国际贸易管理航运与租船条款解说

{国际贸易}国际贸易航运与租船条款解说联合租用/雇用的运输工具，为了承运人和发货人的利益通过中间代理雇用(第三方的)自有承运工具/铁路设备。CarSealMetalstripandleadfastenerusedforlockingfreightcarortruckdoors.Sealsarenumberedforrecordpurposes.车封，锁住运货车辆的门的金属锁扣。铅封编号是为便于记录CarsKnockedDownAutomobilepartsandsubassembliesmanufacturedabroadandtransportedtoadesignatedassemblyplant汽车拆卸，汽车部件（汽车零部件出口运输到一个指定的组装工厂）CarfloatAbargeequippedwithtracksonwhichuptoabout12railroadcarsaremovedinharborsorinlandwaterways.铁路驳船，一种装有铁轨可以在港口或内陆水道最多装运12节火车车皮的驳船。CargoGoodstransportedortobetransported,allgoodscarriedonashipcoveredbyaB/L.AsperIMOdefinition:anygoods,wares,merchandise,andarticlesofeverykindwhatsoevercarriedonaship,otherthanmail,ship’sstores,ship’sspareparts,ship’sequipment,stowagematerial,crew’seffectsandpassengers’acpaniedbaggage./船）货载，已装运或待装运的所有船舶装运的被提单涵盖的货物。根据国际海事组织的定义：除了邮件、船上生活库存、备件、船舶设备和材料、船员个人物品和乘客随身行李外的任何载运于船舶上无论什么种类的货物、器具、商品和物件CargoManifestDocumentwhichlistsallbillsofladingparticularsofthegoodsloadedonavessel,forofficialandadministrativepurpose.载货清单，为了（政府）商务和行政管理，列明了装于船上，各提单项下所有货物细节的文件CargoNOSCargoNotOtherwiseSpecified.Usuallytherateentryinatariffthatcanapplytomoditiesnotcoveredunderaspecificitemorsubitemintheapplicabletariff(税则)未列名货物，通常税则上列名货物没有包括，而列在明细项目或子项目上的货物CargoPreferenceCargoreservedbyaNation’slawsfortransportationonlyonvesselsregisteredinthatNation.TypicallythecargoismovingduetoadirectorindirectsupportoractivityoftheGovernment.特许货物，受政府法律保护只能由本国登记船舶运输的货物。的支援或政府的行动而运送的货物。CargoRetentionClausesIntroducedbyCharterersbasedonshortageofdeliveredcargobecauseofincreasedoilprices货物留置条款，因油价上涨，承租人采取少卸（交）货物来补偿因油价上涨给船东造成的损失的条款（油轮租船条款）CargoTonnageMostoceanfreightisbilledonthebasisofweightormeasurementtons(W/M).Weighttonscanbeexpressedinshorttonsof2000pounds,longtonsof2240ormetrictonsof1000kilos(2204.62pounds.)Measurementtonsareusuallyexpressedascargomeasurementof40feet(1.12meters)orcubicmeters(35.3cubicfeet).（货物）运费吨，大部分的海运费是基于重吨或尺码吨（M/W。短吨、长吨或公吨表示。尺码吨通常是用货物的立方米（1.12立方米为一尺码吨＝35.3立方英尺）体积表示CarloadRateArateapplicabletoacarloadofgoods.整车运费，以车计的运费。CarnetACustomsdocumentpermittingtheholdertotemporarilycarryorsendmerchandiseintocertainforeigncountries(fordisplay,demonstrationorsimilarpurpose)withoutpayingdutiesorpostingbonds.AnyofvariousCustomsdocumentsrequiredforcrossingsomeinternationalborders.海关监管证明/关封，一种允许持有者在不缴纳关税和在受禁止地临时运送或寄送（展览，展示或类似目的的）商品进入外国。为通过国际边境很多种要求要提供的海关文件中的一种文件。CarrierAnypersonorentitywho,inacontractofcarriage,undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceofcarriagebyrail,road,sea,air,inlandwaterwayorbyabinationofsuchmodes.承运人，(运输公司，运输工具)。任何个人或实体以合同形式承担执行或获得执行用铁路、公路海运空运内河水道或这些方式的联合方式运输的人CarrierCertificateandReleaseOrderUsedtoadvisecustomsoftheshipment’sdetails.Bymeansofthisdocument,thecarriercertifiesthatthefirmorindividualnamedinthecertificateistheownerorconsigneeofthegoods承运人证明和放货单用来报告海关货载的详细情况用这个文件承运人证明了证明中的公司或个人是货物的所有人或收货人(相当于：CargoManifest载货清单)Carrier’sCertificateAcertificaterequiredbyU.S.Customstoreleasecargoproperlytothecorrectparty.承运人证书，美国海关要求在向真实收货方放货时出具的证书CarriersHaulageAninlandtransportservicewhichisperformedbytheCarrierand/orasubcontractorfortheaccountandonbehalfoftheMerchant,inaccordancewiththeconditionsandchargesoftherelevantbillofladingortransportdocument.内陆拖运，一种根据相关提单或运输单据的条件和费用代表贸易商,由承运人和/或转包商执行,由贸易商付费的转运服务。CarriersOwnedContainersThecontainersusedforthetransportationofcargoesbelongingtothepropertyofthecarriers.承运人箱，船东箱。