。3、“主长从短”型：即主句是一个持续性动作，而从句是一个短暂性动作，此时可以用as或when，但不能用while。如：Itwasraininghardwhen[as]wearrived.我们到达时正下着大雨。When[As]hecamein,Iwaslisteningtotheradio.他进来时，我在听收音机。二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分1、若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“一……就”的意思，英语一般要用as（也可用when）。如：Theicecrackedas[when]Isteppedontoit.我一踩冰就裂了。Hejumpedtohisfeetasthebosscamein.老板一进来他立刻站了起来。但是，在hardly[scarcely]...when…句式中，不能将when换成as。如：Scarcelyhadwearrived,whenitbegantorain.我们刚一到就下起雨来了。2、若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“刚要……就”“正要……去却”的意思，英语一般要用as（也可用when），且此时通常连用副词just。如：Icaughthimjustwhen[as]hewasleavingthebuilding.他正要离开大楼的时候，我把他截住了。Justas[when]thetwomenwereleaving,amessagearrived.就在这两个人要离开的时候，突然有了消息。三、根据是否具有伴随变化来区分若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化，有类似汉语“随着”的意思，英语习惯上要用as，而不用when或while。如：Theroomgrewcolderasthefireburntdown.随着炉火逐渐减弱，房间越来越冷。Astimegoesbymymemoryseemstogetworse.随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。注：若不是引导从句，而是引出一个短语，则用with，不用as。如：Withwintercomingon,it’stimetobuywarmclothes.随着冬天到来，该买暖和衣裳了。Theshadowslengthenedwiththeapproachofsunset.随着太阳下落，影子也逐渐伸长。四、根据从句动作的规律性来区分若暗示一种规律性，表示“每当……的时候”，英语一般要用when。如：It’scoldwhenitsnows.下雪时天冷。Hesmileswhenyoupraisehim.你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。五、根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分若主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用when。如：Whenhearriveshe’lltellusallaboutthematch.等他到了，他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛的情况。Whenshehadfinishedshewaitedasthoughforareply.她讲完之后等了等，仿佛是在等候回答似的。六、根据是否具有“趁机”意味来区分1、若从句所表示的“当……的时候”具有“趁机”的意味，则通常用while。如：Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁。---Itelephonedyouyesterdayafternoonbutnobodyanswered.---Oh,Iafilmatthattime.A. see B. saw C. isseeing D. wasseeingWhilethewoman,theaccidenthappened.A. shopped B. isshopping C. wasshopping D. shopsHehomeitbegantorain.A. iswalking;when B. waswalking;whileC. waswalking;when D. iswalking;whileIthecharityshowonTVwhenthetelephonerang.A.watch B.watched C.amwatchingD.waswatchingWhilemyparentsTVlastnight,Ianewcomputergameinmybedroom.A. watched;haveplayed B. werewatching;wasplayingC. hadwatched;wasplaying D. wouldwatch;wasplaying解析：因为时间状语是atthattimeyesterday,因此为过去进行时，故选D。因为是while引导的时间状语从句，主句为过去时，从句为过去进行时，故选C。因为时间状语从句的谓语动词为点动词，故用when引导，主句用过去进行时，故本题选C.本题为when引导的典型句型，从句为点动词的一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，故选D。While引导的从句为过去进行时，主句为延续性动词，也为过去进行时，故选B。基础演练一、用所给词的适当形式填空1．Thecar (sudden)stoppedinfrontofme.2．Thegirlbegantodreamwhenshefell (sleep).3．It’ssnowing (heavy).You’dbetternotgoout.4．Don’ttalkwith (strange)ontheInternet.Theymaybebadmen.5．Lisadreamsofbeinga (report).Ifyoudon’ttellmethe (true),Iwillbreakupwithyou.Theydidn’tsayanywords.Theywenthomein (silent).Greatchangeshavetakenplace (recent).Theladywas (kill)lastnight.Nobodyknewwhokilledher.Excuseme,butImustsayyouare (complete)pletely二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)昨天晚上八点你和你妈妈在干什么？Whatyouandyourmotherateighto'clockyesterdayevening?当琳达睡觉的时候，詹妮正在帮玛丽做作业。WhileLinda,JennyMarywithherhomework.当我们在广播上听到这个消息的时候，我们正在厨房吃晚餐。Wedinnerinthekitchenweheardthenewsontheradio.我正做饭的时候伤到了自己。IhurtmyselfI.那是在她吃午饭的时候发生的事。Shewaseatingherlunch.二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)11.were;doing12.wassleeping,washelping13.wereeating,when14.while,wascooking15.whenithappened巩固提高翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)我不知道他的主意是否有效。