2023年高考英语备考优生百日闯关系列专题08阅读理解-记叙文类（含解析）

PAGE专题8 阅读理解——记叙文类方法与技巧方法概述记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、开展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件开展的经过为主线表达的，在表达的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序表达的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比拟轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的识别能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：〔1〕假设是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，开展，高潮和结局；〔2〕假设是“哲理故事〞，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；〔3〕假设是“逸闻趣事〞，应体会对话的幽默性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。命题方式考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序〔时间、空间、情感变化等〕排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，表达文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题学@科@网范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用以下方式来提问1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.Q：HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian，hostofthewell-receivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight〞，MissLuoLin，MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongkongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition，shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage，dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners，designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow，Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime，inShanghai，I’dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，〞saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.3、数据推算。IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesametime,youwillsave_______.A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题〔title,headline〕；2.短文或段落的主题〔subject〕；3.中心思想(mainidea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?4.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis__________.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat__________.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat__________.6.Thewriterimpliesthat__________.7.Itcanbeinferredthat__________.8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat__________.9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat__________.10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat__________.11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat__________.12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat__________.14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat__________.15.What’sthewriter’sattitude/feelingtowards...?16.Inthewriter’sopinion,...考点四、词义、句义猜想。词义猜想阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.Theword“...〞inLine...means/canbereplacedby...2.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“...〞suggests...3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“...〞is/referredto...4.Theword“...〞isclosestinmeaningto...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜〞，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、比照、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如:Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子给予annealing以明确的定义，即“退火〞。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆〞的意思。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep，earnsabout650yuanayear.定语从句中looksaftersheep就说明了herdsman的词义为“牧人〞。2.同位法。如:Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位语局部alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle确实切词义，即“城堡〞。Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地说明nightshift是“夜班〞的意思。3.比照法。如:Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来〞，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时〞的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名词,据此可以判断定possibility意思是“可能性〞。5.因果法。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动〞中，可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久〞。体验高考1.【2022·全国新课标I】CIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2022,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells〔干细胞〕inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.〞SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.〞Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldformere-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou’regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier〞inParagraph17AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor30.Why

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Washington【答案】29-31.BD.B【技巧点拨】词义猜想题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜想2.根据同位关系进行猜想3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜想4.根据转折或比照关系进行猜想。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。30.D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。应选D。31.B细节理解题。根据第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。应选B。考点:故事类短文阅读2.【2022·北京】BSurvivingHurricaneSandy(飓风桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,〞shesays.OnOctober29,2022,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,〞Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.〞Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,〞Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.〞59.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound______.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering60.Accordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildB.Thepeopletrappedinhigh_risebuildingC.ThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsD.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople61.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.ShegavehertoystothekidsB.ShetookcareofyoungerchildrenC.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpD.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform62.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB.AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC.EastorWest,homeisbestD.Technologyispower【答案】59.B60.A61.D62.A59.B段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn〞可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据“peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly〞排除D；根据“WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.〞可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，应选B。60.A细节理解题。根据第四段“Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.〞可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞，应选A。61.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.〞可知，Natalie创立了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，应选D。62.A写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.〞可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，应选A。考点：人物故事类短文阅读。【名师点睛】故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过表达突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件开展的经过为主线表达的，在表达的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序表达的，有顺叙、倒叙等。

解题技巧：

1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或说明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往表达文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如此题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。

2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的识别能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。

