新课堂英语必修四译林版讲义Unit1PeriodFour

PeriodFourProjectⅠ.单词自测1.median.大众传播媒介，大众传播工具2.postern.海报postvt.张贴；n.(在网上发布的)帖子3.targetn.目标；靶子；vt.瞄准；以……为目标4.determinevt.确定，查明；决定；裁决5.analysisn.分析，分析结果analysevt.分析6.appealvi.有吸引力；呼吁，恳请；n.吸引力；呼吁；恳求7.reactvi.做出反应，回应8.personallyadv.个别地；就本人而言；本人，亲自personaladj.个人的，私人的9.anti-smokingn.反对吸烟10.packetn.小包，小盒11.poisonousadj.有毒的poisonn.毒药12.urgevt.敦促，力劝；竭力主张；n.强烈的欲望，冲动13.tobaccon.烟草，烟叶14.essayn.论说文，小品文；文章15.shockvt.使震惊，使惊愕；n.震惊，惊愕shockedadj.感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的Ⅱ.短语默写1.figure__out弄清楚，弄懂；计算出2.appeal__to吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁3.beconcernedwith涉及4.getsomethingacross把……表达清楚5.diefrom死于(外部或间接原因)原文呈现Howdoyoubuildanadcampaign?Unlike①asingleadvertisement，anadcampaignisaplanned②programmeofadvertisementsusingvarious③kindsofadstoreachacertain④audience⑤.Whenyoustartasuccessfuladcampaign，youmusthaveaclearaimandanaudienceinmind⑥.Itisimportanttofigureout⑦exactlywhatyouwanttotelltheaudienceandwhatyouaretryingtogetthemtodo⑧.Inanadcampaignyoumayneedtoemploy⑨differentkindsofmedia⑩，including?posters?，newspapers，magazines，radioandtelevision.Therearethreemajor?questionsyoumustfirstconsider：1Whoistheaudienceforyouradcampaign?Thepeopleyouwanttoreachareyourtarget?audience.Inaudience.Inorderto?determine?youraudience，youwillneedtodoalittleresearch?andanalysis?inadvance?.Youwillneedtoexplore?whattheaudiencealreadythinks.Itisveryimportanttoknowyouraudiencesoyoucancreatetherightmessagefortherightpeople.2Whatdoyouwantyouradcampaigntosay?Afteryouhavedecidedwhoyouraudienceis，itistimetodecidewhatyouwanttheaudiencetoknoworthinkabout.Itisimportanttoalwaystrytoappealtoeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))theaudienceinordertogetthemtoreacteq\o(○,\s\up7(22))inacertainwayeq\o(○,\s\up7(23)).Youcangathereq\o(○,\s\up7(24))thisinformationfromyourresearch.Whenplanningapublicwelfarecampaign，youmaywanttoaskyourself：·Whatdoesmyaudiencealreadyknowaboutthisproblem?·Whataspectsofthisproblemwouldtheycareabouteq\o(○,\s\up7(25))orbeconcernedwitheq\o(○,\s\up7(26))?·Istheresomehistorybehindtheproblemthattheywouldbeinterestedin?·Howdoestheproblempersonallyeq\o(○,\s\up7(27))affecteq\o(○,\s\up7(28))theirlives?3Howdoyoureachyouraudience?Therearelotsofdifferentwaystogetyourmessageacrosseq\o(○,\s\up7(29))whenyouareputtingtogethereq\o(○,\s\up7(30))anadcampaign.Youmustdecidewhatapproacheq\o(○,\s\up7(31))youwanttouse.Thisdecisionshoulddependmainlyoneq\o(○,\s\up7(32))yourtargetaudienceandwhichkindsofadsreachthatgroupbest.阅读清障①unlikeprep.不像，与……不同②planned作定语，修饰programme。③variousadj.各种各样的，多样的④certainadj.某一的；确定的⑤audiencen.受众；观众；听众；读者※usingvariouskindsofadstoreachacertainaudience是现在分词短语，作advertisements的后置定语。⑥have...inmind对于(某一目的)心里已有……⑦figureout弄清楚，弄懂；计算出⑧getsbtodosth让某人做某事getsthdone让某事被做⑨employvt.使用⑩media/'mi?dI?/n.大众传播媒介，大众传播工具其单数形式为medium。?includingprep.包括(其中)?poster/'p??st?(r)/n.海报?majoradj.主要的※youmustfirstconsider是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰questions。※youwanttoreach是省略了关系代词that或who的定语从句，修饰people。?target/'tɑ?ɡIt/n.目标；靶子vt.瞄准；以……为目标?inorderto为了?determine/dI't??mIn/vt.确定，查明；决定；裁决?doresearch做调查，进行研究?analysis/?'n?l?sIs/n.分析，分析结果?inadvance提前?explorev.探讨，探究；探险※Itistimetodosth是固定句式，意为“到做某事的时候了”。