用于运送货物属于船东财产的集装箱Carryingforwarddispatchtimenamelyanyhourssavedinloadingtobeaddedtothehoursallowedfordischarging)装港速遣时间并入卸货时间（装港节省时间并入允许的卸货时间）Cartage货物取送费，(集装箱)短途拖箱费1)chargeforpick-upanddeliveryofgoods,2)movementofgoodslocally(shortdistances)1)货物取送费；2）货物本地移动费(短途)CartmentCustomsformpermittingin-bondcargotobemovedfromonelocationtoanotherundercustomscontrol,withinthesamecustomsdistrict.Usuallyinmotorcarrier’spossessionwhiledrayingcargo.海关关封允许监管货物在海关控制下在同一关区内由一个地方移动到另外一个地方的海关封志，在运输过程中(关封)由承运人保管CashAgainstDocumentsMethodofpaymentforgoodsinwhichdocumentstransferringtitlearegiventhebuyeruponpaymentofcashtoanintermediaryactingfortheseller,usuallyamissionhouse.凭单据付款交单付款，一种以买方付现给代表卖方的中方法CashinAdvanceAmethodofpaymentforgoodsinwhichthebuyerpaysthesellerinadvanceoftheshipmentofgoods.Usuallyemployedwhenthegoods,suchasspecializedmachinery,arebuilttoorder.预付现款，一种买方在货物装运前付现款给卖方的付款方式。通常用于货物，诸如特殊的机械已按要求造好时CashwithorderAmethodofpaymentforgoodsinwhichcashispaidatthetimeoforderandthetransactionbeesbindingonbothbuyerandseller.订货付款，一种货款支付方式，在订货时付现款，这样的交易对买卖双方都有约束力CellsTheconstructionsystememployedincontainervesselswhichpermitsshipcontainerstobestowedinaverticallinewitheachcontainersupportingtheoneaboveitinsidethecargohold集装箱栅隔，集装箱船舱内保证集装箱垂直逐层堆放的设施CellularVesselAvesseldesignedwithinternalribbingtopermitthesupportofstackedcontainers栅隔集装箱船，船舱内设有支撑集装箱堆放隔架的船舶CenterofgravityThepointofequilibriumofthetotalweightofacontainership,truck,trainorapieceofcargo.重心，集装箱船舶、卡车、火车或货物的重心Certificate-Adocumentcertifyingthatmerchandise(suchasofinspectionperishablegoods)wasingoodconditionimmediatelypriortoitsshipment.保鲜品证明，证明商品（如易腐品）在装船时状况良好-ThedocumentissuedbytheU.S.CoastGuardcertifyinganAmericanflagvessel’spliancewithapplicablelawsandregulations.合法船舶证明，美国海岸警卫队签发给悬挂美国旗的船舶，证明其符合法律法规CertificateofinsuranceAnegotiabledocumentindicatingthatinsurancehasbeensecuredunderanopenpolicytocoverlossordamagetoashipmentwhileintransit.损坏已由预约保险承保赔偿CertificateofOrigin-Acertifieddocumentshowingtheoriginofgoodswhichusedininternationalmerce.原产地证明书，用于国际贸易、证明货物原产地的证明书-DocumentcertifyingthecountryoforiginofgoodswhichisnormallyissuedorsignedbytherelevantGovernmentDepartmentoftheexportingcountry,orChamberofCommerceorEmbassy.书CFS/CFSAkindofcargomovementbycontainer.Deliveredlooseatoriginpointwithvanningbycarrier,devannedbycarrieratdestination,andpickeduplooseatdestination.“箱货运货运站到集装箱货运站”，一种集装箱作业方式。在发货地（点）用卡车收集散装货物、在目的地用卡车分拨散装货物和收集散装货物。(散收散交)ChannelofDistributionAmeansbywhichamanufacturerdistributesproductsfromtheplanttotheultimateuser,includingwarehouses,brokers,wholesalers,retailers,etc.销售管道/渠道，配送渠道。、中间商、批发、零售商等等环节ChargeableweightTheshipmentweightusedindeterminingfreightcharges.Thechargeableweightmaybethedimensionalweight(measurementweight)计费重量(空运)。决定运输费用的货物重量。计费重量也可以是体积吨(尺码吨)CHARTAmapusedbynavigators海图CharterPartyAwrittencontractbetweentheownerofavesselandthepersondesiringtoemploythevessel(chaterer);setsforththetermsofthearrangementsuchasdurationofagreement,freightrateandportsinvolvedinthetrip.、运费率和航程中相关港口等达成的书面合同ChartererThelegalpersonwhohassignedacharterpartywiththeownerofavesseloranaircraftandthushiresorleasesavesselorpartofthecapacitythereof.人ChassisAwheeledflat-bedconstructedtoacmodatecontainersmovedovertheroad.Alsotermedas“Trailers”集装箱拖架，拖车，一种带车轮承载集装箱在公路上运输的平板架。也称“拖架”ChockApieceofwoodorothermaterialplacedatthesideofcargotopreventrollingormovingsideways木楔或楔型物，放在货物旁边防止滚动或测移。