病原生物与免疫学实验教材 免疫学概述教学课件

Immunity1.Immunity:referstoallmechanismsusedbythebodyasprotectionagainstenvironmentalagentsthatareforeigntothebody.(torecognizeandeliminateforeignsubstances)2.Agents:microorganisms(viruses,bacteriaetc)andtheirproducts,foods,chemicals,pollen,tumorcells,etc.3.Immunesystem:immunetissuesandorgans,immunecells,immunemoleculesIntroductionThreefunctionsofimmunesystem:

(1)immunologicdefence(2)immunologicsurveillance(3)immunologichomeostasisTheDangerModel:ARenewed

SenseofSelfPollyMatzingerTheSelf-NonselfModelsTheInfectious-Nonself(INS)ModelTheDangerModelImmuneResponseIntroduction

Innateimmuneresponse

naturalimmuneresponse

non-specificimmuneresponse

Adaptiveimmune

response

acquiredimmuneresponse

specificimmuneresponseInnateimmunityItreferstoanyinbornimmunitythatisalreadypresentthefirsttimeapathogenisencountered.Itdoesnotrequirepriorexposureandisnotmodifiedsignificantlybyrepeatedexposurestothepathogenoverthelifeofanindividual.IntroductionTheprincipalmechanismsofinnateandadaptiveimmunityInnateimmunitymechanismofrecognitionPathogenassociatedmoleculespatterns(PAMPs）:LPS,DNA,RNA,ProteinDanger-associatedmolecularpatterns(DAMPS):DNA,HSPPatternrecognitionreceptors(PRR):

Toll-likereceptor(TLR),C-lectinrecptor(CLR),RIG-I-Likerecptor(RLR),NOD-likeReceptor(NLR)Toll-likereceptor(TLR)TLRInnateimmuneresponseIntroductionMacrophageAttackingE.coliAdaptiveimmuneresponseTheTcellsandBcellsinthebodyrecognizetheantigenand,inturn,becomeactivated.Theactivatedlymphocytesthenproliferateandcarryouttheirspecificeffectorfunctions.TypesofadaptiveimmunityTwotypesofadaptiveimmunityHumoralimmunity:mediatedbyBcellsanddefenseagainstextracellularmicrobes.Cell-mediatedimmunity:mediatedbyTcellsanddefenseagainstintracellularmicrobes.Cell-mediatedimmunity: Phagocytosis(cellulareating) cytotoxcity(cellularkilling)Humoralimmunity: antibodies:(alsocalledimmunoglobulin)proteinssecretedbyBcellsthatbinddirectlyandspecificallytopathogens.Aplement:groupofserumproteinsthatcandirectlykillpathogens.ImmuneEffectorMechanisms©2005ElsevierTypesofadaptiveimmunity.AdaptiveimmuneresponseIntroduction1.Theactivationoflymphocytes

antigeninteractswithspecificreceptors:Bcell---BCR(Bcellreceptor):membraneIgTcell---TCR(Tcellreceptor),co-stimulatorysignal2.Proliferationanddifferentiationoflymphocytes

Bcell----cytokines(IL-4,etc.)Tcell----Antigen-TCR;co-stimulatorysignal;cytokines(IL-2,IL-7,IL-15)3.Effectorcellsandtheirfunctions

Bcell----Antibody;Tcell----Th,CTL4.MemorycellsDownloadedfrom:StudentConsult(on31May200605:26PM)©2005ElsevierDownloadedfrom:StudentConsult(on31May200605:26PM)©2005ElsevierLinksbetweeninnateandadaptiveimmunityTheclonalselectionhypothesisTheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1987"forhisdiscoveryofthegeneticprincipleforgenerationofantibodydiversity"SusumuTonegawa（利川根进）

GenerearrangementofIgMostbl