decide后接what引导的宾语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))appealto吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁appeal/?'pi?l/vi.有吸引力；呼吁，恳请n.吸引力；呼吁，恳求eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))react/rI'?kt/vi.做出反应，回应reactto对……做出反应eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))ina(n)...way以一种……方式eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))gathervt.搜集，收集；使聚集※Whenplanningapublicwelfarecampaign是省略了youare的时间状语从句。在when，while，if，asif，though，as，until，once，unless等引导的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。eq\o(○,\s\up2(25))careabout在乎，在意，关心eq\o(○,\s\up2(26))beconcernedwith...对……关心、关注或感兴趣※定语从句thattheywouldbeinterestedin修饰somehistory。eq\o(○,\s\up2(27))personally/'p??s?n?lI/adv.个别地；就本人而言；本人，亲自eq\o(○,\s\up2(28))affectvt.影响effect作“影响”讲时，是名词。eq\o(○,\s\up2(29))getsomethingacross把……表达清楚eq\o(○,\s\up2(30))puttogether组织，汇聚，组装eq\o(○,\s\up2(31))approachn.方法，途径approach后常接介词to。eq\o(○,\s\up2(32))dependon相当于relyon，意为“取决于，依赖于”。Anti-smoking①adcampaignEveryyearmillionsof②peoplearoundtheworlddiedueto③smoking.Everypacket④ofcigarettescontainspoisonous⑤chemicalsthatcanresultin⑥lung⑦cancer⑧andheartdisease.Thiscostscountriesalotofmoneyandcausesgreatdamageto⑨thewelfareofthepeople.Therearehugenumbersofsmokers⑩inAsia.Thisiswhywehavechosenanti-smokingasthesubjectofouradcampaign.Thetargetaudienceishigh-schoolteenagers?.Ourmainaimistodiscourage?youngpeoplefromsmoking.Ourresearchshowsthatyoungpeoplecareabouttheirhealthandfuture.Wewilleducatethemaboutthebadphysicaleffectsofsmokingandhowsmokingaffectsthosepeoplearoundthem.Wewillexplainalltheadvantagesofnotsmoking，suchassavingmoneywhichcanthenbespentonotherthings.Ourinterviewsalsoindicate?thatyoungpeopleareconcernedabout?whatiscoolandwhattheirfriendslike.Wewillshowhowsmokingisnotcoolorattractive?，becauseitmakes?peoplesmell?terrible，andgivesthembadteeth，skinandfingernails?.Ifwecanconvince?youngpeoplenottostart，theymightthenurge?theirparentsandotherpeopletogiveupeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))smoking，too.Ourcampaignwillstarton31May，WorldNoTobaccoeq\o(○,\s\up7(22))Dayeq\o(○,\s\up7(23)).Wewillputlargepostersaroundtheschoolwithourlogoandslogan.Ourwebsitewillprovidestudentswitheq\o(○,\s\up7(24))moreinformationaboutsmoking.Wewillalsopublishanarticleintheschoolmagazineinformingstudentsaboutthedangersofsmoking，andwewillorganizeanessayeq\o(○,\s\up7(25))competitionaswelleq\o(○,\s\up7(26)).Ourslogan：Smokingkills!Manypeoplethinkthatsmokingiscoolorenjoyable，buttheyarenotfullyawareofthedamagethatitdoestotheirhealth.Thisiswhywechosethispictureaseq\o(○,\s\up7(27))ourlogo.Wewanttoshockeq\o(○,\s\up7(28))peopleintorealizingthatmanysmokersdiealltoosoonfromeq\o(○,\s\up7(29))illnessesanddiseasesrelatedtosmoking.①anti-smoking/??ntI、sm??kI?/n.反对吸烟②millionsof数百万的③dueto因为，由于④packet/'p?kIt/n.小包，小盒apacketof一盒，一包⑤poisonous/'p?Iz?n?s/adj.有毒的⑥resultin导致resultfrom起因于……⑦lung/l??/n.肺⑧cancer/'k?ns?(r)/n.癌症that引导定语从句修饰poisonouschemicals。⑨causedamageto对……造成损害⑩smoker/'sm??k?(r)/n.吸烟者※why从句作表语。Thisiswhy...句式中，why后接结果?teenagern.青少年?discouragesbfromdoingsth劝阻某人做某事※动词不定式短语作表语。※which定语从句修饰money。?indicatev.表明?beconcernedabout关心；挂念※what引起两个宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。?attractiveadj.