ClaimAdemandmadeuponatransportationlineforpaymentonaccountofalosssustainedthroughitsallegednegligence.索赔。要求船公司因其疏忽造成的损失赔付ClassClassificationSociety,organisation-settingstandardsfordesign,build,conditionofships船级社，规定船舶设计、制造标准的机构ClassificationApublication,suchasUniformFreightClassification(railroad)ortheNationalMotorFreightClassification(motorcarrier),thatassignsratingstovariousarticlesandprovidesbillofladingdescriptionsandrules.运价表运价本如标准铁路运价或国内公路运价，为各类货物制定运价并规定了提单条款和规定ClassificationRatingThedesignationprovidedinaclassificationbywhichaclassrateisdetermined.分类运价表，分级运价。规定货物的等级，决定每级货物的运价ClassificationYardArailroadyardwithmanytracksusedforassemblingfreighttrains.铁路编组站，一个有很多轨道、用于运输列车编组的铁路车站ClaytonActAnantitrustactoftheU.S.Congressmakingpricediscriminationunlawful.美国国会反价格歧视法CleanBillofLadingAreceiptforgoodsissuedbyacarrierwithanindicationthatthegoodswerereceivedin“apparentgoodorderandcondition,”withoutdamageorotherirregularities.Ifnonotationorexceptionismade,theB/Lisassumedtobe“cleaned.”清洁提单，由承运人签发的运输收据，标明货物表面状况良好没有损坏或混乱上）没有例外的记载，这样的提单可称为“清洁提单”。CleanonBoardWhengoodsareloadedonboardandthedocumentissuedonrespecttothesegoodsisclean.完整装船，已装船。当货物已装船，(船方)签发有关的单证都是清洁时的(用语)CleaninginTransitThestoppingofarticles,suchaspeanuts,etc.,forcleaningatapointbetweenthepointoforiginanddestination.中途作卫生处理(的货物)在起运地和到达地之间的一个地点停留，进行卫生处理的货物，如花生等ClearanceAdocumentstatingthatashipmentisfreetobeimportedintothecountryafteralllegalrequirementshavebeenmet进口通关单(海关进口放行单)。一种说明货物所有合法手续完备后可以进口的文件CleatAstripofwoodormetalusedtoaffordadditionalstrength,topreventwarping,ortoholdinplace.夹板，为防止变形或固定货物的木条或钢件。Clip-OnRefrigerationequipmentattachabletoaninsulatedcontainerthatdoesnothaveitsownrefrigerationunit.集装箱制冷机。依附在集装箱上的制冷机ClosingThepublisheddeadlineforexportcargoestobeacceptedforasailingofthecarrier.CYClosingisapplicabletoFCLsandCFSClosingisapplicabletoLCLs.Nomally,CFSClosingisaround24hoursaheadofCYClosing,dependingoftheplexitiesofexportcustomsclearanceformalitiesatthecountry.“结载时间”，船公司公布的货物受载期限。集装箱堆场结载时间适用于整箱货，集装箱货运站结载时间适用于拼箱货早于集装箱堆场的结载时间24小时，这取决于出口国海关通关手续的难易。CoastwiseWatertransportationalongthecoast.沿海运输CollectFreightFreightpayabletothecarrierattheportofdischargeorultimatedestination.Theconsigneedoesnotpaythefreightchargeifthecargodoesnotarriveatthedestination到付运费(或指定付款地点)，收货人不付运输费用CollectionAdraftdrawnonthebuyer,usuallyacpaniedbydocuments,withpleteinstructionsconcerningprocessingforpaymentoracceptance.托收，向买方开出的汇票，通常附有完整的相关付款或接受程序的指示单据CollectingAbankthatactsasanagenttotheseller’sbank(thepresentingbank).Thecollectingbankassumesnoresponsibilityforeitherthedocumentsorthemerchandise。托收行即不对单据负责也不对货物负责CollectivePaperAlldocuments(mercialinvoices,billsoflading,etc.)submittedtoabuyerforthepurposeofreceivingpaymentforashipment收费凭证，收费文件。提交给买方，为收取货物货款的所有文件(如：商业发票、提单等)CombinationExportMgrAfirmthatactsasanexportsalesagentformorethanonenonpetingmanufacturer.联合出口管理公司，为一家以上（没有出口管理经验的）制造商代理出口的公司CombinationRateAratemadeupoftwoormorefactors,separatelypublished.联合运价，联运运价。分别发布的运价而制定的运费CombinedTransportMeansthecarriageofgoodsbyatleasttwodifferentmodesoftransport,fromaplaceatwhichthegoodsaretakeninchargesituatedinonecountrytoaplacedesignatedfordeliverysituatedinadifferentcountry.CombinedTransportisalsoreferredtointheUSA“IntermodalTransport”andinotherpartsoftheworldas“MultimodalTransport”用至少两种以上不同运输方式从货物所在地国家提取并接管货物并交付到另一个不同国家的指定交货地点的运输方式联合运“联合运输”“多式联运”CombitermsDeliverytermsforInt’lGroupagetraffic国际成组运输交货条款（货运代理人之间）CommercialInvoiceAdocumentcreatedbytheseller.Itisanofficialdocumentwhichisusedtoindicate,amongotherthings,thenameandaddressofthebuyerandseller,theproduct(s)beingshipped,andtheirvalueforcustoms,insurance,orotherpurposes商业发票由卖方缮制的文件，是用于表明，在其他项目外，买卖双方的名称和地址货物已装运、货物的海关申报价值或其他项目的正式文件CommodityArticleshipped.Fordangeroursandhazardouscargo,thecorrectmodityidentificationiscritical.