2023学年完整公开课版专题08饮食2

备战2021年高考英语主题阅读专练专题08饮食话题：完形填空法国人吃大量油腻食品，但仍然保持苗条身材的原因。阅读理解A篇作者在幼儿园时，怀特小姐通过各种方式鼓励自己。B篇在学习过程中适当的休息有助于学生更好地学习。C篇加拿大学生对课程的选择七选五如何成为一名好学生？改错介绍中国茶文化以及喝茶的好处。语法填空校园暴力以及如何预防校园暴力一、完形填空阅读短文,掌握其大意,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。TherearetoomanyfatpeopleinAmerica,somanyAmericansarefightingagainstoverweight.Butthe1thingisthattheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,2tostaythin.Nowa3byCornellUniversitysuggests4lifestyleanddecisionsabout5mayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludedthattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeel6.However,Americanstendtostopwhentheir7areemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover.AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,a8expert,theFrenchseeeating9animportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespenda10timeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingas11tobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericans12theabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhave13.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedand14foodsfortheweek.TheFrench,15tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers’marketswheretheyhavea16offreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashigh-qualitymeatsforeachmeal.AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrenchWomenDon’tGetfat,decidedto17abouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoid18.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarelygoestothegym.Inspiteofallthesedifferences,evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestyle19maybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesity(肥胖)—orextremeoverweight—amongadultsisonly6%.However,asAmericanfastfoodgains20andtheyoungrejectoldertraditions,theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%—andisgrowing.A．presentB．naturalC．strangeD．modernA．continueB．moveC．tryD．expandA．researchB．novelC．bookD．newspaperA．thatB．whatC．howD．whenA．workingB．livingC．studyingD．eatingA．sensitiveB．sadC．happyD．fullA．pocketsB．refrigeratorsC．housesD．platesA．educationB．healthC．literatureD．speechA．intoB．asC．insideD．toA．fairlylongB．fairlyshortC．veryexcitingD．ratherfastA．anythingB．somethingC．everythingD．nothingA．getB．bringC．loseD．receiveA．keptB．enjoyedC．wentD．stoppedA．hotB．coolC．warmD．frozenA．thereforeB．insteadC．howeverD．merelyA．choiceB．messageC．orderD．numberA．writeB．readC．speakD．thinkA．fruitB．foodC．oilD．eggA．examplesB．traditionC．changesD．storiesA．failureB．successC．acceptanceD．rejection【答案】C2.A3.A4.C5.D6.D7.D8.B9.B10.AB12.C13.D14.D15.B16.A17.A18.B19.C20C【解析】文章通过对比，介绍了法国人吃大量油腻食品，但仍然保持苗条身材的原因：生活方式和关于饮食的决定。考查形容词词义辨析。A.present出席的，到场的；B.natural自然的；C.strange奇怪的；D.modern现代的。根据语境，C选项正确。考查动词词义辨析。A.continue继续处于某种状态；B.move移动；C.try尝试，努力；D.expand扩充，扩大，扩展。根据语境，A选项正确。考查名词词义辨析。A.research研究；B.novel小说；C.book书；D.newspaper报纸。由下文中的researchers可知，Cornell大学做的一个研究表明生活方式和决定可能会影响体重。A选项正确。考查名词性从句。___4___lifestyleanddecisionsabout___5___mayaffectweight是suggest的宾语从句，结合上句中的解析可知，该从句结构意思完整，故应用that引导该从句。C选项正确。考查动词词义辨析。工作；B.live生活；C.study学习；D.eat吃。由该空后面的affectweight可推知，生活方式和关于吃的决定可能会影响体重。D选项正确。考查形容词词义辨析。A.sensitive敏感的；B.sad悲伤的；C.happy高兴的，快乐的；D.full饱的。根据语境，D选项正确。考查名词词义辨析。A.pocket口袋；B.refrigerator冰箱；C.house房子；D.plate盘子。根据语境，D选项正确。考查名词词义辨析。A.education教育；B.health健康；C.literature文学；D.speech演讲。由下文中Dr.JosephMercola的观点可知，他是一位健康专家。B选项正确。