有吸引力的；引起注意的?makesbdosth使某人做某事?smelllinkingv.闻起来?fingernail/'fI?ɡ?neIl/n.手指甲?convincevt.说服；使确信，使信服convincesbtodosth说服某人做某事?urge/??d?/vt.敦促，力劝；竭力主张n.强烈的欲望，冲动urgesbtodosth催促/力劝某人做某事eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))giveup放弃eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))tobacco/t?'b?k??/n.烟草，烟叶eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))WorldNoTobaccoDay世界无烟日每年的5月31日为世界无烟日。eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))providesbwithsth＝providesthforsb为某人提供某物※现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰anarticle。eq\o(○,\s\up2(25))essay/'eseI/n.论说文，小品文；(学生为某门课程写的)文章，短文eq\o(○,\s\up2(26))aswell也，还※that定语从句修饰thedamage，注意本句还原出的短语dodamageto。eq\o(○,\s\up2(27))choose...as...选择……作为……eq\o(○,\s\up2(28))shock/??k/vt.使震惊，使惊愕n.震惊，惊愕shocksbinto(doing)sth使某人震惊从而做某事eq\o(○,\s\up2(29))diefrom死于……diefrom通常指死于车祸、地震等外部因素。※过去分词短语作定语，修饰illnessesanddiseases。Ⅰ.True(T)orFalse(F).1.Anti-smokingadcampaignismainlydesignedforhigh-schoolstudents.()2.Ourmainaimistodiscourageallthepeopleintheworldfromsmoking.()3.Ifwecanconvinceyoungpeoplenottostarttosmoke，theirparentsmustgiveupsmoking.()4.Weusethissloganandpicturetomakethemfullyawareofthedamagethatsmokingdoestotheirhealth.()答案1.T2.F3.F4.TⅡ.Choosethebestanswer.1.Whatshouldbedonefirsttodeterminethetargetaudience?A.Doalittleresearchandanalysis.B.Createthemessagefortherightpeople.C.Knowwhattheaudiencealreadythink.D.Gettoknowtheaudience.2.Howcanaresearcherknowthewaytheaudiencewillreact?A.Planningsomequestions.B.Talkingwiththeaudience.C.Gatheringinformationfromtheresearch.D.Guessinghowtheaudiencewillreact.3.Theadvertisingwaydependson________.A.howwellyoudoyourresearchB.whoyourtargetaudienceareC.whichkindsofadsarethebestD.bothBandC4.Thecorrectordertobuildanadcanbe________.a.decidethetargetaudienceb.knowwhattheaudiencehaveinmindc.gatherinformationfromtheresearchd.doalittleresearche.decidewhatapproachtouseA.a；b；c；e；d B.d；c；b；a；eC.e；b；c；a；d D.d；c；a；e；b答案1.A2.C3.D4.BⅢ.Fillineachblankwithoneword.HowtobuildanadcampaignBasicinformationDetailsExample：Anti-smokingadcampaignWhoDetermineyourtargetaudiencebyresearchingand(1)analyzing/analysing__related__information.Thetargetaudienceofouradcampaignishigh-schoolteenagers.WhatBeforeplanningapublicwelfarecampaign，youneedtoknow：▲Whatyouraudiencealreadyknow；▲Whattheyfocuson；▲Whetherthereisanyhistory(2)appealing__tothem；▲Howtheproblemproducesan(3)effect/influenceontheirlives.▲(5)Educatingthemaboutthebadphysicaleffectsofsmoking▲Explaininghowmuch(6)benefittheycangetfromgivingupsmoking▲Showinghowsmokingcauses(7)damagetotheirhealthHowYoucan(4)choose__fromavarietyofwaystomakeyourmessagesunderstoodbyyourtargetaudience.▲Putting(8)large__postersaroundtheschoolwithourlogoandslogan▲(9)Offering/Givingstudentsmoreinformationaboutsmokingonourwebsite▲Publishinganarticleintheschoolmagazineto(10)informstudentsofthedangersofsmoking▲Organizinganessaycompetition1.determinevt.确定，查明；决定；裁决[语境感悟](1)(教材P18)Inordertodetermineyouraudience，youwillneedtodoalittleresearchandanalysisinadvance.为了确定你的受众，你需要预先做一些研究和分析。(2)Shedeterminedonbecominganexcellentdancer.她决心成为一名出色的舞者。(3)Iamdeterminedtodomorningexercisestokeephealthy.