2020-2021中考英语试卷分类汇编英语任务型阅读理解附答案

2020-2021中考英语试卷分类汇编英语任务型阅读理解（附答案）一、英语任务型阅读.阅读短文，完成表格HaveyoureadanybooksbyWashingtonIrving？NowIwilltellyouastorywrittenbyhim.ThenameofthestoryisRipVanWinkle,anditisalsothenameoftheherointhisstory.Therearethreecharactersinthisstory,RipVanWinkleandhiswife,DameVanWinkleandtheirdog,Woof.DameVanWinkleisasharp-tongued（说话尖酸的、刻薄的）woman.BothRipVanWinkleandthedogareterrifiedofher,evenofhervoice.ThereisascenethatcandescribehowRipVanWinkleandhisdogfeelinfrontofDameVanWinkle:Riphadjustonewayofreplyingtohiswife'stalk:heonlyputhisheadbackonhisshoulders,lookeduptowardheaven,andsaidnothing...True,inthewoods,Woofwasasbraveasanhonorabledogshouldbe，butassoonasWoofenteredthehouse,hisheadbentlow,histaillayonthegroundorcurledbetweenhislegs.Hewentaroundthehousewithaguiltylook,watchingDameVanWinkleoutofthecornerofhiseyes,readytorunfromtheroomattheslightestsignofherdispleasure.ThiswasthetimewhenEnglandruledAmerica.Oneday,RipVanWinklewentintothemountainwithhisdogforanescapeofhiswife.Hedranksomethinggivenbysomestrangersandfellasleep.Thatwas20years!HiswifediedandAmericagotfreedomfromEngland,andIthinkthat'swhatthestorywantstotellus:boththepoorman'sindependenceandnation'sindependence.WhydoesIrving'sstoryattractpeople?Becausehewrotesovividly（生动地）.Thatsetsmethinking:Howheobservedthingssocarefully?Ifyoureadthroughthisstory,youcan'thelpsmilingorlaughingfromtimetotime!（1）RipVanWinkleWriter—Numberofcharacters—MaindescriptionofRip'swife—Theme—Reasonsforitsbeauty—【答案】（1）WashingtonIrving；three；DameVanWinkleisasharp-tonguedwoman；boththepoorman'sindependenceandnation'sindependence；Becausehewrotesovividly.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍美国作家华盛顿・欧文的小说《瑞普・凡・温克》的故事情节、人物、主题以及吸引人的原因等。（1）writer意为作者，在第一句话中HaveyoureadanybooksbyWashingtonIrving？可以找到。by表示“被〃，其后常常是作者的名字。所以答案是WashingtonIrvingo（2）Numberofcharacters人物数量，根据第一段Therearethreecharactersinthisstory,RipVanWinkleandhiswife,DameVanWinkleandtheirdog,Woof.可知小说中有三个人物，即：瑞普・凡・温克；他的妻子Dame和狗Woof。故答案为three。（3）MaindescriptionofRip'swife对瑞普妻子的主要描写，根据第一段DameVanWinkleisasharp-tongued（说话尖酸的、刻薄的）woman.BothRipVanWinkleandthedogareterrifiedofher,evenofhervoice.可知，她是一个泼妇，瑞普和他们的狗都害怕她，甚至害怕她的声音。所以答案为DameVanWinkleisasharp-tonguedwoman.（4）theme主题，倒数第二段最后一句whatthestorywantstotellus是主旨的同意表达，所以冒号后面的：boththepoorman'sindependenceandnation'sindependence就是答案。（5）Reasonsforitsbeauty（小说）漂亮的原因，根据最后一段首句WhydoesIrving'sstoryattractpeople?可以判断attract（吸引）为同意表达，所以后面的Becausehewrotesovividly.（因为他写的栩栩如生）是答案。【点评】阅读表达首先要弄清楚文章的题材，结构，然后根据表格的要求在文中找到关键字，答案一定在关键字周围。.阅读下文并回答问题。