考查介词。法国人将吃看作是他们生活方式中非常重要的一部分。see…as…意为“将……看作……”，是固定搭配。故B选项正确。和下一句中的“Americansseeeatingas___11___tobesqueezed”表达一致。考查词义辨析。A.fairlylong相当长；B.fairlyshort相当短；C.veryexciting非常令人兴奋的；D.ratherfast相当快。根据语境，A选项正确。考查不定冠词辨析。A.anything任何事物；B.something某件事；C.everything一切事物；D.nothing什么也没有。句意：美国人将吃看作是一件在其他日常活动中挤出来的事情。B选项正确。考查动词词义辨析。A.get得到；B.bring带来；C.lose失去；D.receive收到。由下文中的“theykeepeatinglong”可知，当美国人实际上已经饱了的时候，他们感觉不到（自己已经吃饱了）。故C选项正确。考查动词词义辨析。A.keep保持；B.enjoy喜欢，享受；C.go去；D.stop停止。根据语境，D选项正确。考查形容词词义辨析。A.hot热的；B.cool凉快的；C.warm温暖的；D.frozen冷冻的。根据语境，D选项正确。考查副词词义辨析。A.therefore因此；B.instead代替，相反地；C.however但是；D.merely仅仅。美国人往往会开车去大超市买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品。相反地，法国人却每天都去购物，步行到小的商店去买新鲜的水果，蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。B选项正确。考查名词词义辨析。A.choice选择；信息；C.order命令；D.number数目。根据语境，A选项正确。考查动词词义辨析。write写；read读；speak说；think想。由前文中的“authorofFrenchWomenDon’tGetfat”可知，MireilleGuiliano是一位作家，所以她决定写关于知道何时停止吃东西的重要性。A选项正确。考查名词词义辨析。A.fruit水果；B.food食物；C.oil油，石油；D.egg蛋。MireilleGuiliano决定写关于知道何时停止吃东西的重要性而不是建议人们如何避免吃某些食物。B选项正确。考查名词词义辨析。A.example例子；B.tradition传统；C.change变化；D.story故事。证据表明最近的生活方式的变化可能会影响法国人的饮食习惯。C选项正确。考查名词词义辨析。A.failure失败；B.success成功；C.acceptance接受；D.rejection拒绝。由下文的“theyoungrejectoldertraditions”可知，法国的年轻人拒绝传统食物，由此可知，他们越来越接受美国的快餐。故C选项正确。二、阅读理解阅读下列短文，然后从每小题选项中选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。APorridgedoesn'thaveaverytastyname,doesit?Itdoesn'thaveaverytastyreputation,either.I'mheretotryandconvinceyouthatporridgeisn’tboringandtasteless,thatitcanbeadelicious,convenientandveryhealthywaytostarttheday.Ifyou’venevereatenit(althoughyouprobablyhave),porridgeisatypeoffoodservedforbreakfast.Itisusuallyatypeofgrain,likericeoroat(燕麦),mixedwitheithermilkorwater,andoftenheatedup.Itisoftenthickerthanliquid,butnotsolidandisveryeasytodigest,soit'sabetteroptionforpeoplewhoareill,anditprovideslong-lastingenergyfortheday.Porridgepreparation--theamountofingredients(配料)andcookingtime—dependsonwhatyouchoosetouseasyourporridgebase.IfI'mcookingformyself,Iputaverybighandfulof‘rolled’oatsinasaucepan,addalittlebitofwaterandabout200mlofmilk,andletthemixtureboil.Istirtheporridgeconstantly,andittakesaboutfivetotenminutestocook.Onceit'scooked,thefunpartisaddingtheflavors.Porridgealonedoesn'thaveaverystrongflavour.Althoughsomepeoplethinkthismakesporridgeboring,Ithinkthisiswhatmakesporridgeexciting!Itislikeablankpieceofpaper—youcanaddalmostanythingyouwanttotheporridgebase.Greens,nutsanddriedfruitsareveryhealthyoptionstoaddandcangiveyouenergyfortheday.Butifyoudon'tlikethese,oryou'reallergic,thenhoneyandchocolatearealsoverytastyoptions.(Justdon’taddtomuch!)Oneofthebestthingsaboutporridge?Youcanmakeitalmostanywhereintheworld.Eitheroatsorriceorbothare“staplefoods(主食)”formanypeopleacrosstheworld.Youcanusuallybuybigbagsofeither,thenaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting—whateverischeapandconvenienttofind,whereveryouare.IamcurrentlyinMexico,andIlovetoheatmyoatsupwithmilk,thenmixinpeanutsandpumpkinseedsandcacaonibs,andIputalayerofsugaroverthetoptomakemyporridgesweeter.Porridge?Hopefullyitsoundsalottastiernow!Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebestthingaboutporridge?Itprovideslong-lastingenergyfortheday.Itischeapandconvenienttomake.C.It'sabetteroptionforpeople.D.Itisneverboringandtasteless.2.