2023高考英语一轮复习构想Unit1Alandofdiversity课时作业新人教版选修8

PAGEPAGE2Unit1AlandofdiversityⅠ.阅读理解A(2022·河北石家庄质量检测(二))TheAdlerPlanetariumChicagoishometomorethan35,000squarefeetofexhibits.FromhugemodelsoftheSolarSystem,toancientastronomicalinstruments,tointeractiveadventures,Adler'sexhibitgalleriesprovideapassagewayforyoutoexploretheuniverse.TheAdleralsooffersminiscienceexplorationactivitiesthatarequick10­minutelessons.Visitorscanlearnsomeinterestingastronomicalfactsatthesesmallactivitycarts.TheAdlerPlanetariumChicagoistheonlymuseumintheworldwithtwofull­sizeplanetariumtheaters.Since1930,thewonderofthestarshasbeenvisibleinthehistoricSkyTheater.Poweredbybrand­newDigistar3TMtechnology,theStarRiderTheaterisacompletelydigital,virtual(虚拟的)outerspaceenvironment.ThefamousZeissPlanetariumprojectorisabletoaccuratelyreproducethemovementofeveryaspectofthenightsky.Do'sandDon'ts：DoTaketheBus/Train:leavethecarathomeforthismuseumtrip.TheAdlerislocatedwithincloseproximitytopublictransit.Don'tMisstheDoaneObservatory:whenweatherpermits,theDoaneisopenattheAdlerforobservingwithits20­inchdiametertelescope.Don'tMissMuseumSpecialEvents:theAdleroffersasummercampforkidsfrommid­JunetoAugust.TicketPrice：Adult:$28;child:$22.Bookonlinenowtosave37%.RegularSchedule：Mon.—Fri.10a.m.—4p.m．；Sat.—Sun.10a.m.—430p.m.SummerHours:930a.m.—6p.m.daily.NearestTransit:RooseveltMetroStationAddress:1300SLakeShoreDr,Chicago,IL60605【解题导语】本文对芝加哥的阿德勒天文馆进行了简单的介绍，包含参观时间、票价、交通等信息。1．What'sthemainfunctionoftheAdlerPlanetariumChicago?A.DisplayingthemodelsoftheSolarSystem.B.Sellingancientastronomicalinstruments.C.Offeringapassagewaytoexploretheuniverse.D.Giving10­minutelessonstovisitors.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Fvideapassagewayforyoutoexploretheuniverse〞可知，阿德勒天文馆给游客提供了探索太空的途径，应选C项。2．WhatcanvisitorslearnintheStarRiderTheater?A.ThehistoryoftheAdlerPlanetariumChicago.B.Thewonderoftheinteractiveadventures.C.ThecomplicatedDigistar3TMtechnology.D.Themovementofthestarsinthenightsky.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。依据第二段的最后两句可知，游客在这里能了解到星星在夜空中的运动，因此选D。3．IfyouwanttotrytheDoaneObservatory,you'dbetter________.A.driveyourprivatecarB.considerweatherconditionsC.buyatelescopeinadvanceD.jointheAdler'ssummercamp答案与解析：B考查细节理解。依据“Don'tMisstheDoaneObservatory:whenweatherpermits...〞可知，选B。4．HowmuchwillacoupleandtwokidsatleastspendtovisittheAdler?A.$37.B.$63.C.$72.D.$100.答案与解析：B考查数字计算。依据TicketPrice局部可知，成年人每人28美元，儿童22美元，一对夫妇和两个孩子那么是(28×2)＋(22×2)＝100，如果在网上订，那么会在总价的根底上优惠37%，即至少为63美元，应选B项。B(2022·湖北武汉调研测试)In1885,theRepublicofFrance,importantfriendduringtheAmericanRevolution,donatedthestatue,LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld,totheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thestatuewouldcelebrateitscenturyofindependence.Toshipit,thestatuewasbrokendowninto350pieces.Andnow,spreadacrossBedloe'sIslandinNewYorkHarbour,itsatin214woodenpackingboxes.TheproblemwasthatNewYorkhadnomoneytoreassembleit.Sixothercities,lessaffectedbytheeconomicdecline,hadthemoneyandbidtobuildit.ButaHungarianimmigrant,JosephPulitzer,theownerofAmerica'snewspapercalledTheWorld,wouldn'tlet“Liberty〞go.WhenheheardthattheStatueofLibertywasabouttodiefromlackoffunds,hesawhischance.Pulitzersetthefund­raisinggoalofTheWorldat$100,000.Initspageshelaughedattherich,thusincreasingthepaper'sappealamongworking­classpeople,andfirmlyplantedtheideathatthestatuewasamonumentnotjustforNewYorkCitybut,indeed,forallofAmerica.PerhapsPulitzer'scleveresttrickwasthepromisetopublishthenameofeverysinglecontributorinthepagesofTheWorld,nomatterhowsmallthecontribution.Theeditorialthatopenedthefund­raisingcampaignsetitstone.Hewrote:“TheWorldisthepeople'spaperanditnowappealstothepeopletocomeforwardandraisethemoneyforthestatue'sbase.〞“Thestatue，〞hesaid,“ispaidforbythemassesoftheFrenchpeople.Letusrespondinlikemanner.〞ThecirculationofTheWorldincreasedbyalmost50,000copies.AfricanAmericannewspapersjoinedintheeffort,encouragingtheirreaderstocontributetoamonumentthatwould,inpart,celebratetheendofslavery.Sothemoneypouredinassingle­dollardonationsfromgrandmothersandpenniesfromthepiggybanksofschoolchildren.OnAugust11,1885,thefrontpageofTheWorldannounced,“ONEHUNDREDTHOUSANDDOLLARS！〞Thegoalhadbeenreached,evenslightlybeyond,thankstomorethan120,000contributions.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，表达了美国自由女神像的故事。自由女神像是法国为纪念美国独立战争期间的美法联盟赠送给美国的礼物，为便于运输，它被拆成350块，可是纽约无钱组装，Pulizer通过他的?世界?报最终为自由女神像的组装筹集到了资金。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reassemble〞(Para.1)probablymean?A.Puttogether.B.Takeapart.C.Transport.D.Repair.答案与解析：A考查词义猜想。根据第一段的第三句“Toshipit,thestatuewasbrokendowninto350pieces〞可知，为了船运，雕像被拆成350块；据此可以判断，纽约没有钱将这些碎片重新组装起来。故画线词意为“组装〞，A项正确。B项意为“拆开〞，C项意为“运输〞，D项意为“修理〞，都与语境不符。6．WhichofthefollowingwasthegreatestmoveinJosephPulitzer'ssuccess?A.Attackingtherichpeople.B.Celebratingtheendofslavery.C.Printingeverycontributor'snameinTheWorld.D.Persuadingchildrentodonatetheirpocketmoney.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句“PerhapsPulitzer'scleveresttrickwasthepromisetopublishthenameofeverysinglecontributorinthepagesofTheWorld,nomatterhowsmallthecontribution〞并结合下文的表达可知，将捐赠者的姓名印在?世界?报上是募捐成功的关键，故C项正确。7．WhatdidJosephPulitzertrytoconveytohisreadersabouttheStatueofLiberty?A.Itwasasymbolofindependence.B.ItwasamonumentforthewholeUSA.C.Itwasawonderinthebuildinghistory.D.ItwasafavorfromtherichFrenchpeople.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的“thestatuewasamonumentnotjustforNewYorkCitybut,indeed,forallofAmerica〞可知，Pulitzer向他的读者传递了这样的信息：自由女神像不仅仅属于纽约，还属于全美国，故B项正确。8．WhatwasthemainpurposeofJosephPulitzer'sefforts?A.ToprotecttheStatueofLiberty.B.Towinworking­classreadersover.C.Toexpandthecirculationofhispaper.D.ToraisemoneyfortheStatueofLiberty.答案与解析：D考查目的意图。根据第三段的第一句“Pulitzersetthefund­raisinggoalofTheWorldat$100,000〞并结合下文内容可知，Pulitzer想通过他的?世界?