运输的商品，货物。对危险品和有害商品要做正确的商品标示CommodityrateAratepublishedtoapplytoaspecificarticleorarticles.品（货物）的运价CommonCarrierAtransportationpanywhichprovidesservicetothegeneralpublicatpublishedrates.CommonlawLawthatderivesitsforceandauthorityfromprecedent,customandusageratherthanfromstatutes,particularlywithreferencetothelawsofEnglandandtheUnitedStates.例胜过法条，英国和美国适用的法律CONBILLUniformBillofLadingClauses1946(tobeusedwhennocharterpartyissigned)1946ConcealedDamageDamagethatisnotevidentfromviewingtheunopenedpackage.内部残损,隐蔽性残损，未开包装不能发现的残损ConferenceAnassociationofshipownersoperatinginthesametraderoutewhooperateundercollectiveconditionsandagreeontariffrates.Thepurposeoftheconferenceistostandardizeshippingpractices,eliminatefreightratepetition,andprovideregularlyscheduledservicebetweenspecificports（航运）公会，经营同一航线的船东协会，他们集体制定运输规定和运输费率。运价公会的目的是：标准化操作、排出运价竞争和在特定的港口之间提供定期的航运服ConferenceCarrierAnoceancarrierwhoismemberofanassociationknownasa“conference”.Thepurposeoftheconferenceistostandardizeshippingpractices,eliminatefreightratepetition,andprovideregularlyscheduledservicebetweenspecificports公会承运人。运价公会成员的海运承运人。、排出运价竞争和在特定的港口之间提供定期的航运服务ConfirmedLetterofCreditAletterofcredit,issuedbyaforeignbank,whosevalidityhasbeenconfirmedbyadomesticbank.Anexporterwithaconfirmedletterofcreditisassuredofpaymenteveniftheforeignbuyerortheforeignbankdefaults.外国银行签发的信用证出口商有了经过保兑的信用证就有了收款的保证，即使买方或国外银行违约(不付款)。ConfirmingBankThebankthataddsitsconfirmationtoanotherbank’s(theissuingbank’s)letterofcreditandpromisestopaythebeneficiaryuponpresentationofdocumentsspecifiedintheletterofcredit.定单据时保证承兑的银行ConnectingCarrierAcarrierwhichhasadirectphysicalconnectionwith,orformsalinkbetweentwoormorecarriers.中间承运人，在两个或更多的承运人之间直接联结运输或与他们组成运输链的承运人ConnectingCarrierAgreementAnAgreementoffreightratesforconnectionsbetweenfeederportsandtheportsofcallofvessels.联运运费协议，(承运人之间关于)支线港和基本港之间的运费协议ConsigneeApersonorpanytowhommoditiesareshipped.收货人，接收货物的个人或公司ConsigneeMarkAsymbolplacedonpackagesforidentificationpurposes;generallyatriangle,square,circle,etc.withlettersand/ornumbersandportofdischarge.（收货人）唛头，包装上区别标记；通常是带有文字或数字和卸货港名称的三角型、方型、圆圈等ConsignmentAstockofmerchandiseadvancedtoadealerandlocatedathisplaceofbusiness,butwithtitleremaininginthesourceofsupply.托运、（如生产原料等保税货物）ConsignorApersonorpanyshownonthebillofladingastheshipper托运人，发货人。在提单上标明的发货人公司或个人ConsolidatedCargoCargocontainingshipmentsoftwoormoreshippersorsuppliers,usuallyshippedbyafirmcalledaconsolidator.Containerloadshipmentsmaybeconsolidatedforoneormoreconsignees./（或拼箱代理人）的公司发运。这种整箱货物可以集运给一个或多个收货人Consolidation集运，合并运输，集中运输，集中托运ConsolidatorApersonorfirmperformingaconsolidationserviceofsmalllotsofcargoesforshippers.Theconsolidatortakesadvantageoflowerfullcarload(FCL)rates,andsavingsarepassedontoshippers.。集运代理用优拼箱代理商也从中得到比整集装箱运输更多的利益）Consolidator’sbillofladingAbillofladingissuedbyaconsolidatorasareceiptformerchandise集运人提单，集运代理提单。集运人签发的作为货物收据的提单ConsortiumAgroupofcarrierspoolingresources,normallycontainervessels,inatradelanetomaximizetheirresourcesefficiently.承运人集团、承运人联合体。