为了保持健康，我决定每天做早操。[归纳拓展](1)determinetodosth决心做某事determinesbtodosth使某人决心做某事determineon(doing)sth决定做某事(2)determinedadj.坚定的，坚决的，下定决心的bedeterminedtodosth下决心做某事(3)determinationn.决心[即时跟踪]完成句子①Theteacher’sencouragingwordsdetermined__him__to__study__hard.老师鼓励的话语使他下定决心努力学习。②We__determined__to__go__totherailwaystationatonce.我们决定立刻去火车站。③Helefttheplace，________never________backagain.A.determined；tocomeB.beingdetermined；tocomeC.determined；comingD.determining；coming答案A解析bedeterminedtodosth决定做某事，此短语在句中作伴随状语，故选A。2.reactvi.做出反应；回应；反应[语境感悟](1)(教材P18)Itisimportanttoalwaystrytoappealtotheaudienceinordertogetthemtoreactinacertainway.为了让受众作出预期的反应，始终努力地去吸引他们是非常重要的。(2)—Howdidyourmotherreacttothisnews?——你母亲对这一消息有何反应？—Shereactedbyburstingintotears.——她的反应是哭了。(3)Thegovernmentdecidedtoreactagainsttheprotesters.政府决心对抗那些示威者。[归纳拓展](1)reactto对……做出反应reactagainst反对，反抗(2)reactionn.反应reactionto对……的反应[即时跟踪]完成句子①Willthepeopleeverreact__against__this__cruel__ruler?有朝一日人民会起来反抗这个残暴的统治者吗？②Howwouldpeoplereact__to__the__election__results?人们会对选举结果有什么看法？③Whatwastheaudience’sreaction__to__his__speech?听众对他的发言有何反应？④Youreallyshouldn’thave________tohiscommentonyourworksoviolently.________hemeantnoharmtoyou.A.reacted；Afterall B.responded；AtallC.acted；Afterall D.done；Inall答案A解析句意：你真不应该对他对你工作的评价作出如此剧烈的反应，毕竟，他无意要伤害你。reactto对……作出反应；afterall毕竟，符合题意。atall根本；inall总计，总共。3.urgevt.敦促，力劝；竭力主张n.强烈的欲望，冲动[语境感悟](1)(教材P19)Ifwecanconvinceyoungpeoplenottostart，theymightthenurgetheirparentsandotherpeopletogiveupsmoking，too.如果我们能说服年轻人不要学抽烟，他们可能也会力劝他们的父母和其他人戒烟。(2)Heurgedmetomakeafinaldecision.他催促我作最后的决定。(3)Thereporturgedthatpeopleallaroundtheworld(should)protectourenvironment.这份报告呼吁全世界的人保护环境。[归纳拓展](1)urgesbtodosth/intodoingsth敦促某人做某事urgesthon/uponsb向某人强调某事urgeagainst...极力反对……urgethatsb(should)dosth主张……；力劝某人做某事Itis/wasurgedthat...有人主张……(2)haveanurgetodosth渴望做某事[即时跟踪]用适当的介词填空/完成句子①Idon’twanttourgeyouagainstyourownwish.②Ourcoachurgedthegreatimportanceofteamworkonus.③Theyurged__me__to__eat/into__eatingthestrangefood.他们怂恿我吃那种奇怪的食物。④Sheurgedthat__I__(should)__apologizetohim.她力劝我向他道歉。⑤TheUnitedNations________thetwosidesintheconflicttolaydownarmsimmediatelyandreturntopeacetalks.A.encouraged B.urgedC.invited D.allowed答案B解析句意：联合国敦促冲突双方立即放下武器，恢复和平谈判。urge敦促，符合题意。encourage鼓励；invite邀请；allow允许。4.shockvi.&vt.(使)震惊；(使)惊愕n.震惊，惊愕；休克；打击[语境感悟](1)(教材P19)Wewanttoshockpeopleintorealizingthatmanysmokersdiealltoosoonfromillnessesanddiseasesrelatedtosmoking.我们希望警醒人们，让他们认识到，许多吸烟者死于与吸烟有关的疾病。(2)Iwasshockedtohearofthenewsthattheybrokeup.听说他们分手的消息我很震惊。(3)Tomyshock，helosthispassportonhisvisittoAmerica.使我震惊的是，他去美国旅游时丢了护照。[归纳拓展](1)toone’sshock令某人震惊的是(2)shockedadj.感到震惊的beshockedat/bysth对某事感到震惊beshockedtodosth震惊地去做某事(3)shockingadj.令人惊讶的[即时跟踪]完成句子①Theywere__shocked__by/at__her__rudeness.他们对她的无礼感到震惊。②Hebroughtherfoodagainbutwas__shocked__to__findherdeath.他再次给她带来食物，却震惊地发现她已死亡。③Ourteacher，________atthenewsoftheearthquake，wasatalossforwords.A.shock B.shockedC.shocking D.havingshocked答案B解析句意：我们的老师对地震的消息非常震惊，一下子说不出话来。过去分词shocked作原因状语。1.figureout弄清楚，弄懂；计算出[语境感悟](1)(教材P18)Itisimportanttofigureoutexactlywhatyouwanttotelltheaudienceandwhatyouaretryingtogetthemtodo.重要的是，你得确切弄清楚你想要告诉观众什么，想让他们做什么。(2)Idon’tfigureoutwhatyou’retryingtosay.我不明白你想说什么。