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Togivebriefintroductiontovariousporridge.B.Toshowhowtoprepareporridgeforthepatient.C.Towarnusnottohaveporridgeforbreakfast.D.Tointroducethebenefitsofporridge.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Porridgeisoftenthicker,liquidandsolid.B.Porridgealonehasaverystrongflavor.C.Porridgeistomanypeople'sliking.D.Porridgeisonlyservedforbreakfast.4.What'stheauthor'sfavouriteflavor?A.PorridgewithSugar. B.Porridgewithoats.C.Porridgewithfruit. D.Porridgewithmilk.【答案】B2.D3.C4.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，粥是一种美味、方便又健康的开始一天的方式，介绍了煮粥的方法。细节理解题。由题干关键词thebestthingaboutporridge可将答案定位于倒数第二段。由倒数第二段中的“Youcanmakeitalmostanywhereintheworld.Eitheroatsorriceorbothare“staplefoods(主食)”formanypeopleacrosstheworld.Youcanusuallybuybigbagsofeither,thenaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting—whateverischeapandconvenienttofind,whereveryouare.”可知，粥最好的事情之一就是便宜且方便制作。故选B项。推理判断题。由第一段中的“I'mheretotryandconvinceyouthatporridgeisn’tboringandtasteless,thatitcanbeadelicious,convenientandveryhealthywaytostarttheday.”，第二段中的“Itisoftenthickerthanliquid,butnotsolidandisveryeasytodigest,soit'sabetteroptionforpeoplewhoareill,anditprovideslong-lastingenergyfortheday.”和倒数第二段中的“Youcanusuallybuybigbagsofeither,thenaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting—whateverischeapandconvenienttofind,whereveryouare.”可推断出这篇文章的目的是介绍粥的优点。故选D项。细节理解题。由第二段中的“Itisoftenthickerthanliquid,butnotsolidandisveryeasytodigest,soit'sabetteroptionforpeoplewhoareill,anditprovideslong-lastingenergyfortheday.”可知粥比液体稠，但不是固体，排除A项；由第四段中的“Porridgealonedoesn'thaveaverystrongflavour.”，排除B项；由第二段中的“Ifyou’venevereatenit(althoughyouprobablyhave),porridgeisatypeoffoodservedforbreakfast.”可知粥是早餐的一种食物，并不是只有早餐能吃，排除D项，所以只有C项正确，符合文意。故选C项推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“IamcurrentlyinMexico,andIlovetoheatmyoatsupwithmilk,thenmixinpeanutsandpumpkinseedsandcacaonibs,andIputalayerofsugaroverthetoptomakemyporridgesweeter.”可知，作者最喜欢的味道是甜粥。故选A项。BWhydoChinesepeoplelovehotpotsomuch?Asthewintermonthsarecoiningin,moreandpeoplearesiltingaroundatable,enjoyingthiskindoftraditionalmeal.IfindmyselfwonderingwhatitUaboutthistraditionalmeal,whichhasexistedformorethan1,000years.WhatmakesitaChinesefoodfavorite?Itseemsthattheanswerliesbeyondthedishitself.Hotpotisn’tjustdesignedtokeepyouwarmduringthecoldmonths;it’salsoasocialexperience.It’sa“theater”cookedfoodthatturnsamealintoanevent.Thereisalotoffunforeveryonetohaveinaddingsomefoodstothehotpot.Hotpotiseatenovertwotothreehours.Forthisreason,itisoftenconsideredanevening’sentertainment,andatimetospendwithfriendsandfamilies.However,manywesternerswouldbeputoffbytheideaofotherpeoplestickingchopsticksintheirfood.WhenwecometoeatatthetableintheUK,wetendtohaveourownshares,althoughtheexperienceisstillasocialone.AsimilarexperiencetothehotpotcanbefoundinKoreanbarbecuerestaurants,whichleiyoucookyourownmeat.Thisallowspeopletohavetheirmeatdonehowevertheywant.Formostwesterners,theideaofgoingtoarestauranttocooktheirownfoodisverystrange.Buthavingago,Ifindit’snowoneofmyfavoritemealsinBeijing.ThesteamfromthepotleftmyclothessmellingoffoodwhenIgothome,butperhapsthiswasalsopartoftheexperience.Whenthecoldwindisblowingoutside,Iamsittingaroundwithmygoodfriends,eatinganddrinking.Formeit’slikeadinnerpartywheremytastebudsandmyappetiteareequallysatisfiedinthewarmcompanyoffriends.WhatisthemainreasonwhyhoipotispopularinChina?Ithasahistoryofover1,000years.B.Itisafunsocialexperience.C.Itservespeoplewithmanykindsoffoods.D.Itkeepspeopleverywarminwinter.6.WecanconcludefromthearticlethatBritishpeoplegenerally.A.enjoycookingtheirownfoodinrestaurantsB.preferaKoreanbarbecuetoChinesehotpotC.don’tlikesharingfoodwithothersinrestaurantsD.don’tmindthesmelloffoodstayingontheirclothes7.Howlongdopeoplespendinenjoyingthetraditionalmeal?A.Morethanfourhours. B.Overonehour.C.Aboutthreehours. D.Alltheevening.8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetohotpot?A.Serious.B.Tired.C.Humorous.D.Appreciative.【答案】6.C7.C8.D【解析】本文为介绍说明文。本文介绍了中国人为什么爱吃火锅，除了火锅本身很美味之外，还是一种社会氛围。5.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Hotpotisn’tjustdesignedtokeepyouwarmduringthecoldmonths;it'salsoasocialexperience”可知，火锅在中国很受欢迎的主要原因是，火锅不仅仅是在寒冷的月份里能使你的身体保持温暖，它也是一种社会经验。故选B。6.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知西方人并不喜欢别人把筷子放在食物上，他们更喜欢一人一份分餐吃。故选C。7.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hotpotiseatenovertwotothreehours.”可知，这种传统饮食一般超过两到三小时。故选C。8.细节理解题。Serious严肃的；Tired疲惫的；Humorous幽默的；Appreciative赏识的。通读全文可知作者还是很喜欢火锅这种文化氛围的。故选D。CTheworld’spopulationisprojectedtoreach11billionbytheendofthecentury.Feedingthatmanypeoplewillbeachallenge,anditisfurthercomplicatedbytheimpactofclimatechangeonagriculture.Thatiswhysomepeopleadvocateanunusualwaytoboostthefoodsupplyandfeedpeoplesustainablybyeatinglessmeatandmoreinsects.About2billionpeoplealreadyeatbugs.Mexicansenjoychilly-toastedgrasshoppers.Thaistuckintocricketstir-friesandGhanaianssnackontermites.InsectsareslowlycreepingontoWesternmenusasnoveltyitems,butmostpeopleremainsqucamish(拘谨).Yettherearethreereasonswhyeatinginsectsmakessense.First,theyarehealthierthanmeat.Therearenearly2000kindsofedibleinsects,manyofthempackedwithprotein,calcium,fiber,ironandzinc.Asmallservingofgrasshopperscancontainaboutthesameamountofproteinasasimilarsizedservingofbeef,buthasfarlessfatandfarfewercalories.Second,raisinginsectsischeap,orfree.Littletechnologyorinvestmentisneededtoproducethem.Harvestinginsectscouldprovidelivelihoodstosomeoftheworld’spoorestpeople.Finally,insectsareafarmoresustainablesourceoffoodthanlivestock.Livestockproductionaccountsfornearlyafifthofallgreenhouse-gasemissions,that’smorethantransport.Bycontrast,insectsproducerelativelyfewgreenhousegasesandraisingthemrequiresmuchlesslandandwater.Andtheyeatalmostanything.Despiteallthis,mostWesternersfindinsectshardtoswallow.Onesolutionistouseproteinextractedfrombugsinotherproductssuchasreadymealsandpastasauces.Nothavingtolookatthebugsandemphasizingtheenvironmentalbenefitsmightmaketheideaofeatinginsectsabitmorepalatable.Whatisthedirectreasonwhysomepeopleadvocateeatinginsects?Insufficientfoodsupply B.ClimatechangeC.Therapidincreaseofpopulation D.Insects’highnutrition10.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat.A.eatinginsectsishealthierthaneatingbeefB.eatinginsectsispopularamongwesternersC.eatinginsectscanhelppeopleloseweightD.eatinginsectscauseslessdamagetotheenvironment11.Howcanwemakeitmoreacceptabletoeatinsects?A.ByclosingyoureyeswheneatinginsectsB.ByeatinginsectstogetherwithotherfoodC.Byputtinginsects’nutrientsintootherfoodproductsD.Byconsideringtheenvironmentalbenefitsofeatinginsects【答案】10.D【解析】这篇文章主要讲了由于未来世界人口的持续增长，导致食物供应不足，所以有人提议吃昆虫，并且对吃昆虫的好处进行了分析。9.细节理解题。