报为组装自由女神像筹集到十万美元；据此可以判断，Pulitzer努力的目的是为自由女神像筹钱，故D项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·烟台3月诊断)MyteacherorganizedasecretChristmasgiftexchange.Wewere__1__toopenourgiftsinfrontofourclassmatesand__2__thenameofthegiftgiver,whowouldstandupandbeapplauded.Everykidtore__3__afancypackagecontaininganewtoy.Thenitwasmy__4__.Theteacherhandedmesomethingwrapped(包裹)inusedpaper.Itwassowrinkledthatthecolorshad__5__.Witheveryonewatching,Iremovedthepaperand__6__acheapbookwithtornanddirtypages.Insidewasahandwritten__7__showingthegirlwhogavemethebook.WhenIannouncedhername,myclassmatesstarted__8__.Hergiftwasanotherindicationofhow__9__thisgirlwasfromtherestofus.She'darrivelateto__10__，herhairwetandmessy.Shedidn'thavefriends,andthepopularstudentsmadefunofherbecauseshewore__11__clothesandshoes.OnlylaterinlifedidIunderstandthatshe__12__camefromaterriblypoorfamily.Astheclasslaughed,this8­year­oldgirl__13__herheadtohidehertears.ButIwas__14__thattheotherkidswouldthinkthatthisgirlandIwere__15__.OnlyyearslaterdidIrealizethatwhatIdidnextwasunforgivable－I__16__thebookinthegarbage!Monthslater,thegirl__17__school.Ineversawheragain.Ihaveforgottenthe__18__ofmanyofmyoldclassmates,butnothers.ForsomanyyearsIhavebeentryingto__19__intouchwithher,butIhaven'thadanynewsaboutheryet.Ioweherasincere__20__andIexpectIwillhavesuchachancesomeday.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要描述“我〞孩提时代的一件事。当时老师组织一次秘密的圣诞节交换礼物活动，并要求“我们〞当众翻开礼物，向全班同学宣布赠送礼物的人的名字。当“我〞翻开一个破旧的礼物盒时，才得知是班上一个贫困的女孩赠送的，因害怕其他同学认为“我〞和这个女孩是朋友，“我〞直接把她的礼物扔进了垃圾桶……多年以来，“我〞一直对此事心怀愧疚，希望有一天能联系到她，并向她表示诚挚的歉意。1．A.warnedB．forbiddenC．forcedD．instructed解析：考查动词辨析。由第二段最后一句“Witheveryonewatching,Iremovedthepaper...〞可知，此处是指老师命令“我们〞在全班同学面前翻开礼物。A项意为“警告〞；B项意为“禁止〞；C项意为“强迫〞；D项意为“命令，指示，教导〞。应选D。答案：D2．A.announceB．spellC．findD．change解析：考查动词辨析。由第三段第二句“WhenIannouncedhername...〞可知，此处指当着全班同学的面宣布赠送礼物的人的名字。应选A。答案：A3．A.overB．offC．openD．out解析：考查词义辨析。由上文中“Wewere________toopenourgifts〞可知，此处指每个孩子都拆开装有一个新玩具的精致的包裹。tearopen意为“拆开〞，符合语境。应选C。答案：C4．A.workB．turnC．luckD．program解析：考查名词辨析。由下文中“Theteacherhandedmesomethingwrapped(包裹)inusedpaper.〞可知，此处指轮到“我〞拆开礼物。A项意为“工作〞；B项意为“(依次轮到的)时机〞；C项意为“好运〞；D项意为“节目〞。应选B。答案：B5．A.diedB．fadedC．failedD．dropped解析：考查动词辨析。由上文“inusedpaper〞及“wrinkled〞可知，此处是指包装纸都已经褪色了。A项意为“死亡〞；B项意为“褪色，凋谢，逐渐消失〞；C项意为“失败〞；D项意为“下降〞。应选B。答案：B6．A.metwithB．showedoffC．turnedonD．pulledout解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在所有人的注视下，我撕去包装纸，取出一本廉价的又旧又脏的书。A项意为“遇到〞；B项意为“炫耀，卖弄〞；C项意为“翻开〞；D项意为“取出，拔出，抽出〞。应选D。答案：D7．A.bookB．novelC．noteD．text解析：考查名词辨析。由下文“showingthegirlwhogavemethebook〞可知，此处指书里面有一张手写的便条，写明了送给“我〞这本书的人是谁。A项意为“书〞；B项意为“小说〞；C项意为“便条〞；D项意为“课文〞。应选C。答案：C8．A.shoutingB．laughingC．applaudingD．discussing解析：考查动词辨析。由下文第四段第一句“Astheclasslaughed...〞可知，当“我〞念出女孩的名字时，同学们都开始大声地笑。应选B。答案：B9．A.beautifulB．carelessC．lazyD．different解析：考查形容词辨析。其他同学都收到了精美的礼物，而“我〞只收到了这个女孩送的一本又旧又脏的廉价书，所以女孩的礼物显示她和“我们〞其他人很不同。bedifferentfrom为固定短语，意为“与……不同〞，符合语境。应选D。答案：D10．A.classB．officeC．homeD．store解析：考查名词辨析。由文章内容可知，女孩是“我〞的同学，所以此处指她总是上学迟到。应选A。答案：A11．A.goodB．oldC．dryD．new解析：考查形容词辨析。由下文中的“...camefromaterriblypoorfamily.〞可知，同学们嘲笑她是因为她穿着破旧的衣服和鞋子。应选B。答案：B12．A.usuallyB．secretlyC．obviouslyD．suddenly解析：考查副词辨析。由上文女孩送给“我〞的破旧礼物以及她的穿着可知，此处指女孩显然来自一