(3)Haveyoufiguredinthecostofthehotel?你把旅店的费用算进去了吗？[归纳拓展](1)figureonsth/doingsth计划、打算、预料到某事/做某事figureup合计，把……加起来；计算出figurein被计算进，被考试在内；在……中出现(2)figuren.数字；算术；图解；轮廓[即时跟踪]用适当的介/副词填空①Wemustfigureouthowtosolvetheproblem.②Hesaidhehadn’tfigured__on__gettinghomesolate.③Itmaytakeseveralhourstofigureuptheseexpenses.④Insteadofblamingothersforourfailure，weshould________whattodonextandtryourbesttosucceedinthefuture.A.figureout B.carryoutC.takeout D.putout答案A解析句意：我们不要因为我们的失败而责备别人，我们应当弄清楚下一步我们要做什么，并且尽最大努力去实现将来的成功。figureout弄清楚，符合题意。carryout开展，实施；takeout拿出来；putout扑灭，熄灭。2.appealto(对某人)有吸引力；上诉；向……呼吁(请求)[语境感悟](1)(教材P18)Itisimportanttoalwaystrytoappealtotheaudienceinordertogetthemtoreactinacertainway.为了让受众作出预期的反应，始终努力地去吸引他们是很重要的。(2)SheappealedtotheHighCourtagainstthesentence.她不服判决，并向高等法院提起上诉。(3)Theauthorisappealingtoustobemuchkindertoanimals.作者正呼吁我们要更加善待动物。[归纳拓展](1)appealtosbfor...为……向某人呼吁(请求)appealforsth呼吁某事；请求给予某物appealto/forsbtodosth呼吁/恳请某人做某事(2)makeanappealforsbtodosth呼吁某人做某事[即时跟踪]完成句子①Theideaofcampinghas__never__appealed__to__me.对露营这种想法我从来就不感兴趣。②Thegovernmentisappealing__to/for__everyone__to__save__water.政府呼吁每个人节约用水。③Asidefromthecolor，thedesignisalsoexpectedto________allagesandsocialgroups.A.figureout B.appealtoC.takeover D.reachout答案B解析句意：除了颜色，这个设计也希望吸引各年龄段的人和社会群体。appealto吸引；迎合，符合句意。figureout算出；takeover接管；reachout伸出。3.get...across(把……)讲清楚；(使……)被理解[语境感悟](1)(教材P18)Therearelotsofdifferentwaystogetyourmessageacrosswhenyouareputtingtogetheranadcampaign.当你构思系列广告时，有多种不同的方法可以把你的信息讲清楚。(2)Theteachertriedtoexplaintheproblem，buthisexplanationdidnotgetacrosstotheclass.老师尽力解释这个问题，但是他的解释没有被同学们理解。(3)Hetoldusnottowasteanytimeagainandtogetdowntoourbusiness.他叫我们不要再浪费时间了，赶紧干正事。[归纳拓展]getacrossto向……讲清楚；让……听懂getdownto开始认真做某事；着手处理getover克服；摆脱某种情绪；从……恢复；痊愈getthrough做完；办完；看完；吃完；通过(考试)；接通电话[即时跟踪]用get的相关短语填空①Theparentscouldn’tget__across__toherhowmuchtheyareworriedabouther.②Howareyougoingtoget__throughtheassignment?③Heisjustgetting__overabadheartattack，soheisstillweaknow.④HoweverhardItriedtothinkaboutit，whathesaiddidn’treally________tome.A.figureout B.makeoutC.getacross D.turnout答案C解析句意：不管多么努力地去想，我并没真正地理解他所说的话。getacrosstosb使某人理解……，符合句意。figureout算出；makeout理解；turnout结果是。4.diefrom死亡(外部创伤或间接原因)[语境感悟](1)(教材P19)Wewanttoshockpeopleintorealizingthatmanysmokersdiealltoosoonfromillnessesanddiseasesrelatedtosmoking.我们希望警醒人们，让他们认识到，许多吸烟者死于与吸烟有关的疾病。(2)Manyoldcustomsaredyingout.许多旧习俗正在消失。(3)Theflowersaredyingoffbecausetherehasbeennorain.因为没有雨这些花相继死去了。[归纳拓展]dieof多指死于疾病、饥寒、年老、悲伤、事故等dieout灭绝；逐渐消失eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(diefor,dietodo))渴望；很想……dieaway(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失；停止diedown(兴奋、激动等情绪)渐弱；(火)渐熄；平息dieoff(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)枯死[即时跟踪]选词填空diefrom，dieof，dieaway，dieoff，dieout，diefor①Iamdying__forsomethingtoeat.②Manyvillagersdie__fromsnakebiteseveryyear.③Thatstyleofmusicdied__outtenyearsago.④Hisgrandmotherdied__ofsorrowsoonafterherhusband’sdeath.⑤Therewasgreatexcitementinthestreetsandtheshoutingdidn’t________tillaftermidnight.A.dieaway B.diedownC.dieoff D.dieof答案A解析dieaway用于指声音的逐渐消失，符合句意。diedown用于指火焰的逐渐熄灭、风渐弱以及激动情绪的渐渐平息等；dieoff指一个一个死去，相继而死；dieof死于……(强调内因)。1.