为了在一条贸易航线上自己源的效率最大化而集中资源、通常是集装箱运输船舶的承运人集团ConsularDeclarationAformalstatementdescribinggoodstobeshipped;filedwithandapprovedbytheconsulofthecountryofdestinationpriortoshipment.领事声明(进口)目的地国领事馆在货物装运前批准和签发(备案)的货物正式证明文件ConsularinvoiceAdocument,certifiedbyaconsularorofficial,isrequiredbysomecountriestodescribeashipment.UsedbyCustomsoftheforeigncountry,toverifythevalue,quantityandnatureofthecargo.外国海关(进口海关)用于证明货物的价值、数量和原产地的文件ConsularVisaAnofficialsignatureorsealaffixedtocertaindocumentsbytheconsulofthecountryofdestination.领事签证，目的地国领事馆在文件上的签章或粘贴ConsumptionEntryTheprocessofdeclaringtheimportationofforeignmadegoodsforuseinthecountry.进口消费品申报程序。进口国外制造消费品的申报程序ContainerAtrucktrailerbodythatcanbedetachedfromthechassisforloadingintoavessel,arailcarorstackedinacontainerdepot.Containersmaybeventilated,insulated,refrigerated,flatrack,vehiclerack,opentop,bulkliquidorequippedwithinteriordevices.Acontainermaybe20feet,40feet,45feet,48feetor53feetinlength,8’0”or8’6”inwidth,and8’6”or9’6”inheight.集装箱，可以从车架上分离装上船、火车或卸在集装箱堆场的箱体。的隔热型的冷冻型的平板型的框架型的开顶型的、油罐型的或装有内部装置的。集装箱有20、40、45、48、或53英尺长，8、8’6”英尺宽和8’6”或9’6”英尺高的。ContainerBookingArrangementswithasteamshiplinetotransportcontainerizedcargo.集装箱订舱，与船公司做出运输集装箱货物的（预定/预约）安排ContainerLeaseThecontractbywhichtheownerofcontainers(lessor)givestheuseofcontainertoalesseeforaspecifiedperiodoftimeandforfixedpayments.酬的合同ContainerLoadAloadsufficientinsizetofillacontainereitherbycubicmeasurementorbyweight.集装箱满载，无论是容积还是重量都满载的集装箱ContainerloadingplanAdocumentpreparedtoshowalldetailsofcargoesloadedinacontainer,e.g.weight(individualandtotal),measurement,markings,shippers,consignees,theoriginanddestinationofgoods,andlocationofcargowithinthecontainer.AContainerLoadPlaniseitherpreparedbythecargoconsolidatorortheshipperwhichshipsitscargoesonFCLterms.集装箱装箱清单，一种为注明集装箱内所有货物详细情况的文件，如：重量（单件和总重量）、体积、唛头、发货人、收货人、发货地和目的地以及货物在集装箱中的位置。装箱清单由拼箱代理或发运整箱（集装箱）货物的发货人缮制ContainerNumberTheuniqueidentificationofacontainer集装箱号，是集装箱辨别标记ContainerdeportThestorageareaforemptycontainers集装箱空箱堆场。空集装箱堆存(区域)堆场ContainerFreightStationAshippingdockwherecargoisloaded(“stuffed”)intoorunloaded(“stripped”)fromcontainers.Generally,thisinvolveslessthancontainerloadshipments,althoughsmallshipmentsdestinedtosameconsigneeareoftenconsolidated.Containerreloadingfrom/torailormotorcarrierequipmentisatypicalactivity.“集装箱货运站”，在这里货物被装进或拆出集装箱。通常处理虽然数量小但收货人相同的拼箱货。把集装箱装上或卸下火车或汽车是它典型的作业Or:Consolidationdepotswhereparcelsofcargoaregroupedandloadingintocontainers.Alternatively,inboundcargoesinacontaineraredevannedfordeliveriestoconsigneesasLCLs.拼箱货物分拨的集装箱货运站。ContainerIDAnidentifierassignedtoacontainerbyacarrier集装箱标志，集装箱标识。由承运人指定的集装箱标识符号ContainerManifestDocumentshowingcontentsandloadingsequenceofacontainer.集装箱装载清单，标明集装箱装载内容和装载顺序的清单ContainerPoolAnagreementbetweenpartiesthatallowstheefficientuseandsupplyofcontainers.Amonsupplyofcontainersavailabletotheshipperasrequired.集装箱用箱协议，协议方之间保证有效用箱和供箱的的协议公共供箱商在发货人需要时能够供箱ContainerSealNumberAnumberembossedonhigh-securitysealsforclosingupcontainerswhichwillserveidentificationpurposes.集装箱铅封号，一种刻在为封闭集装箱的高保险铅封上用于识别目的的号码。ContainershipAnoceanvesselspecificallydesignedtocarryoceancargocontainers.Itisfittedwithverticalcellsformaximumcapacity.集装箱船，专门为运输海运集装箱设计的船舶。它装有最大限度利用舱容的垂直轨架ContainerSizeThelengthofacontaineri.e.20’,40’and45’(feet)集装箱规格/型号，即：长度为20’/40’和45’英尺的集装箱ContainerTerminalAfacilitywhichallowscontainervesselstoberthalongsidefortheoperationsofloadingandunloadingofcontainers.ShippersdelivertheirexportcontainerstotheContainerTerminalawaitingforloadingontocontainervesselswhilstconsigneesatportstakedeliveryofcontainersfromtheContainerTerminalaftertheyareunloadedfromthecontainervessels.