2023年考研外语押题预测卷10

考研外语押题预测卷10

一、UseofEnglish

1、Advertisingisaform.ofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto(1)_____otherstobuythefoodtheyhaveproducedorthegoodstheyhavemadeortheservicestheycan(2)_____.

Butinthe19thcenturythemassproductionofgoods(3)_____theIndustrialRevolutionmadeperson-to-personsellinginefficient.Themassdistributionofgoodsthat(4)_____thedevelopmentofthehighwaymadeperson-to-personselling(5)_____slowandexpensive.Atthesametime,masscommunication,firstnewspapersandmagazines,(6)_____radioandtelevision,mademasssellingthrough(7)_____possible.

Theobjectiveofanyadvertisementistoconvincepeoplethatitisintheirbest(8)_____totaketheactiontheadvertiserisrecommending.Theaction(9)_____betopurchaseaproduct,useaservice,voteforapoliticalcandidate,or(10)_____tojointheArmy.

Advertisingasa(11)_____developedfirstandmostrapidlyintheUnitedStates,thecountrythatusesittothegreatest(12)_____.In1980advertisingexpenditureintheU.S.exceeded55billiondollars,or(13)_____2percentofthegrossnationalproduct.Canadaspentabout1.@2percentofitsgrossnationalproduct(14)_____advertising.

(15)_____advertisingbringstheeconomiesofmasssellingtothemanufacturer,it(16)_____benefitsfortheconsumer(17)_____.Someofthoseeconomiesarepassedalongtothepurchasersothatthecostofaproductsoldprimarilythroughadvertisingisusuallyfar(18)_____thanonesoldthroughpersonalsalespeople.Advertising(19)_____peopleimmediatenewsaboutproductsthathavejustcomeonthemarket.Finally,advertising(20)_____fortheprogramsoncommercialtelevisionandradioandforabouttwothirdsofthecostofpublishingmagazinesandnewspapers.

A.request

B.oblige

C.affect

D.persuade

2、(2)

A.transfer

B.secure

C.enjoy

D.perform

3、(3)

A.resultingfrom

B.dealingwith

C.leadingto

D.goingfor

4、(4)

A.followed

B.preceded

C.achieved

D.induced

5、(5)

A.so

B.too

C.very

D.more

6、(6)

A.second

B.and

C.then

D.later

7、(7)

A.marketing

B.advertising

C.salespeople

D.agents

8、(8)

A.profits

B.benefits

C.interests

D.gains

9、(9)

A.should

B.would

C.may

D.will

10、(10)

A.though

B.otherwise

C.still

D.even

11、(11)

A.business

B.service

C.product

D.profession

12、(12)

A.amount

B.extent

C.possibility

D.utility

13、(13)

A.similarly

B.supposedly

C.approximately

D.accountably

14、(14)

A.with

B.at

C.into

D.on

15、(15)

A.While

B.Therefore

C.But

D.If

16、(16)

A.induces

B.reduces

C.produces

D.introduces

17、(17)

A.aswell

B.asusual

C.asaresult

D.asarule

18、(18)

A.more

B.less

C.cheaper

D.dearer

19、(19)

A.takes

B.brings

C.gives

D.delivers

20、(20)

A.works

B.calls

C.looks

D.pays

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thepeoplewhoanswerthephonegetanendlessstreamofcallsfrompeoplewhoareextremelyupsetthattheirelectricitygotturnedoffjustbecausetheyfailedtopaytheirbillfor297months,orpeopleaskingquestionslike"IsitOKtooperateanelectricappliancewhiletakingabath?"

Solet'ssaythatyouhaveagenuineproblemwithyourelectricbill.Thepeoplein"CustomerService"havenowayofknowingthatyou'reanintelligent,rationalperson.They'regoingtolumpyouinwiththeusualnot-so-brightpublic.Asfarasthey'reconcerned,therelevantfacts,inanydisputebetweenyouandthem,arethese:

1.Theyhaveabunchofelectricity.

2.Youneedit.

3.Soshutup.

Thisiswhy,moreandmore,thepeoplein"CustomerService"won'teventalktoyou.TheyprefertoletyoutalktotheconvenientAutomaticPhoneAnsweringSystemuntilsuchatimeasyoudieofoldage"...IfyourFIRSTnamehasmorethaneightletters,andyourLASTnamebeginswith'H'through'L'press251NOW.IfyourfirstnamehasLESSthaneightletters,andyourlastnamecontainsatleasttwo'E's,press252NOW.Ifyour..."