现在分词短语作后置定语[语境感悟](1)(教材P18)Unlikeasingleadvertisement，anadcampaignisaplannedprogrammeofadvertisementusingvariouskindsofadstoreachacertainaudience.不同于一则单独的广告，广告宣传活动是预先策划的系列广告，利用各种广告形式去影响特定的观众。(2)Beingaleader，shehastodealwithalotofwork.作为领头人，她不得不处理很多工作。(3)Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，notmoving，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.当灯变绿色时，我站了一会儿，没动，并且问自己要做什么。[归纳拓展]教材原句中的usingvariouskindsofadstoreachacertainaudience是一个现在分词短语用作后置定语(1)单个的现在分词作定语时一般置于被修饰词的前面；现在分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，其用法相当于一个定语从句(2)现在分词还可作状语，表示时间、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，这时该动词与句子的主语之间往往存在主动关系[即时跟踪]完成句子①Thebabyrecognizedhismother’ssmiling__faceandsmiled.那个婴儿认出了妈妈微笑的脸庞，笑了起来。②Thosewanting__to__apply__for__the__job/who__want__to__apply__for__the__jobshouldsignhere.那些想申请这份工作的人请在这里签名。③Not__having__received__a__reply，hedecidedtowriteagain.没有得到答复，他决定再写信。④Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirway________thesunandthestars.A.used B.havingusedC.using D.use答案C解析句意：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语，表示与find同时发生。2.Itis＋adj./n.＋(forsb)todosth[语境感悟](1)(教材P18)Itisimportanttofigureoutexactlywhatyouwanttotelltheaudienceandwhatyouaretryingtogetthemtodo.重要的是，你得确切弄清楚你想要告诉观众什么，想让他们做什么。(2)It’snecessaryforustouseashort-waveradiotopickuptheprogrammes.我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。(3)Itwasfoolishofhimtogiveupthejob.他放弃那份工作是愚蠢的。(4)Itiseveryone’sdutytoobeythelaw.遵守法律是每个人的义务。[归纳拓展]教材原句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语“tofigureout...”。and连接两个由what引导的从句，作figureout的宾语。(1)it作形式主语时本身没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平衡一些。(2)it作形式主语时，it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It＋be＋adj.＋(for/ofsb)todosthIt＋be＋n.＋todosthIttakessbsometimetodosth做某事花了某人……时间。It’suptosbtodosth由某人决定做某事/做……是某人的职责或义务。[即时跟踪]完成句子①It__is__difficult__for__a__foreigner__tolearnChinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。②It’s__careless__of__youtomakesomanymistakesinthisexam.在这次考试中你出了这么多错真是太粗心了。③________comesasnosurprisethatSanFranciscowinsthehonorasthefittestcityintheUSforitssteephillsandfreshfood.A.It B.ThatC.This D.What答案A解析句意：圣弗朗西斯科因它陡峭的小山和新鲜的食物赢得美国最佳城市的荣誉，这一点都不意外。it作形式主语，真正主语为that后的从句。Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Itwasagreatshock(震惊)tousthatalittlegirlinourneighborhoodwasstoleninthebroaddaylight.2.Hemadeacarefulanalysis(分析)oftheproblem.3.Hesmokedatleasthalfapacket(包)ofcigarettesaday.4.Thismedicineispoisonous(有毒的)iftakeninlargequantities.5.Asasuperpopularstar，LuHanoftenappeals(呼吁)to/forhisfanstodevotepublicwelfareundertaking.Ⅱ.选词填空appealto，puttogether，figureout，getacross，dependon1.Childrendepend__ontheirparentsforfoodandclothing.2.Whatmessageareyoutryingtoget__acrosstotheconsumer?3.Theexhibitionhasbeenput__togetherbyagroupofyoungartists.4.Itwilltakemesomemoretimetofigure__outthepresentcomplexsituation.5.TheUNcalledonthetwosidestosolvetheconflictbytalkingratherthanappealing__toforce.Ⅲ.完成句子1.Everyeveningafterdinner，if__not__tired，Iwillwalkmydog.每天晚饭后，如果不累，我会去遛狗。2.It__feels__good__to__lieinthesunorswiminthesea.躺在太阳底下或在海水中游泳，感觉真好。3.Thisaccidentdetermined__him__to__help__more__people__in__need.这次事故让他决心帮助更多的人。