Idon'tknowifhisideawill.如果你那样做，你就会使她陷入困境。Ifyoudothat,youmighther.他们静静地坐在那里，仔细阅读每一个问题。Theysatthereandreadeveryquestioncarefully.你告诉我的一切，可能影响我自己的看法。Whatyouhavetoldmemaytomyownopinion.为了按时到校，他起床更早了。Hegotupearliergettoschoolontime.workoutget,intotroubleinsilencemakeadifferenceinorderto一、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)Mymotherwas(cook)dinnerwhenIcamebackfromschool.---Icalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredit.---Oh,we(do)somerunninginthepark.---IsawMr.Smithintheofficeatteno'clockyesterdaymorning.---That'strue.He(have)animportantmeetingwithusthen.---Wherewereyouthismorning?---I(shop)inthesupermarket.ThereportersaidthattheUFO(travel)fromeasttowestwhenhesawit.二、单项选择Ididn'thearyoubecauseIthenewsontheradio.A.listentoB.amlisteningtoC.listenedtoD.waslisteningtoImetagoodfriendofminewhileIonthestreet.A.walks B.walk C.waswalkingD.amwalking---Wereyouatschoolwhenhecametoseeyou?---Yes,Iamathclass.A.amhavingB.washaving C.had D.have---Wherewereyouat7:00lastnight?---Itomymomathome.

A.writeB.wroteC.amwritingD.waswritingA.writeB.wroteC.amwritingD.waswriting---Couldyoutellmewhathesaidjustnow?---Sorry,Iwhatwashappeningoutside.A.amthinkingB.wasthinkingC.thought D.think三、完形填空LastFridayastormvisitedvillagesinHonolulu.Itdestroyedfourteenhouses.Sevenothersweresobadly11thattheirownershadtoleavethem,andfifteenothershad12windows,doorsorroofs.Onepersonwas13 ,severalwerebadlywoundedandtakento14 ,andanumberofotherpeoplegot15 .Altogetherovertwohundredpeoplewere16asaresultofthestorm.Afarmer,Mr.Sabin,saidthatthe17beganearlyinthemorningandlastedforoveranhour."Iwasinthekitchenwithmywifeandchildren,"hesaid,"whenweheardaloud18.Afewminuteslaterourhousefelldownontopofus.We 19 toclimboutbutveryfrightened."Mrs.Rolandsaidthatherhusbandhadjust 20 workwhenshenoticedherhouse21Sherushedoutsideimmediatelywithherchildren."Therewasno22totakeanything,"shesaid."Afewminuteslater,theroof 23 ."Soldiershelpedtobring24outofthefloodedareaandthegovernment25themwithfood,clothesandtents.11.A.damagedB.hurtC.harmed12.A.repairedB.brokenC.opened13.A.savedB.killedC.stolen14.A.cinemaB.schoolC.hospital15.A.tiredB.injuredC.excited16.A.sadB.boredC.homeless17.A.snowB.stormC.earthquake18.A.cryB.voiceC.noise19.A.managedB.wantedC.searched20.A.lookedforB.leftforC.waitedfor21.A.sleepingB.runningC.shaking22.A.workB.timeC.people23.A.felldownB.stoodupC.fixedup24.A.foodB.animalsC.people25.A.rememberedB.providedC.produced答案、适当形式填空（单句适当形式）cookingweredoingwashavingwasshoppingwastraveling、单项选择6.D7.C8.B9.D10.B三、完形填空11.A12.B13.B14.C15.B16.C17.B18.C19.A20.B21.C22.B23.A24.C25.B阅读理解Whatareyougoingtodoifyouareinaburninghouse?Howwillyouescape?Doyouknowhowtosaveyourself?Pleasereadthefollowingpassage.Escapingfromafireisaseriousmatter.Knowingwhattododuringafirecansaveyourlife.Itisimportanttoknowthewaysyoucanuseandshowthemtoeveryoneinthefamily,suchasstairways（楼梯）andfireescapes,butnotlifts.Fromthelowerfloorsofthebuildings,escapingthroughwindowsispossible.Learnthebestwayofleavingbywindowswiththeleastchanceofseriousinjury（受伤）.Thesecondfloorwindowisusuallynotveryhighfromtheground.Ofcourse,itissafertojumpashortwaythantostayinaburningbuilding.Windowsarealsousefulwhenyouarewaitingforhelp.Besuretokeepthedoorclosed.Orsmokeandfiremaybedrawnintotheroom.Keepyourheadlowatthewindowtobesureyougetfreshairratherthansmokethatmayleak（渗）intotheroom.Onasecondorthirdfloor,thebestwindowsforescapearethosethatopenontoaroof.Fromtheroofapersoncandroptothegroundmoresafely.Droppingontohardgroundmightendininjury.Bushes（灌木丛）andgrasscanhelptobreakafall（使势头减弱）.Itisimportantto.putoutthebigfireintheburninghousejumpoffahighburninghouseknowthewaystoescapefromthefirekeepthedooropenFromParagraph3,weknowthatitispossibletoescapethroughthewindows.iftherearenobushesonthegroundifyou