Soisthereanywaythatyou,thelowlyconsumer,cangaintheseriousattentionofalargeandpowerfulbusiness?IampleasedtoreportthatthereISaway,whichIfoundoutaboutthankstoanalertreaderwhosentmeanewsreportfromRussia.Accordingtothisreport,aRussianelectriccompanygotintoadisputewithacustomerandcutoffthecustomer'selectricity.Thiscustomer,however,happenedtobeaunitoftheRussianArmy.Sothecommanderorderedatanktodriveovertotheelectriccompany'sofficeandaimitsgunatthewindows.Theelectricitywasturnedrightbackon.

Onbehalfofconsumerseverywhere,Iwanttokissthismilitarycommanderonthelips.Imean,whataGREATconcept.Imagine,asaconsumer,howmuchmoreseriouslyyourcomplaintwouldhetakenifyouwerecomplainingfrominsideavehiclecapableofreducingtheentire"CustomerService"departmenttotinysmokingpieces.WhatIamsayingis:ForgettheAutomatedPhoneAnsweringSystem.Getatank.

Perhapsyouarethinking:"Butatankcostsseveralmilliondollars,notincludingfloormats.Idon'thavethatkindofmoney."

Don'tbesilly.You'reaconsumer,right?Youhavecreditcards,right?

Perhapsyouarethinking:"Yes,buthowamIgoingtopaythecredit-cardcompany?"

Don'tbesilly.Youhaveatank,right?

Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthat______.

A.thepeoplewhoanswerthephonearereallyverybusy

B.somepeopledon'tknowhowtoturnoffelectricity

C.somepeopledon'tknowhowtooperateanelectricappliance

D.somepeopleareignorantoftheirridiculousbehavior

2、

Accordingtothepassage,thepeoplein"CustomerService"arevery______.

A.ignorant

B.polite

C.arbitrary

D.foolish

3、

IfMr.HuntingtonSweetwantstoinquireaboutsomethingfrom"CustomerService",heshouldpress______.

A.251

B.252

C.either

D.both

4、

HowdidthecustomersettlethedisputewithRussianelectriccompany?

A.Bypeacefulnegotiation.

B.Byusingatank.

C.Byresortingtoforces.

D.ByappealingtotheRussianArmy.

5、

Thetoneofthispassagemaybeconsideredas______.

A.humorous

B.serious

C.fantastic

D.ridiculous

6、WhenIwas13mymotherdied.ThroughmyownsorrowIwasawareofthegreatlossthiswastoPop.Buthemadeonlyonereferencetohisownmisery.Hesaid,"Tobehappyeverydayistobenothappyatall."Hewassayingtohissonsthathappinessisnotastateyouachieveandkeep,butsomethingthatmustbewonoverandover,nomatterwhatthedefeatsandlosses.

LaterthatyearIgotajobasanentertainerinsmallclubs,andsuddenlyIknewthiswasthecareerIhadbeensearchingfor.Theworldofthetheaterwasfarremovedfromtheworldofmyfather,yetIfoundmyselfreturningtohimtimeandagain,forthesamereasonhisfriendsdid.

WhenIwas20Igotwhateveryactordreamsof—apermanentjob!Atthattime,atthedepthofthedepression,actorswereoutofworkbythehundreds,yetIwantedtoquitthatjobbecauseIneedednewexperiencesandchallenges.

Popheardmeout,thensaid,"Therearesomepeoplewhoalwayshavetotestthemselves,tostretchtheirwingsandtrynewwinds.Ifyouthinkyoucanfindmorehappinessandusefulnessthisway,thenyoushoulddoit."Thisadvicecamefromamanwhoneverleftasecurejobinhislife,whohadtheEuropeantraditionoffamilyresponsibility,butwhoknewIwasdifferent.HeunderstoodwhatIneededtodoandhehelpedmedoit.