集装箱码头集装箱场，集装箱船可以靠泊并装卸操作集装箱的场所发货人将他们的出口集装箱交到集装箱场（码头）待装（集装箱）船，而收货人在集装箱场（码头）提取从（集装箱）船上卸下的集装箱。ContainerTypeContainersareclassifiedunderdifferenttypes,e.g.,drycargo,reefer,opentop,flat-rack,open-side,etc.集装箱类型，集装箱分为不同的类型，如：干货箱、冷冻箱、开顶箱、平板箱、侧开箱等。ContaineryardAfacilityinsideoroutsidetheContainerTerminalwhichacceptsladenexportcontainersfromshippersorladenimportcontainersfordeliverytoconsignees.一种设于集装箱码头内或外的用于接受发货人的重载出口集装箱或要交给收货人的重载进口集装箱的堆场ContainerizableCargoCargothatwillfitintoacontainerandresultinaneconomicalshipment.集装箱适装货，适合装入集装箱并取得经济运输成本的货物ContainerizationStowageofgeneralorspecialcargoesinacontainerfortransportinthevariousmodes集装箱化(运输)。多种方式的普通货物或特殊货物的集装箱化装运ContractCarrierAnypersonnotamoncarrierwho,underspecialandindividualcontractsoragreements,transportspassengersorpropertyforpensation.承运人ContractofAffreightmentOwnersagreetoacceptacostperrevenuetonneforcargocarriedonaspecificnumberofvoyages.船东同意按吨计收运费的连续数个航次运输货物的合同or:Anagreementbyanoceancarriertoprovidecargospaceonavesselataspecialtimeandforaspecifiedpricetoacmodateanexporterorimporter供船舶的货运舱位的合同ControlledAtmosphereSophisticated,putercontrolledsystemsthatmanagethemixturesorgaseswithinacontainerthroughoutanintermodaljourneyreducingdecay.集装箱温度/度和气体，减少运输途中货物腐败的装置CornerPostsVerticalframeponentsfittedatthecornersofthecontainer,integraltothecornerfittingsandconnectingtheroofandfloorstructures.Containersareliftedandsecuredinastackusingthecastingsattheends.集装箱角柱，整体连接集装箱顶棚底板和侧板的构建角柱的两端用于集装箱的装卸和安全固定。CorrespondentBankAbankthat,initsowncountry,handlethebusinessofaforeignbank.（信用证）通知银行/代理行，在本国操作国外银行业务的银行CostandFreightItisatermoftradinginwhichthebuyerofthegoodspaysanamountwhichcoversthecostofthegoodsplusthecostoftransportingthegoodsfromorigintotheportofdischargeorfinaldestination成本加运费价格，买方承付包含了货值和从原产地到卸货港或目的地运费的贸易条款CostandInsuranceApricethatincludesthecostofthegoods,themarineinsuranceandalltransportationchargesexcepttheoceanfreighttothenamedpointofdestination成本加保险费价格。除到目的地海运费外的货物成本、海运保险费和集港运输费价格Cost,Insurance,Freight(NamedPort)SameasC&FORCFRexceptsellalsoprovidesinsurancetonameddestination.Atermoftradinginwhichthebuyerofthegoodspayforthecostofthegoods,thecostoftransportingthegoodsfromorigintotheportofdischargeorfinaldestinationandtheinsurancepremiumforamaritimeinsurancepolicyforthevalueoftheorder.成本C&F和CFR除卖方要承担到目的地的保险费外是相同的一种买方承担货物成本、从原产地到卸货港或目的地的运费和根据海运保险规定的货物价值保险费的贸易价格条款。（在CIF后加上港口名称）CountervailingDutyAnadditionaldutyimposedtooffsetexportgrants,bountiesorsubsidiespaidtoforeignsuppliersincertaincountriesbythegovernmentofthatcountryforthepurposeofpromotingexport.强制征收有出口补贴货物的附加关税在某些的国家，政府为促进出口，给出口商(出口)补贴(进口国政府为了保护本国产品对这些有出口补贴的进口货物就会征收反倾销/抵消关税)CrossMemberTransversemembersfittedtothebottomsiderailsofacontainer,whichsupportthefloor.集装箱底板横梁,安装在集装箱底板纵向梁上支撑底板的横梁CubeOutwhenacontainerorvesselhasreacheditsvolumetriccapacitybeforeitspermittedweightlimit.集装箱或船舶在达到装载重量限制前其装载容积已满的状况CubicAunitofvolumemeasurement.立方，体积丈量单位CurrencyAdjustmentFactorAcharge,expressedaspercentageofabaserate,thatisappliedtopensateoceancarriersofcurrencyfluctuations.(Afeeappliedtotheshippingcoststopensateforexchangeratefluctuations)货币贬值附加费。