InJinzhong,ShanxiProvince,thereisagroupofpeoplewhoarebusydrawingmapsaround.Theyarenotworkersongeography,butdispatchers（调度员）onEmergency（急救）Centerofthecity.Since2007,thedispatchersinthecenterhavebeendrawingmapsofthelocalareas."Adispatcher'sjobiscountedinseconds,"saysLiangRuimei,adispatcherinthecenter.Shehasbeenworkinginthecentersinceitstartedin2007."Wemustanswerthephonein3seconds,getclearinformationaboutthepatientin60secondsanddispatch（调度）emergencymedicalworkersin3minutesatmost.Ifwesaveonesecond,thepatientmayhaveabetterchancetolive."Althoughnowadaysthecenterhaselectronicmaps,thedispatchersstillwalkthroughthestreetstodrawmapsbyhand.Aftermanyyears'hardwork,thedispatcherskeepeverybuildingandstreetofthecityinmind.Theyevenknowwhetherornotacarcanenterthegateofabuilding.Sometimesthecallercan'ttellclearlywhereheis,butitdoesn'tmatter.Aslongashedescribesthebuildingsaround,thedispatchercandispatchemergencymedicalworkerstohim."WearetryingtobequickerthanDeath,"saysLiang.IsLiangRuimeiadispatcherinEmergencyCenterofJinzhong?WhendidEmergencyCenterofJinzhongstart?TobequickerthanDeath,whatdothedispatchersinEmergencyCenterofJinzhongdo?Doyouthinkitnecessaryfordispatcherstodrawmapsbyhandwhentheyhaveelectronicmaps?Whyorwhynot?【答案】(1)Yes,sheis.In2007.Theyremembereverycornerofthecitythroughhand-mademaps,anddispatchemergencymedicalworkerstotherightplaceassoonaspossible.Yes.Becausemapsbyhandshowsmallfactsofthecitymorecorrectlyandelectronicmapsmaynotworksometimes.No.Becauseelectronicmapsareeasiertouseandcanshowthelatestroadsituation.3.阅读下面的短文，然后根据文章内容简要回答小题。StephenHawkingwasborninEnglandin1942.He'soneofthemostfamousscientistsonspaceandtimeintheworld.HeiscalledtheKingoftheUniverse.HestudiedmathandscienceatOxfordUniversity,thenhebecameseriouslyill,whichmadehimunabletospeakorbreathewithoutthehelpofmachines.HewentontostudyatCambridgeUniversityaftergraduatingfromOxfordUniversity.In1965,hegotaDoctor'sDegreeofphilosophy(哲学).Becauseofhisseriousillness,itwasdifficultforhimtodrawdiagramsortowrite.Sohestartedtothinkinpictures.Withthisnewwayofthinking,heisrespectedbypeopleintheworld.Thenin1988,hewrotehisfirstimportantbook,ABriefHistoryof.Ttiwassoldmorethan5.5millioncopiesinover33differentlanguages.HewasonceinvitedtoChinatogivelectures(做演讲).Hisself-confidenceandhumouousconversationsimpressedusdeeply.WasHawkingborninEngland?(nomorethan3words)WhatdidHawkingstudyatOxfordUniversity?(nomorethan3words)WhendidHawkinggethisDoctor'sDegreeofphilosophy?(nomorethan2words)What'sthenameofHawking'sfirstimportantbook?(nomorethan5word)WherewasHawkingonceinvitedtogivelectures?(1word)【答案】(1)Yes,hewas./Yes.(2)Mathandscience.(3)In1965.(4)ABriefHistoryofTime.(5)China.4.任务型阅读(1)阅读下面短文，从方框中所给的A-E五个选项中选择正确的选项(其中一项是多余选项)。Rememberthereishopeforeveryone!OpenyoureyesandyouarereadytogoYourmindgoesblank!Bemoresilent!Well,don'tdothat!PublicspeakingisoneofthetopthreefearsamongadultsinboththeUKandtheUS.Herearesomesuggestionsthatdealwithsomeofthemostcommonproblemspeopleexperiencewithpublicspeaking.InvitetheattentioninDoyouhatethatmomentwhenyoustandupinfrontofagrouptospeakandeverybodylooksatyou?.It'sasignthatpeopleareinterestedandwanttohearwhatyouhavetosay.Welcomethoselooks!BeatthebrainfreezeHaveyoueverbeeninthemiddleofspeakingandsuddenly