ForthenextfewyearsIworkedinclubs,andthenIgotmybigbreak,appearinginamajormovie.AfterthatIwenttoHollywood,andfromthenonPoplivedwithmeandmyfamilythere.Wehadabigpartyoneevening.ThatnightIthoughtPopmightenjoyhearingsomeoftheoldfolksongsweusedtosingathome.WhenIbegantosing,themusicandthememoriesweretoomuchforhimtoresist,andhecameovertojoinme.Ifadedaway,andhewasinthemiddleoftheroomsingingalone—inaclear,truevoice.Hesangfor15minutesbeforesomeoftheworld'shighest-paidstars.Thissimple,kindlyoldmansingingofourEuropeanrootshadtouchedsomethingdeepinthesesophisticatedpeople.Whenhefinishedtherewasoverwhelmingapplause.

Iknewtheapplausethatnightwasnotjustforaperformance;itwasforaman.

Bysaying"tobehappyeverydayistobenothappyatall",Popmeans______.

A.oneshouldnotbehappyeveryday

B.itisimpossibleforonetobehappyeveryday

C.peopleshouldnotpursuehappylifealone

D.peopleshouldhavearealisticattitudetowardlife

7、

Judgingfromthecontext,theauthor'scareerismostprobably______.

A.anentertainer

B.anactor

C.asinger

D.awriter

8、

HowdidPopreacttotheauthor'squittinghisjob?

A.Comforthim.

B.Helphim.

C.Encouragehim.

D.Lethimalone.

9、

Thebigpartyoneeveningwasarrangedfor______.

A.theauthortosing

B.theauthor'sbigbreakinamajormovie

C.Pop'ssingingperformance

D.someHollywoodfilmstars

10、

Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextisto______.

A.narratehiscareer

B.illustratehispersonalsuccess

C.praisehisbelovedfather

D.describethecharacterofPop

11、Tounderstandtheroughly100,000genesinthehumangenome,researcherssaytheymustinvestigateanevenmorecomplicatedsetofmolecules-proteins.Genesaretheblueprintsformakingproteins,andthe"sequence"ofagene—itsstructuralpattern—determinesthekindofproteinitmakes.Someproteinsbecomebuildingblocksforstructuralpartsofthecell.Otherproteinsbecomemolecular"machines"enzymes,hormones,antibodiesthatcarryoutthemyriadactivitiesnecessarytokeepthecellandthebodyworkingproperly.

Withanunderstandingofhumanproteins(ortheproteome),scientistswillbeabletofightdiseaseonmanyfronts.Forexample,scientistsattheCenterforProteomeAnalysisinOdense,Denmark,haveisolatedaprotein,galectin,thatmayfightdiabetes.Diabetesseemstobecausedwheninsulin-producingcellsinthepancreasareinadvertentlykilledbythebody'simmunesystem.

TheDanishscientistsspentyearsanalyzingtheproteinspresentindiabetes-proneanddiabetes-resistantcells,andtheytentativelyconcludedthatgalectinprotectsdiabetes-pronecellsfrombeingattackedbytheimmunesystem.Preliminaryanimaltests,inwhichthegalectingenehasbeeninsertedintodiabetes-pronecells,seemtoconfirmthehypothesis.

Effectivecancerdrugsmayalsoarisefromadeeperunderstandingofgenesandproteins,saysKenCarter,presidentofTherapeuticGenomics,oneofthemanybiotechcompaniesworkingtodevisenewdrugsbasedongeneticknowledge.Soon,scientistswillbeabletoquicklyandaccuratelycomparecancertissuewithnormaltissuetoseewhichgenesare"switchedon"andmakingproteinsandwhichgenesarenot,hesays.

"Ifyoufoundagenethatwashighlyexpressedinprostatecancercellsbutnotothertissues,youcoulddeducethatgenewasinvolvedinprostatecancer,"accordingtoCarter."Wewouldtrytodevelopinthelabawaytoblocktheexpressionofthatgene."Onepossibilitywouldbea"smallmolecule"drugthatwouldattachtoandinactivatethatgene'sprotein.

Finally,drugsthemselveswilllikelybecomesaferandmoreeffectivebecausetheywillbetailoredtoanindividual'sgeneticabilitytoprocessmedicines,predictsRobertWaterston,directoroftheHumanGenomeProjectsequencingcenteratWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.