一种用基本运费百分比率表示的费用，用于补偿海运承运人汇率浮动的损失（一种运输成本费用，用于补偿汇率浮动的损失）CustomoftheportAphraseoftenincludedincharterpartiesandfreightcontractsreferringtolocalrulesandpracticeswhichmayimpactuponthecostsbornebythevariousparties.定和习惯的用语CustomsGovernmentagencychargedwithenforcingtherulespassedtoprotectthecountry’simportandexportrevenues.口关税收入。CustomsBondedWarehouseApublicorprivatelyownedwarehousewheredutiablegoodsarestoredpendingpaymentofdutyorremovalunderbond.Thestorageordeliveryofgoodsareunderthesupervisionofcustomsofficersandifthewarehouseisprivatelyownedthekeeperhastoenterintoabondasindemnityinrespectofthegoodsdeposited,whichmaynotbedeliveredwithoutareleasefromthecustoms.保税仓库，公共或私有存放未缴纳关税货物或海关监管货物的仓库。库存或提货须在海关官员的监管下进行，私有仓库业主必须缴纳存货保证金，没有海关的放行不许交付货物CustomsBrokerAnauthorizedagentspecializedincustomsclearanceproceduresonaccountofimporter/exporter.报关行，报关公司。专门授权的进出口清关代理人CustomsClearanceTheactofobtainingpermissiontoimportorexportmerchandisefrom/toanothercountryinto/outtheimporting/exportingnation报关，结关。为获得从/向另一个国家进口/出口货物的进口/出口许可的(向海关申报)行为CustomsentryAllcountriesrequirethattheimportermakeadeclarationoniningforeigngoods.Theimporterthennormallypaysadutyontheimportedmerchandise.Theimporter’sstatementisparedagainstthecarrier’svesselmanifesttoensurethatallforeigngoodsareproperlydeclared.进口商申报从国外进口的货物进口商通常要为进口商品缴纳关税进口商的申报说明要与承运人的载货清单进行比对以确认所有进口货物已正确申CustomsHousAgovernmentofficewhereduties,suchasimportduties,etc.,andimportdocumentsfiledetc.,onforeignshipmentsarepaidandhandled.在海关缴纳和处理CustomsInvoiceAformrequiringalldatainamercialinvoicealongwithacertificateofvalueand/oracertificateoforigin.Requiredinafewcountries(usuallyformerBritishterritories)andusuallyservesasaseller’smercialinvoice./或原产地证明的所有商业发票数据的正式发票。样的发票，同时这种发票也能作为卖方的商业发票CustomsValueThevalueoftheimported/exportinggoodsonwhichdutieswillbeassessed海关价值。用于估算关税的进口/出口货物的价值Cut-OffTimeThelatesttimecargoorcontainerorotheritemsdesignatedbyshipperatoriginmaybedeliveredtoaterminalorCFSfacilityordesignatedpointforloadingtoascheduledtrainorship.晚时间CY/CFSCargoloadedinafullcontainerbyashipperatorigin,deliveredtoaCFSfacilityatdestination,andthendevannedbythecarrierforloosepick-up(AtermsofcontainertransportationpublishedbycarrierandallowedshippertochoosebetweenCY/CY,CFS/CYCY/CFS)/散交交货条款发货人在发货卸集装箱货物(由承运人公布、供发货选择的运输条款，有CY/CY,CFS/CY,CY/CFS)CY/CYCargoloadedbytheshipperinafullcontaineratoriginanddeliveredtothecarrier’sterminalatdestinationforpick-upintactbyconsignee.(Atermofcontainertransportation“seeCY/CFS”)/整拆交货条款发货人在发整箱提取的交货条款DDamagesfordetentionPenaltyifcargoisnotreadywhenshiparrivesforworking(1stdayoflaycan).Thisisnotdetentionwhichischargedforshipstimeondelay.IfthecargoisreadythereisnoDAMFORDET.货物的罚款不是为滞留而是为船舶滞期的费用如果货物备妥即没有滞留损失。DangerousgoodsThetermusedbyI.M.C.O.forhazardousmaterialswhicharecapableofposingasignificantrisktohealth,safelyorpropertywhilebeingtransported.(Anotherexpression:Goodsaretobeconsidereddangerousifthetransportofsuchgoodsmightcauseharm,risk,peril,orothereviltopeople,environment,equipmentoranypropertywhatsoever.)明显危害风险的货物的术语（另外的解释：只要运输就有可能对无论是人类环境设备或财产造成伤害的货物）DangerousGoodsDeclarationDocumentissuedbyaconsignorinaccordancewithapplicableconventionsorregulations,describinghazardousgoodsormaterialsfortransportpurposes,andstatingthatthelatterhavebeenpackedandlabeledinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftherelevantconventionsorregulations.求进行了包装和标记DaysallpurposesTotaldaysforloadinganddischarging)总装卸天数、总作业天数（装卸作业总天数）DeckApermanentcoveringoverapartment,hulloranypartthereof.