liveonalowerfloorifyou liveonahigherfloorifyou havenoropeWhichofthefollowingescapingwayisNOTright?Youcanescapethroughstairways.Youcanchoosefireescape.Escapefromthewindowsthatopenontoaroof.Usealifttocomedownatonce.Ofcourse,itistojumpashortwaythantostayinabuildingonfire.A. safer B. easierC. moredangerous D. moredifficultThebesttitleofthepassageis.EscapingfromtheWindowsWaitingforHelpKnowledgeonFireSavingYourselfintheBurningHouseBIfyoufindyourselfinthemiddleofanactiveshooterevent（枪击案现场）,yoursafetymaydependonwhetherornotyouhaveaplan.Theplandoesn'thavetobedifficulttofollow.Therearethreethingsyoucoulddotomakeadifference:Run,hide,fight.RunFirstandformost,ifwecangetout,doit!Alwaystrytoescape（逃生）evenwhenothersinsiston（坚持）staying.Encourageotherstoleavewithus,butdonotletthemslowusdownwiththedecision.Leaveourthingsbehind,andtrytofindoutawaytogetoutsafely.Trytogetourselvesoutfromtheharmedway.Trytostopotherswalkingintoadangerousareaandcall110.Herearesometipsforthesituationwhenanactiveshooterisaroundyou.Ifthereisanescapepath,trytoevacuate（疏散）.Evacuatewhetherothersagreetoornot.Leaveyourthingsbehind.Helpothersescapeifpossible.Stopothersenteringthearea.Call110whenyouaresafe.HideIfwecan'tgetoutsafely,weneedtofindaplacetohide.Actquicklyandquietly.Trytomakesureourhidingplaceisgood.Turnofflightsandifpossible,remembertolockdoors.Silenceourcellphones,andifwecan'tfindasaferoom,trytohidebehindalargeobject（物体）thatmayprotectus.Rememberthefollowingtips:Lockand/orblockade（putthethingsagainst）thedoor.Silenceyourcellphone.Hidebehindlargeobjects.Stayveryquiet.FightAsalastresort（万不得已）,onlyifourlifeisindanger,whetherwearealoneorworkingtogetherasagroup,fight!Weshouldtrytodothefollowing:Lookforsomethingthatcanbeusedtofight.Tryyourbesttoprotectyourself.Remembertheseandyouwillbesafe.Thefirstthingistointhemiddleofanactiveshooterevent.A.run B.hide C.fight D.shoutWhenyoufindaplacetohide,youshould.A. call110 B. silenceyourcellphonesC. fightwiththeshooter D. leaveyourthingsbehindYouhavetofight.whenyouseetheshooterifevacuationisimpossibleonlyifyourlifeisindangerwhenyouarewithyourfriendsHowmanykeywayscanhelpyouwhenthiskindofeventhappens?A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. D.Six.CHowmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!OnaclearnightyoumightseetheMoon,someplanets,andthousandsofshiningstars.Youcanseeevenmorewiththehelpofnewinventions.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethatmanystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightseethatsomestarsthatlookwhitearereallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjectsinthesky.Youcanfindoutmoreaboutthoseobjects.Butscientistsbelievetherearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththebiggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausetheycan'tbeseen.They'rethemysterious（神秘的）deadstarscalledblackholes.Youmightfindithardtoimaginethatstarsdie.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.Asastarburns,itgivesofflightandheat.Butwhenthestarburnsout,itbeginst