2020年高考英语复习 情态动词

--PAGE8-高考英语复习情态动词【壹】什么是情态（助）动词？他在家吗？Heisathome.（事实）Hemustbeathome.（非常肯定的推断）90%Hecouldbeathome.（很可能）60~70%Hemaybeathome.（仅仅可能而已）30~50%Hemightbeathome.（或许，非常不确定）10~25%Hemightnotbeathome.（也许不在家）Hemaynotbeathome.（比might可能）Hecouldn'tbeathome.（很可能不在家）Hecan'tbeathome.（一定不在家）90%Heisn'tathome.（事实）一、情态动词列举may/mightcan/couldwill/wouldshall/shouldmustneeddareusedtooughttohadbetter二、使用情态动词的意义1、基本功能做事的能力“潜（cn/cu）Icanlift25kg.Icantype.允许（may/might）Youmayleaveearly.预告（will/would/shall）Itwillrainsoon.－Canwefindourwayhome?－I'msureweshall.不可推卸的义务和责任（should/oughtto/must）Youshoulddo(asyouaretold).Yououghttodoasyouaretold.Youmustbequiet.请求MayIhaveyourname,please?CanIuseyourpen?……你生病了，得去看医生！Youmustseeadoctor.Ithinkitmightpossiblybeadvisableforyoutoseeadoctor.2“推测”功能三、情态动词的语法特征1、没有人称和数的变化第一组Ihaveabook.Hehasabook.Theyhaveabook.第二组IenjoywatchingTV.WeenjoywatchingTV.HeenjoyswatchingTV.第三组Heissleeping.Iamsleeping.Theyaresleeping.对比Hecanswim.Icanswim.Wecanswim.Youcanswim.2、后接动词原形一起作谓语Wemustexerciseregularly.Hemaycomelateforathirdtime.Shecanswimacrosstheriver.【贰】各种“推测”的用法可以根据推测的时间，分为三种情况：①推测将来情况：用“情态动词+动词原形”Shemay/might/couldcometomorrow.②推测现在况用“情动词动原形（或情态词+be现在分词）Hisfathercan’tbeathomenow.Hemaystayathomenow.Hismothermustbecookingnow.③推测过去情况：用“情态动词+have+过去分词”Shemusthavereadthebook.她一定读过这本书。Shecan’thavebeentherebefore.她以前不可能去过那里。在表示“推测”时，情态动词用原形还是过去式，反映的是可能性大小而不是时态XHHishandsome.（事实）XHHmustbehandsome.（非常肯定的推断）XHHcouldbehandsome.（很可能）XHHmaybehandsome.（仅仅可能而已）XHHmightbehandsome.（或许，非常不确定）XHHmightnotbehandsome.（也许不在家）XHHmaynotbehandsome.（比might可能）XHHcouldn'tbehandsome.（很可能不在家）XHHcan'tbehandsome.（一定不在家）XHHisn'thandsome.（事实）一“情态动词+动词原形”推测现在或将来情况1、may与can表示推测①can表示理论上推测，多用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。eantbetm.他可能家（什这？是论推出的）Canthenewsbetrue?这消息可能是真的吗？（问时，实际上在思考在推理）【小试牛刀】Thebookisneitheryoursnormine.Whose itbe?B.may ②ay和ight用于表事实的能性“预用于肯句。Itmayraintomorrow.（表示可能会发生）Hemaynotcometomorrow.（他明天可能不来）Hecan'tcometomorrow.（他明天不可能来）【小试牛刀】Thetrafficisheavythesedays.I arriveabitlate,socouldyousavemeaplace?B.Johnny,you playwiththeknife,you hurtyourself.won’t;can’t B.mustn’t（千万不能）;mayC.shouldn’t;must D.can’t;shouldn’t③用于否定句ant常译“可而aynot常译“可能。【小试牛刀】You behungryalready―youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!B.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers notlikethedesignofthefurniture.B.-Iheardtheywentskiing(inthemountains)(lastwinter).-It true(becausetherewaslittlesnowthere).maynotbe B.won’tbeC.couldn’tbe D.mustn’tbe2、should表示推测suld表示测表示可或期意思照理应语气比较肯定；通常指非常可能的事，并暗示其推测有一定的事实依据或者合乎常理。Heshouldbehavingclassnow.他现在应该是在上课。【小试牛刀】-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They bereadyby12:00.B.-How'syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?-It be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.B.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There betwelve.B.3、must表示推测ust表示推时作“一其否为cn，而snt译作“万不要”【小试牛刀】-Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.-Ah,goodmorning.You beMrs.Peters.B.It bethepostmanatthedoor.It'sonlysixo'clock.B.Thenewlawstatesthatpeople driveafterdrinkingalcohol.B.二“情态动词+ha+one”推测过去情况1、musthavedone肯定：musthavedone过去一定做了某事否定：can't/couldn'thavedone不可能已经做了某事【小试牛刀】Jackdescriedhisfather,who abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.wouldbe B.wouldhavebeenC.mustbe D.musthavebeenIhavelostoneofmygloves.I itsomewhere.mustdrop B.musthavedroppedC.mustbedropping D.musthavebeendroppedMysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe yourlecture.couldn’thaveattended B.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattended D.shouldn’thaveattendedIinA.can’thavebeen B.mustn’thavebeenC.mustbe D.maybe2、could/may/mighthavedone或许已经做了某事couldhavedone的可能性要大于mayhavedonemayhavedone的可能性要大于mighthavedone陈述句中不用canhavedone【小试牛刀】SorryI'mlate.I haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.B.Ican'tfindmypurseanywhere.