甲板，覆盖在船舱上或其他部分的永久船壳DeconsolidationPointPlacewhereloseorothernon-containerizedcargoisungroupedfordelivery.散装（分拆）货交货点，集运货物交货站DeconsolidatorAnenterprisethatprovidesservicestoun-groupshipments,orders,goods,etc.,tofacilitatedistribution集运承运人，拼装代理人。为不成组(不足量)的货载、订单、货物等提供服务，方便货物配送的企业DeadSpaceSpaceinacar,truck,vessel,etc.,thatisnotutilized.卡车船舶没有有效使用的载货空间Deadfreight.Spacebookedbyshipperorchartereronavesselbutnotused.空舱（亏舱）。发货人或租船人已订而未使用的舱位（容）DeadheadOnelegofamovewithoutapayingcargoload.UsuallyreferstorepositioninganemptypieceofequipmentDeadweight.Weightofcargo,storesandwater,i.e.thedifferencebetweenlightshipandloadeddisplacement.(DeadWeightton)总载重吨，总载重量。货物重量、备用品和水的重量合，也就是空船和重载排水量的差额。DeadweightcargoOnetonofwhichmeasures40cubicfeetorless,freightondeadweightcargoisgenerallypayableontheweight,i.e.perton重量货物，重货。一吨货物体积为40立方英尺或小于40立方英尺的货物(我国规定为每立方米货物的重量大于1吨的货物)。重量货物按重量计收运费DeadweightTonnage(D/W)Thenumberoftonsof2,240poundsthatavesselcantransportofcargo,storesandbunkerfuel,itisthedifferencebetweenthenumberoftonsofwateravesseldisplaces“light”andthenumberoftonsitdisplaceswhensubmergedtothe“loadline”.(船舶)载重吨。船舶能运送的货物、燃油的吨数(=2,240磅)，是船舶空载吃水线与满载吃水线之间的排水量的差额Decimalconversionfactor(TimberTrade)(木材贸易)十进制换算系数（1板尺＝1/12立方英尺＝0.083333立方英尺＝0.002359立方米＝0.065457霍普斯天）DeclaredValueforCarriageThevalueofthegoods,declaredbytheshipperonabilloflading,forthepurposeofdeterminingafreightrateorthelimitofthecarrier’sliability货物价值申报。发货人在提单商申报货物的价值是为了决定运费率或承运人的(赔偿)责任限制DedicatedUnitTrainAnunittrainoperatedbyrailroadsforexclusiveusage.专用列车。由铁路经营的专用列车DeferredRebateThereturnofaportionofthefreightchargesbyacarrieroraconferenceinexchangefortheshippergivingallormostofhisshipmentstothecarrierorconferenceoveraspecifiedperiodtime(usuallysixmonths).Paymentoftherateisdeferredforafurthersimilarperiod.Duringwhichtheshippermustcontinuetogiveallormostofhisshipmentstotherebatingcarrierorconference.Theshipperthusearnsafurtherrebatethatwillnot,however,bepaidwithoutanadditionalofexclusiveoralmostexclusivepatronagewiththecarrierofconference.Inthisway,theshipperbeestiedtotherebatingcarrierorconference.Althoughthedeferredrebatesystemisillegalinmanycountries,itgenerallyisacceptedintheoceantradebetweenothercountries.长期回扣。为换取发货人在一段规定的时间(一般是六个月)内将其全部或大部分货载交给承还。回扣是在(货运)相同的时间内延期支付的，在这段时间内发货人必须不断地将其全部或大部分货载交给承运人或运价公会这样发货人才能取得这种如无持续排他提供货载就不给予的延期折扣回扣的承运人或运价公会约束了(捆绑了)。虽然长期回扣遍接受。DeficitWeightTheweightbywhichashipmentislessthantheminimumweight.低限货，无法满足运输最低重量要/数量求的货物。DelayinStartupInsuranceIsapolicytoprotectthesellerofaconstructionprojectfrompenaltiesiftheprojectisnotpletedontime.工程延误保险，工程延误保险是保护工程建筑商不会因工程不能按时完工受到处罚DeliveryInstructionsOrdertopickupgoodsatanamedplaceanddeliverthemtoapier.Usuallyissuedbyexportertotruckerbutmayapplytoarailroad,whichpletesdeliverybyland.UseislimitedtoafewmajorU.S.ports.Alsoknownasshippingdeliveryorder.交付(货)指示。到指定地点提取货物并交到码头的命令。要城市。也称为货运交付命令/指示Deliveryorder(D/O)Adocumentauthorizingdeliverytoanominatedpartyofcargoesinthecareofathirdparty.Thedocumentisissuedbyacarrieroraforwarderonsurrenderofabillofladingandthenusedbythemerchanttotransfertitlebyendorsement.提货单，交付命令。授权管理货物的第三放向指定方交付货物的文件。由承运人或运输代理人在收回提单时签发，然后贸易商通过背书进行货物交易(物权转移)的文件DemurrageDemurrage，Compensation/Additionalchargeimposedforexceedingthefreetimewhichisincludedintherateandallowedfortheuseofcertainequipmentattheterminalpayablebytheshipperorreceivertothecarrier.(SeeDetentionandPerDiem)滞期费，承