3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。3.【2022·天津】BEverymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone,notinfeaturesbutinfootsteps.Ashegrowsyoualsoage,andyourambitionsbecomemoreunachievable.Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhatyouhopedfor.Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.MysonJodyhashatedschoolsincedayoneinkindergarten.Scienceprojectswaiteduntilthelastmoment.Bookreportsweren’twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.I’vebeenanewspapermanallmyadultlife.Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“vo-tech〞student(技校学生).They’recalled“motorheads〞bytherestofthestudentbody.Whenasecretaryinmyofficefirstcalledhim“motorhead〞,Iwasshocked.“Hey,he’sagoodkid,〞Iwantedtosay.“Andsmart,really.〞Ilearnedlaterthatmotorheadsare,indeed,different.Theyusuallyhavedirtyhandsandweardirtyworkclothes.Andtheydon’toftenmakeschoolhonorrolls(荣耀榜).Butbeingtheparentofamotorheadisitselfanexperienceineducation.Wewholaborincleanshirtsinofficesdon’thavetheabilitiesthatmotorheadshave.IbegantolearnthiswhenIhadmycarcrashed.Thecosttorepairitwasestimatedat$800.“Hey,Icanfixit,〞saidJody.Idoubtedit,butlethimgoahead,forIhadnothingtolose.Myson,withothermotorheads,fixedthecar.Theygotparts(零件〕fromajunkyard,non-toastingtoasterhavebeenfixed.Neighboursandco-workerstrusttheircarrepairtohim.Sincethatfirstrepairjob,abrokenair-conditioner,anon-functioningwasherandanon-toastingtoasterhavebeenfixed.Neighborsandco-workerstrusttheircarrepairstohim.Thesekidsarehappiestwhendoingrepairs.Theyjokeandlaughandarelivingintheirownrelaxedworld.Andtheirmindsarebrightdespitetheirdirtyhandsandclothes.Ihavelearnedalotfrommymotorhead:publishersneedprinters,engineersneedmechanics,andarchitectsneedbuilders.Mostimportant,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon’tneedclonesinfootstepsoranywhereelse.Mysonmaynevermaketheschoolhonorroll.Buthemademine.41.Whatusedtobetheauthor’shopeforhisson?A.Toavoidbecominghisclone.B.Toresemblehiminappearance.C.Todevelopinadifferentdirection.D.Toreachtheauthor’sunachievedgoals.42.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’schildren?A.Hisdaughterdoesbetterinschool.B.Hisdaughterhasgotamaster’sdegree.C.Hissontriedhardtofinishhomework.D.Hissoncouldn’twritehisbookreports.43.Theauthorlethissonrepairthecarbecausehebelievedthat_______.A.Hissonhadtheabilitytofixit.B.itwouldsavehimmuchtime.C.itwouldn’tcausehimanymorelossD.othermotorheadswouldcometohelp.44.Intheauthor’seyes,motorheadsare_______.A.tidyandhardworkingB.cheerfulandsmartC.lazybutbrightD.relaxedbutrude45.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeintheend?A.Itisunwisetoexpectyourchildtofollowyourpath.B.Itisimportantforonetomakethehonorroll.C.Architectsplayamoreimportantrolethanbuilders.D.Motorheadshavegreaterabilitythanofficeworkers.42.A考查推理判断。根据第三段的句子Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish，可知，作者的女儿学习很好。应选A。43.C考查细节理解。根据第六段的句子Idoubtedit,butlethimgoahead,forIhadnothingtolose，可知，作者让儿子修车，因为他觉得这不会给他带来损失。应选C。44.B考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段的句子Thesekidsarehappiestwhendoingrepairs.Theyjokeandlaughandareinlivingintheirownrelaxedworld.Andtheirmindsarebright…，可知，在作者眼中，motorhead是令人兴奋的，聪明的。应选B。45.A考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的句子Mostimportant,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon’tneedclonesinfootstepsoranywhereelse，可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。应选A。【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于外表。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比方这篇阅读理解的第二题，问：作者的孩子是怎么样的？根据第三段的内容Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“vo-tech〞student(技校学生).They’recalled“motorheads〞bytherestofthestudentbody.可知，作者的女儿正在学习硕士学位，所以B是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，C是错的；D项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中只是说他的儿子会拖延，所以D也是错的，正确答案是通过第三段内容推理出来的。4.【2022·浙江】DTwothingschangedmylife:mymotherandawhiteplasticbikebasket.Ihavethoughtlongandhardaboutitandit’strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmymomhadn’tturnedasillybicycleaccessoryintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday.Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon’tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask.,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatanotherkiddid,we’dhearsomethinglike,“Idon’tcarewhatso–and–sogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTVinyourroomacarforyourbirthdayalsvishsweet16party.〞Wehadtoearnourallowancebydoingchoresaroundthehouse.Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.LikethetwolittlegirlsgrowingupattheWhiteHouse,wemadeourownbeds(nooneleftthehouseuntilthatwasdone)andpickedupafterourselves.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.Itwassummerand,oneday,mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixedandthereitwasinthewindow,White,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers,thebasketwinkedatmeandIknewIknewIhadtohaveit.“It’sbeautiful,〞mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher,〞Whataneatbasket.〞Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,Iplayeditcoolforashortwhile.ButthenIguessIcouldn’tatanditanylonger:“Mom,pleasecanIplease,pleasegetit?I‘lldoextrachoresforaslongasyousay,I’lldoanything,butIneedthatbasket,Ilovethatbasket.Please,Mom.Please?〞Iwasdesperate.“Youknow,〞shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelieveswasthecoolestthingever,〞Ifyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself.〞“BythetimeImakeenoughit’llbegone!〞“MaybeRogerherecouldholditforyou,〞shesmiledatRoger,thebikeguy.“Hecan’tholditforthatlong,Mom.Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mom,Please?