-You havelostitwhileshopping.B.-Happybirthday!-Thankyou!It’sthebestpresentI for.shouldhavewished B.musthavewished.C.mayhavewished D.couldhavewished3、can推测过去情况时，也不能用于肯定句cancould不但可以用于否定句和疑问句，也可以用于肯定句。Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom.Whocouldhavedoneit?CanhehavegonetotheUSA?他可能已经去美国了吗？Hecan'thavegonetotheUSA.他不可能已经去美国了。【小试牛刀】DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn'tfindhimanywhere.-Well.He havegonefarhiscoat’sstillhere.B.-Awomanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.-It herhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.mustn’tbe B.couldn’thavebeenC.maynothavebeen D.mustn’thavebeenMyMP4playerisn'tinmybag.Where Ihaveputit?B.4、shouldhavedone“按理应该已经”大部情下dvede只示本该某事而做。但是如果句中有byshould就单纯是推测，而使用完成时是因为bynow的缘故，这样的用法是用来表示说话的那一刻你并不知道是否发生，只是觉得可能发生了什么。比如：iasbnmeyo.在ia已到了现完时）Soniashouldhavebeenhomebynow.Doyouthinkshe’sOK?Sonia现在应该已经回家了吧。你觉得她还好么？【小试牛刀】They havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.B.5、情态动词表推测时的反义疑问句含有情态动词表推测的句子在变反义疑问句时，要按其去掉推测时的情况来变。Hemustbereading,isn’the?(Heisreading,isn’the?)Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?(Hehasgoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?)Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?(Itrainedlastnight,didn’tit?)后面有表示过去的时间状语时，按一般过去时来变，否则按完成时来变。【小试牛刀】Shemusthaveforgottenabouttheclass, ?doesn’tshe B.mustn’tsheC.hasn’tshe D.won’tsheItmusthaverainedlastnight, it?B.Youmustbeawriter, you?B.【叁】情态动词的基本用法一、can的用法1、can表示“能够”【小试牛刀】Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI notfindthetime.B.Youdon'thavetoknowthename(oftheauthor)(tofindabook).You findthebookbythetitle.B.2、can与beableto1) 二者都可表示过去时间的能力，但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用beable表示潜在的能力。2) can只有现在式和过去式，而beableto则可以用于更多的时态。Willyoubeabletocometonight?I’msorryIhaven’tbeenabletoansweryouletter.【小试牛刀】Joewasanexcellentswimmer,sohe swimbacktothebankwhentheshipsank.B.to Theywill runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.B.be二、may的用法1、mayI与shallIMayI表示自己请求别人，对自己有利；shallI征求对方意见，问对方想不想让自己做某事，对对方有利。MayIhavealookatyournewwatch?我可以看一下你的手表吗？ShallIclosethewindow?要不要我把窗户关上。【小试牛刀】-Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins. Ihavealook?

-Yes,certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should- ItellJohnaboutit?-No,youneedn’t.Ihavetoldhimalready.B.2、maywellmaywell：很可能（Ifyousaythatsomethingmaywellhappen,youmeanthatitislikelytohappen.）如：Shemaywellnotwanttotravelalone.【小试牛刀】Liza wellnotwanttogoonthetripshehatestraveling.B.3“ay主语动词原形”表示“祝愿……”Mayyousucceed!Mayyoubehappy!三、must的用法1、must表示“一定、必须”mustneedn't或don'thave=don'thaveto）【小试牛刀】Ican'tleave.ShetoldmethatI stayhereuntilshecomesback.B.IcanIcanleave.Ican'tleave.Ifyou go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.B.may -MustIgotoworkwithyou?-No,you .Linda gowithme.mustn’t;can B.can’t;hastoC.daren’t;should D.needn’t;may-ShallIinformhim(ofthechange)(oftheschedule)(rightnow)?-Iamafraidyou ,incasehecomeslate(forthemeeting).B.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyou worryaboutparking.（needn't）mustnot B.maynot C.shouldnot D.don’thaveto-Lucydoesn'tmindlendingyouherdictionary.-She .I’vealreadyborrowedone.B.2、must表示自然规律，或必然结果Badseedmustproducebadcorn.3、must与havetohaveto与must含义相似，往往可以互换使用。must与haveto有下列几点不同：①musthave观需要。如：Theplayisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.这部剧没意思。我真的必须现在就走。IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.当我像你这么大时，我不得不工作。②ust只有ust一种形（ut的过去式仍为shve则有更多的时态形式；must用于过去时时，常替换为hadto。Hesaidhehadtogo.Iwillhavetostayathometomorrow.③二者的否定意义不大相同。如：Youmustn'tgo.你千万不要去。Yudn'taveog.不必去=dt）四、should的用法1、should表示“应该”①hld表示劝、建议命令为“应其同词是ht；oughtto表示义务或责任，比should语气重。Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.②在疑问句中，通常用should代替oughtto。如：ShouldIopenthewindow?Ishouldopenthewindow.Ioughttoopenthewindow.【小试牛刀】Accordingtotheai