brainfreeze!.Itispossiblethatyouforgotsomethingforthemoment.Andyouareholdingyourbreath!Allyouneedtodoistotrustyourself,clearyourmind,focusandbreathe.Thethoughtswillcomerushingbacktoyourmindinnotime.Phew!IncreaseyourconfidenceUsethisexercisetogetintouchwiththe"naturallyconfident（自信的）you"inside.Closeyoureyesandrememberaspecialtimeyoufeltreallyrelaxedandconfident.Imaginethefeelingofrelaxationrushingthroughyourwholebody.Itwillpassinformationtoyourbrainthatyouareconfidentandhappy.Whetheryouaresomeonewhojustwantstomovefromgoodtogreatwithyourspeaking,orsomeonewhofeelstooafraidtostandupandspeak,thegreatnewsisthatyoucanmoveforward,berelaxed,andturnintoagreatspeaker.（2）Writedownanothersuggestiononhowtobecomeagoodspeaker.答案不多于5个单词）【答案】（1）E；C；B；A（2）Makeaspeecheveryday.（答案不唯一，合理即可）5.阅读短文，把A-E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整。AgreatfestivalfortheChinesetakesplaceonthe15thdayofthe8thChineselunarmonth.TheMid-AutumnFestivalhasitstypicalfood—themooncake,whichisroundanddelicious.LongagotherewasakinginChinawhowasverycruel残暴的）tothepeopleandthecountrydidn'tgowell.Sotheywrotenotestellingaboutthemeetingplaceandtimeandputthemintocakes.Onthe15thofAugusteverypersonwastoldtobuythecakes.Whentheyatethem,theydiscoveredthenotes.Sotheygottogethertomakeasuddenattack进攻）ontheking.Fromthenon,theChinesepeoplecelebratedonAugust15h.WhentheMid-AutumnFestivalisnear,shopownersdecorate（装饰）theirshopwindowsbeautifullywithpicturesofancientChineseladies.Peoplegotobuymanykindsofmooncakes.Ontheeveningoftheday,peopleandtheirfamilyhaveabigmeal.Afterit,theywatchthefullestandbrightestmoon.Thereisapopularfolkstoryaboutit.Theyatecakesinmemoryofthatimportantevent.It'scalledtheMid-AutumnFestivalortheChineseMoonFestival.Thepeopleweresoangrythatsomebraveonessuggestedkillingtheking.Andtheysendpresentssuchaswine,fruitsandmooncakestotheirfriendsandrelatives.【答案】C；A；D；B；E阅读短文，然后按要求完成问题。HerearetwooldstoriesfromChinesehistory.TheChinesepeoplehavetoldthemformanyyears.OneisastoryaboutCaoCao'sson,acleverboynamedCaoChong.Oneday,CaoCaogotahugeelephantfromSunQuanandhewantedtoknowtheweightofit.Becausetherewasn'tascalelargeenough,somesoldiersadvisedhimto(A)itup.ButCaoCaodidn'twanttokilltheelephant.Justthen,CaoChongcameupwithagreatidea.Heaskedsomesoldierstoleadtheelephantontoabout.Astheheavyanimalwalkedontoit,theboatwentlowerintothewater.AfterCaoChongdrewalineonthesideoftheboattomarkhowlowitwent,theelephantwastakenofftheboat.(B)Theboatwasfiledwithrocksuntilthewaterreachedthelineontheboat.CaoChongthenweighedtherocks.Therocksandtheelephantwereofthesameweight.(C)曹操对他的儿子生常满意。TheotherstoryisaboutawisemannamedZhugeLiang.Hewasaskedtomake100,000arrows(箭)within10days.Hetold(D)hissoldierstofill20largeboatswithmanystrawmen.Intheearlymorningofthethirdday,thesoldierssaidtheboatstowardsthecampsofCaoCao'sarmyontheothersideoftheriver.Theyshoutedandboattheirdrumsloud.WhenCaoCao'ssoldiersheardthesounds,theythoughttheywere(E)attack.However,theycouldnotseethroughthethicktogontheriver.CaoCaoorderedhissoldierstoshootarrowstowardsthesoundsofthedrumsandtheshouting.ZhugeLianggotenougharrowsandthensailedbacksuccessfully.