4.When__very__young，shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.她很小时就开始学习弹钢琴。5.Hearing__the__good__news，hejumpedwithjoy.听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。Ⅳ.单项填空1.Everybodygot________whentheyheardthe________story.A.shocked;shocked B.shocking;shockingC.shocked;shocking D.shocking;shocked答案C解析句意：当听到这个令人震惊的消息时，大家都震惊了。shocked“震惊的”；shocking“令人震惊的”。2.Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers________theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A.getover B.lookoverC.takeover D.comeover答案A解析句意：团队领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们内心的渴望——想要避免犯错所带来的尴尬。getover克服，恢复；lookover检查，查看；takeover接管，接收；comeover过来，顺便来访。3.WhenIgotbacktotheofficeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________“Sorrytomissyou；willcalllater.”A.read B.readsC.toread D.reading答案D解析read在本句中意思为“让人能看得见”，是连系动词，有主动含义，因此用read的-ing形式作定语最佳，故选D。4.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?—Theboss，nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder________.A.astold B.asaretoldC.astelling D.astheytold答案A解析astold＝astheyweretold，此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。在as，while等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语动词含有be时，可以将从句的主语和be省略。5.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows，________airconditionerunnecessary.A.making B.tomakeC.made D.beingmade答案A解析句意：凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要吹空调了。题中swept是谓语动词，所以make只能用非谓语动词形式；句子主语thecoolingwind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。Ⅰ.单项填空1.________ontheMSN，somepeopleoftenuse“88”for“goodbye”.A.Whenchat B.WhenchattingC.Whenchatted D.Whentochat答案B解析句意：当人们在MSN上聊天时，经常用“88”代替“拜拜”。在when，while，if，unless，evenif等引导的状语从句中，若主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it且谓语部分含be动词时，可以把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略。此题若补充完整则为：WhenpeoplearechattingontheMSN...2.Inwintermanyoldpeopledied________air.A.frompolluting B.frompollutedC.ofpolluted D.ofpolluting答案B解析句意：在冬天许多老人死于被污染的空气。dieof多指死于疾病、饥寒、年老、悲伤、事故等；diefrom多指因外部创伤或间接的原因而死，所以此处用diefrom；空气和污染之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。3.Sometimeswriterscangettheirideas________verywellwithfewwords.A.along B.onC.around D.across答案D解析句意：有时作者用几句话就能讲清楚他们的想法。get...across(把……)讲清楚，符合句意。4.________atmyclassmates，Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.Looking B.LookC.Tolook D.Looked答案A解析动词look和主语I之间是主动关系，应用现在分词looking短语作时间状语。5.________thathissonwoulddowell，Eliotsenthimtoaprivateschool.A.Tobedetermined B.DeterminedC.Beingdetermined D.Todetermine答案B解析句意：埃利奥特坚信儿子会学业优异，因此把他送到私立学校学习。determinedthat...“坚信，决心”，形容词短语作状语，表示原因。6.Thewholeworldwas________whentheylearnedthattheearthquakehadbroughtsomuchdamage.A.concerned B.interestedC.shocked D.frustrated答案C解析句意：当了解到这次地震带来了这么大的损失时，全世界都震惊了。concerned关心的；interested感兴趣的；shocked震惊的；frustrated挫败的，泄气的。由句意知选C。7.Theyhave________mostcarefullythetimeandmoneyneededtocompletetheproject.A.pickedout B.takenoutC.leftout D.figuredout答案D解析句意：他们很仔细地算出了这个项目所需要的时间和金钱。pickout挑选出；takeout拿出来；leaveout省去；figureout计算出。D项符合题意。8.Teachingasacareer________tomanypeoplebecauseofthelongholidays.A.attracts B.callsC.appeals D.pulls答案C解析句意：因为有长假，教师这个职业吸引了很多人。attract“吸引”，是及物动词；calltosb“向某人大声呼喊”；appealtosb“对某人有吸引力”；pull“拉”。