〞“Theremightbeanotherway,〞shesaid.Andsoourpayingplanunfolded.MymotherboughtthebeautifulbasketandputitsafelyinsomehidingplaceIcouldn’tfind.EachweekIeagerlycountedmygrowingsavingincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere(washingthecar,helpingmymothermakedinner,deliveringorcollectingthingsonmybikethatalreadylookednakedwithoutthebasketinfront).Andthen,weekslater,Icounted,re-countedandjumpedforjoy.Oh,happyday!Imadeit!Ifinallyhadtheexactamountwe’dagreedupon….Dayslatertheunthinkablehappened.AneighborhoodgirlI’dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbikethatalreadyhadallthebellsandwhistles.Irodehardandfasthometotellmymotheraboutthisdisaster.Thishorribleturnofevents.Andthencamethelesson.I’vetakenwithmethroughmylife:〞Honey,Yourbasketisextra-special,〞Momsaid,gentlywipingawaymyhottears.〞Yourbasketisspecialbecauseyoupaidforityourself.〞55.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thechildrenenjoyeddoinghousework.B.Theauthorcamefromswell-offfamilyC.ThemotherraisedherchildreninanunusualwayD.ThechildrenwerefondoftheUSpresident’sdaughters.56.Whentheauthorsawthebasketinthewindow,she.A.fellinlovewithitB.staredathermotherC.recognizeditatonceD.wentuptothebikeguy57.Whydidtheauthorsaymany“please〞tohermother?A.Shelongedtodoextrawork.B.Shewaseagertohavethebasket.C.Shefelttiredafterstandingtoolong.D.Shewantedtobepolitetohermother.58.Byusing“naked〞(Paragraph12),theauthorseemstostressthatthebasketwasA.somethingshecouldaffordB.somethingimportanttoherC.somethingimpossibletoget D.somethingshecoulddowithout59.Totheauthor,itseemedtobeahorribleturnofeventsthatA.somethingspoiledherpayingplanB.thebasketcostmorethanshehadsavedC.aneighborhoodgirlhadboughtanewbike]D.someoneelsehadgotabasketofthesamekind60.Whatisthelifelessontheauthorlearnedfromhermother?A.SavemoneyforarainydayB.Goodadviceisbeyondallprice.C.EarnyourbreadwithyoursweatD.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves56.A考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子andthereitwasinthewindow,White,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers,thebasketwinkedatmeandIknewIknewIhadtohaveit.可知，当作者在橱窗里面看见这个篮子就喜欢上了它。应选A。57.B考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,Iplayeditcoolforashortwhile.ButthenIguessIcouldn’tatanditanylonger:可知，作者说了很多“pleases〞，因为她渴望拥有这个篮子。应选B。58.B考查推理判断。根据第十二段的句子(washingthecar,helpingmymothermakedinner,deliveringorcollectingthingsonmybikethatalreadylookednakedwithoutthebasketinfront可知作者觉得没有这个篮子，自行车看起来光秃秃的，使用“naked〞这个词，说明这个篮子对她是重要的东西。应选B。59.D考查推理判断。根据第十三段的句子AneighborhoodgirlI’dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbikethatalreadyhadallthebellsandwhistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。应选D。60.C考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知，作者的妈妈教育作者要通过自己的努力获得想要的东西，也就是Earnyourbreadwithyoursweat。应选C。【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以推理判断题为主，推理判断题不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于外表。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比方这篇阅读理解的55题，问：我们可以从前两段得出什么？第二段的句子Wehadtoearnourallowancebydoingchoresaroundthehouse….wemadeourownbeds(nooneleftthehouseunitilthatwasdone)andpickedupafterourselves.Wehadtokeeptrackofndifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.告诉我们作者的母亲教育孩子时使用的不寻常的方法。所以答案是C。再如59题，题目问：对作者什么是可怕的事情？文章没有直接说明，而是通过第十三段的句子AneighborhoodgirlI’dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbikethatalreadyhadallthebellsandwhistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。所以答案是D。5.【2022·全国新课标II】BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:〞MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday-and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.〞Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseetherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,〞ButI’mjustnotcreative.〞“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou’reasleep?〞“Oh,sure.〞“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.〞Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That’sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou?〞“Nobody.Idoit.〞“Really-atnight,whenyou’reasleep?〞“Sure.〞“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?〞5.TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto________?A.knowmoreaboutthestudentsB.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudents’interestinartD.teachthestudentsabouttoydesign6.WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside〞inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.8.Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?A.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.【答案】5.A6.D7.B8.A6.D推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork〞说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。7.B词义猜想题。根据划线单词后一句“Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.〞可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有缺乏之处。故划线词意为“drawback缺点〞。故B正确。8.A推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。]【名师点睛】本文属于词义猜想题。我们可以根据后句“Irantheriskthinking.〞中的“risk〞说明我的教育方法也有缺乏之处，故划线词意为“drawback缺点，缺乏〞。此题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。近几年高考阅读中猜想词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜想其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例：

Shanghai

Bashi

Tourism

Car

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offers

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minivans,

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rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或比照关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差异，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、比照或不相干的意义。还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因〞。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如Biggest

power

failure

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the

city's

history．．．All

of

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melted．根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化〞，也就是melted。考点：考查记叙文阅读6.【2022·全国新课标II】DAnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley’spictureswouldbeoutsta