(1)在文中(A)和(C)的空白处填入适当的单词(A)(C)(2)将文中划线部分(B)改写为:Theboatwasrocks.(3)将文中划线部分(C)译成英语：(4)文中划线部分(D)指代的是：(5)从文中找出两个历史人物：【答案】(1)cut；under(2)full；of(3)CaoCaowas(very)happy/satisfied/pleasedwithhisson.(4)ZhugeLiang's(5)CaoCao/CaoChong/ZhugeLiang/SunQuan(任选两个)阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。DumplingsYouneed:Wrappers(饺子皮)vegetablesbeefsaltSteps.Putbeefinabowl..Cutthevegetablesintosmallpieceswithaknife..Addthevegetablestothebeet.Thenaddalittleoilandsalt..Mixwithchopsticks..Putaspoonfuloffiling(馅)inawrapperandtoldthewrapperaroundit.Putthedumplingsintheboilingwater.atethedumplingsoutwhenthey甘。31(漂浮)tothesurface..Putthedumplingsonaplate.Isthetextaboveamenu?Besidesthevegetables,whatelsedoyouaddtothebeef?Howdoyoumixthefiling?Whendoyoutakethedumplingsout?Wheredoyouputthedumplingsatlast?【答案】(1)No./No,itisn'tAlittleoilandsalt./Oilandsalt.Withchopsticks./Byusingchopsticks.Whentheyfloattothesurface.(5)Onaplate.8.根据短文内容完成表格，每空一词。LeonardodaVinci(莱奥纳多•达多奇)wasafamousartistwhowasborninItaly.Hewasalsoagreatinventor.Manyofhisinventionshavebecomeimportantinmodernlife.AlthoughLeonardohatedwar,heinventedmanydifferentmachinesusedforwar.Hismostspecialinventionwasthemachinegun,whichwasproducedandusedinwar.Besides,Leonardospentdaysthinkingabouthowtosavetime.Hedevelopedideasforsomethinglikecuttingmachines.Leonardwasastrangeman.Heneveratemeat.Thatwasveryunusualinthosetimes(时代).Heneverpublished(发表)scientificdiscoveries.Heusuallyusedmirrorwriting,whichlookslikeusualwritinginamirror,startingfromtherightsideofthepageandmovingtotheleftside.Onlyafewofhispaintingsarelefttoday.Manypaintingswerenotfinishedbecausehethoughttheywerenotperfect.Leonardowastalentedandcreative.Hewasregardedasoneofthemostintelligentmenintheworld.LeonardodaVinciHisstatus（身份）Notonlyanartistbutalsoan HisinventionandideasThemachine IdeasforsomethinglikemachinesusedtoHisstrangebehaviorsHeneveratemeat.HeneverpublisheddiscoveriesconnectedwithHeusedmirrorwriting. onlyafewofhispaintingsarelefttodayBecausemanypaintingswerenotfinished.【答案】inventor；gun；cut；science；Why【解析】【分析】主要讲了达芬奇的身份、发明观点、奇怪的行为及绘画。（1）根据Hewasalsoagreatinventor.可知也是一名发明家，an后面一单数，故填inventor。（2）根据Hismostspecialinventionwasthemachinegun可知发明了机器枪，故填gun。（3）根据Hedevelopedideasforsomethinglikecuttingmachines.可知想出了切的机器，即机器用来切，beusedtodo被用来做某事，故填cut。（4）根据Heneverpublished（发表）scientificdiscoveries.可知他从不发表科学发现，即从不发表与科学有关的发现，with是介词，后面一名词，所以用scientific的名词science，故填science。（5）根据Onlyafewofhispaintingsarelefttoday.Manypaintingswerenotfinishedbecausehethoughttheywerenotperfect.可知讲了他的画被留下的原因是他认为不完美，故填Why。【点评】考查任务型阅读，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题仔细从文中寻找答案。9.阅读短文，回答问题及翻译划线部分的句子。