9.Shesaidshedidn’tlikeJim，but________，Ithoughthewasanhonestboy，thoughsometimescareless.A.naturally B.personallyC.surprisingly D.fortunately答案B解析句意：她说她不喜欢吉姆，但我个人认为他是个诚实的男孩不过偶尔粗心。从but的语意转折来看，前后两个人的观点是不同的，后者是个人看法，用personally。10.I’mverygratefultomyhighschoolteachers，without________helpIwouldn’tbesoexcellent.A.whom B.themC.whose D.which答案C解析句意：我非常感谢我的高中老师，没有他们的帮助我不会如此优秀。without为介词提前，先行词为teachers，所填词在定语从句中作定语修饰help，故用whose。Ⅱ.完形填空NatishaLukelostherhearingwhenshewasborn.Lukelikesdancingandsinging，and__1__asacashier(收银员)foralargecompany.She’salsothenew“MissDeafUtah”.The19-year-oldgirl__2__inUtah，andnotonlywonthecrownbutalsowas__3__“MissPhotogenic(最上镜小姐)”.Lukewaspretty__4__aboutalltheexperiencesshehad.Nextmonthshe’llbecompetingtobenamed“MissDeafAmerica”.“Iwanttotakepartinit__5__itwillopenmanydoorsforme，andit’llbeagreat__6__，”shesays.“Itwillalsohelpmegetclosertomy__7__，whichistoenteranursingschool.”Shehasalwayshad__8__forkidsandwantedtohelpthesick.Shehasn’tletdeafnessstopherfrom__9__herdreams.LukestudiedattheDesertHillsWardChurchforyears，andit__10__influencedherdecisionsandher__11__oflife.Ithelpedher__12__manydifficultiesthatshehadtofaceduetoherhearing__13__.What’smore，asaspokesperson(代言人)forthe__14__，Lukebelievesshecanmoreeffectively(有效地)__15__hermessageofhopewithothers.Shebelievesinthepositivenatureoflife.“Ifocusonmyability__16__thanmydisability.Ilookforwardtoshowingotherdeafgirlshowtobepositive，andjustlove__17__forwhotheyare，”shesays.“IhopeIcan__18__otherstothinkpositively.__19__myexampleofpositivethinking，IknowIcan__20__andchangelives.”Whatagreatgirl!1.A.turns B.actsC.works D.seems答案C解析根据下文“foralargecompany”可知，她在一个大公司做收银员。workas担当……职位。故选C。2.A.completed B.competedC.organised D.matched答案B解析根据下文“andnotonlywonthecrown”可知，这个19岁的女孩在犹他州比赛。compete竞争，比赛。故选B。3.A.recovered B.receivedC.named D.replaced答案C解析根据下文“benamed‘MissDeafAmerica’”可知，这个19岁的女孩在犹他州竞争，不仅获得了桂冠，而且被命名为最上镜小姐。name命名。故选C。4.A.excited B.worriedC.surprised D.hopeful答案A解析根据上下文，可知Luke对于她的经历感到兴奋。excited感到兴奋的。故选A。5.A.though B.whileC.when D.because答案D解析我要参加它，因为它可以给我打开很多门。表示因果关系，用because。故选D。6.A.purpose B.experienceC.opinion D.skill答案B解析根据上文“alltheexperiencesshehad”可知，她认为这是一次很棒的经历。experience经历。故选B。7.A.point B.dreamC.duty D.style答案B解析根据下文“whichistoenteranursingschool”可知，这会帮助她更接近梦想。dream梦想。故选B。8.A.need B.helpC.pity D.love答案D解析她也爱孩子，想帮助病人。love爱。故选D。9.A.satisfying B.consideringC.spreading D.realizing答案D解析realize意识到，实现。她不会让失聪阻止她实现梦想。故选D。10.A.hardly B.stronglyC.seriously D.eventually答案B解析根据下文“Ithelpedher________manydifficultiesthatshehadtofaceduetoherhearing...”可知，在theDesertHillsWardChurch学习对她的决定影响很大。strongly强烈地。故选B。11.A.view B.memoryC.sense D.position答案A解析它强烈地影响她的决定和人生观。view观点。故选A。12.A.giveup B.dealwithC.careabout D.lookfor答案B解析它帮助她应付由于失聪不得不面对的困难。dealwith处理，应付。故选B。13.A.limit B.deathC.danger D.loss答案D解析根据上文“NatishaLukelostherhearingwhenshewasborn.”可知，她是失聪的。loss缺失，损失。故选D。14.A.weak B.poorC.deaf D.blind答案C解析根据上文“NatishaLukelostherhearingwhenshewasborn.”可知，Luke作为聋哑人的代言人。deaf聋的。故选C。15.A.share B.changeC.collect D.divide答案A解析Luke相信她能更有效地和他人分享希望的消息。share分享。故选A。16.A.better B.otherC.rather D.less答案C解析我专注于我的能力而不是我的残疾。ratherthan而不是。故选C。17.A.herself B.himselfC.ourselves D.themselves答案D解析用反身