根据Feedingthatmanypeoplewillbeachallenge,anditisfurthercomplicatedbytheimpactofclimatechangeonagriculture.Thatiswhysomepeopleadvocateanunusualwaytoboostthefoodsupplyandfeedpeoplesustainablybyeatinglessmeatandmoreinsects.可知一些人提倡吃昆虫的最直接的原因就是食物供应不足，选A。10.推理判断题。由Bycontrast,insectsproducerelativelyfewgreenhousegasesandraisingthemrequiresmuchlesslandandwater.Andtheyeatalmostanything.可推断出人类吃昆虫对环境造成的危害更少，选D。11.细节理解题。由Onesolutionistouseproteinextractedfrombugsinotherproductssuchasreadymealsandpastasauces.Nothavingtolookatthebugsandemphasizingtheenvironmentalbenefitsmightmaketheideaofeatinginsectsabitmorepalatable.可知把昆虫的营养放入其他食物里，这样我们更容易接受吃昆虫，选C。三、七选五阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。Homemadelemonadegoesgreatwithoutdoorspringandsummerentertaining.Followtheinstructionstoserveatyournextpicnicorbarbecue.1.Thiswillmakeiteasiertosqueeze（挤）thejuicefromthefruit.Warmlemonsbyplacinginthemicrowave.Firstpoke（刺）theskinofthelemonwithafork,beingcarefulnottopokeallthewaythroughtheskintotheflesh.Placethelemon(s)inthemicrowaveonhighfor20to30seconds.2.Allowthemtositinthehotwaterfor30seconds.Afterthelemonshavebeenwarmed,rollthemonasolidsurface.Keeprollinguntilyoufeelthefleshsoftening.Afterrollingthelemons,cuttheminhalfcrosswise.Placeonehalfofthelemononthejuicer,applypressureandtwistthelemontoremovethejuice.3.Removealltheseedsfromthejuiceronceyouhavefinished.Theextrapulp（果浆）thathascollectedinthebottomofthejuicercanbeaddedtothelemonjuiceoncetheseedshavebeenremoved,unlesspulp-freejuiceisrequired.Ifitisnecessarytousepulp-freejuice,strainjuicetoseparateanypulpthatmayhavegottenintothejuice.Inasaucepan,bringcupofwatertoaboilandthenaddcupofsugar.Continuetocookovermediumlowheatuntilsugarhascompletelydissolved.4.Stirtomixthoroughlyandthenallowthemixturetocool.Thelemonsyrupcanbestoredintherefrigeratoruntilneededoritcanbemixedwithwatertoproducelemonade.5.Tastetotestforsweetnessandmakenecessaryimprovements.Refrigerateuntilchilledorserveoverice.A.Tomakelemonade,addlemonsyruptocupsofwater.B.Lemonscanalsobewarmedbyplacingtheminboilingwater.C.Removefromtheheatandaddcupsoffreshlemonjuice.D.Thejuicecanalsoberemovedbysqueezingthelemonbyhand.E.Foradditionalflavor,addyourfavoriteswhenaddingthefreshlemonjuice.F.Thelemonsshouldberoomtemperatureorwarmerbeforethejuiceisremoved.G.About4mediumlemonscanproduce1cupoflemonjuicerequiredforthisrecipe.【答案】F2.B3.D4.C5.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自制柠檬水的过程。由本段下文“把柠檬放在微波炉里加热。”可知，承接下文，F选项切题；该选项中的Thelemonsshouldberoomtemperatureorwarmer对应下文中的Warmlemons。故选F项。由下一句“让他们在热水中坐30秒。”可知，承接下文，B选项切题；该选项中的placingtheminboilingwater对应下文中的Allowthemtositinthehotwater。故选B项。由上一句“将半个柠檬放在榨汁机上，压榨柠檬，得到柠檬汁。”可知，承接上文，D选项切题；前后两句表顺承，都是指得到柠檬汁的方法。故选D项。由上一句“继续用中低火煮，直到糖完全溶解。”和下一句“搅拌至完全混合，然后让混合物冷却。”可知，承接上下文，C选项切题；此处指柠檬水的做法。故选C项。由下一句“品尝甜度，并进行必要的改进。”可知，承接下文，A选项切题；前后两句衔接紧密，符合语境。故选A项。四、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。Asitisknowntoall,Chinaisthehomeoftea.IthasbeenspreadfromChinatoworld.Withahistoricoffourorfivethousandyears,teaculturehasbeenanimportantpartinChineseculture.Whereverguestsvisit,itisacustomtoserveteawiththem.Drinkingteahadalotofadvantages,oneofwhichistohelpyourefreshyourselfandimprovesthinkingability.Beside,drinkingteaeverydayissaidtobeabletohelpyoukeephealthandlivelonger.What'smost,somekindsofteacanevenhelppeopleloseweightandbecomebeautiful,whichmayappealtoalotoflady.【答案】1.去掉it2.historic→history3.Wherever→Whenever→to→has6.i