Itissaidthateveryonehastwoboxeshungonournecks.Thesmallboxatthefrontisfullofotherpeople'smistakes,whilethebigoneatthebackisfilledwithourownshortcomings（^/点）.Mostoftime,it'seasytofindotherpeople'smistakes.It'shardforustoseeourmistakesbehindus.AboycalledTony,alwayslookedatthefrontboxtocheckwhatwasinit.Hesawotherpeople'smistakesveryquickly.WhenBenwasimpatientwithhim,hesaidtoBen,"It'ssoeasyforyoutogetangry.Itishardtobefriendswithyou."HetoldhismotherthatMichaelwasdishonest."Michaeltakesmythingswithoutasking.Andheforgetstoreturnthem."Tonyhimselfdidnotlikesharinghisthingswithanyone.WhenJohnwastootiredtogohikingwithhim,hesaid,"Youaresuchanunfriendlyperson."HethoughtNickwastooproudofhisrichparents.ButTonywassoproudofhimselfbecausehecouldnotseeanyofhisownmistakes!①Hecouldnotunderstandwhyhedidn'tgetonwellwithothers.Thenhismothersaidtohim,"Ifyouchangetheboxesaround,maybeyoucanfindtheanswer."Hediditashismothersaid,andhisfaceturnedred.②他发壬见自己并不比其他同学更好.What'sinthebackbox?DidTonyalwayslookatthefrontboX?WhatdidTonythinkofhisfourclassmate?（4）请将划线的句子①翻译成为中文.（5）请将划线的句子②翻译成为英文.【答案】（1）Ourownshortcomings.（2）Yes,hedid.InTony'sopinion,Benwaseasytogetangry,Michaelwasdishonest,JohnwasunfriendlyandNickwastooproudofhisparents.（4）他不能理解为什么他不能和其他人很好的相处。（5）Hefoundhewasnotbetterthanothers.【解析】【分析】主要讲了Tony总是看见他人的错误，却看不见自己的缺点。（1）根据whilethebigoneatthebackisfilledwithourownshortcomings然而在背后的那个大盒子装满了自己的缺点.可以得知背后的盒子里面的是我们自己的缺点，故答案为Ourownshortcomings。（2）根据AboycalledTony，alwayslookedatthefrontboxtocheckwhatwasinit.一个叫做托尼的男孩，总是看着自己面前的盒子里面有什么，由此可知托尼总是看着面前的盒子，故采用肯定回答，故答案为Yes，hedid.。（3）根据hesaidtoBen，"It'ssoeasyforyoutogetangry.Itishardtobefriendswithyou."他对本说，"你太容易生气了，很难和你做朋友"，HetoldhismotherthatMichaelwasdishonest他告诉他的妈妈迈克尔很不诚实，WhenJohnwastootiredtogohikingwithhim，hesaid，"Youaresuchanunfriendlyperson."当约翰太累而不和他去远足时，他说，"你真是一个不友好的人"，HethoughtNickwastooproudofhisrichparents.他认为尼克太骄傲于富裕的父母，结合四个线索句可知在托尼看来Ben是个容易生气的人，迈克尔是个不诚实的人，约翰是个不友好的人，尼克是个骄傲于父母的人，因为全文用一般过去时，故回答也采用一般过去时，故答案为InTony'sopinion，Benwaseasytogetangry，Michaelwasdishonest，JohnwasunfriendlyandNickwastooproudofhisparents。（4）couldnot意思是不能；understand意思是理解，why意思是为何，getonwellwith意思是和某人相处的好；others意思是其他人，故答案为：他不能理解为什么他不能和其他人很好的相处.。（5）根据他发现自己并不比其他同学更好，也可以理解为他发现，比起别人他不是更好的，发现一词采用find，由于时态为一般过去时，故find变为found，比别人则用thanothers，不是更好的用wasnotbetter，故答案为：Hefoundhewasnotbetterthanothers.。【点评】考查任务型阅读，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题从文中仔细寻找答案。10.阅读短文，并按要求完成问题。Criticalthinking（批判性思维）istryingtoimprovethewayyouthink.Peopleusecriticalthinkingineveryareaoflifetosolveproblemsandevaluateclaims评估主张）.Likeeveryotherskill,criticalthinkingtakespractice.Whenaproblemcomesourway,weneedtothinkcriticallytodecidehowtosolveit.Whenweseeanadvertisement,forexample,weshouldstopandthink.Advertisementsaremadetomakepeoplefeelcertainthattheyaretrue,andthenpeoplecanbuytheproducts.Butiswhattheadvertisementsaystrue?Isitmakingaclaim?Ordoesitonlyinterestus?Criticalthinkingisimportantandstopsusfrommakingpoorchoices.Infact,weareusingitifweaskquestionsnaturallyaboutw