Inthefuture,abloodtestcouldshowhowmuchofaparticulardrug-processingenzymeapersonhas,Waterstonexplains.Thedoctorwouldthenadjustthedoseaccordinglyorprescribeadrugcustomdesignedforthatperson'sgeneticmakeup.Thisnewfield,calledpharmacogenomics,shouldeliminatemanyofthedrugsideeffectsthatresultfromourcurrent,crudermethodsofdeterminingdosage.

Accordingtothetext,thefunctionofgenesis______.

A.toplanformakingproteins

B.todeterminethekindofproteinitmakes

C.likethatofbuildingblocks

D.tocarryoutthemyriadactivities

12、

TheresearchofscientistsattheCenterforProteomeAnalysisinOdense,Denmarkishelpfulto______.

A.isolateaprotein,galectin

B.curediabetes

C.thebody'simmunesystem

D.protectdiabetes-pronecells

13、

AccordingtoKenCarter,effectivecancerdrugsmayalsoarisebymeansof______.

A.adeeperunderstandingofgenesandproteins

B.devisingnewdrugsbasedongeneticknowledge

C.comparingcancertissuewithnormaltissue

D.switchingonsomegenes

14、

WhatwouldKenCarterandhiscolleaguesdo?

A.Findingagenethatwashighlyexpressedinprostatecancercells.

B.Deducingthegenewhichisinvolvedinprostatecancer.

C.Findingawaytostoptheexpressionofcarcinogenicgenes.

D.Developinga"smallmolecule"drug.

15、

Judgingfromitsformation,theword"pharmacogenomics"probablyrefersto______.

A.thescienceofdrugsincludingtheirorigin,composition,pharmacokinetics,etc.

B.thepropertiesandreactionsofdrugsespeciallywithrelationtotheirtherapeuticvalue

C.abranchofpharmacologydealingwiththereactionsbetweendrugsandlivingsystems

D.abranchofscienceofdrugsespeciallydealingwithcarcinogenicgenes

16、Asimplepairofpantsmaycontainamultitudeofmeanings.Inthe1850s,jeansweretheunemotional,durabledressofthosethatcametoCaliforniatolaborinthegoldfields.Seamswerestrengthenedwithmetalpinstomakethemhold,atechnologyborrowedfromtheconstructionofhorseblankets.Clothforbeastsofburdenwastranslatedtotheneedsofmenofburden.Theseweretheclothesofhard-laboringpeople,andthesepantsheldlittlepromiseforthemenwhoworethem,savethepromisethattheywouldbereadyforthenextday'slabors.

Duringthesamedecade,inthecourtofoneEuropeanqueen,"thegownwornbyafashionableladyinattendancecontained1,100yardsofmaterialnotincludinglaceandotherornaments."Americanwomenofwealthwerealsowrappedinanabundanceofcloth.Whilemakersofjeansworriedoverhowmanymencouldbefittedintoagivenamountofcloth,forwomenofwealththeconcernwaswithhowmanyyardsofclothcouldbeattractivelyarrangeduponagivenindividual.Thiswasthemarkofprosperity:towearenoughmaterialonone'sbacktoclothemanyofmoremodestmeans.

Thefashionablerichcouldnotimaginethemselveswearingthevulgarcanvaspantsofworkersand"peasants".Neithercouldworking-classpeoplereasonablyimaginethemselvesinthecostumesofwealthandpower.Tileonlyfashionlinkbetweenthem—subtleatbest—wasthesterntophatofwealthycapitalists,acoal-blackcylindersymbolizingthefactorychimneypipesthatbroughtprofittoone,hardshiptotheother.Bluejeansonlysignifiedlaborandsweat.

Yearslater,theclothingofnineteenth-centurylaborerswouldassumenewanddifferentmeanings.Humblebeginningsbecameincreasinglyobscurewithintheunfoldingofpopularculture.Inthemovies,thehorseridersoftheearlycattleindustrywererebornassymbolsofanoble,ruralsimplicity,andbluejeansbecameconspicuouswithinthelandscapeoftheAmericanmedia.Onthescreenthesepantsteasedtheimaginationsofcityfolk,wholongedforasimplerandlesscorruptlife.Whilelaborerswouldcontinuetowearthematwork,nowthewell-offmightputonapairathomeorinthegarden—anescapefromthedisciplineofthebusinessworld.

Inthe1950s,bluejeansbecameastatementbythosewhowishedtoboycottthevaluesofaconsumer-basedsocietythatwasconcernedonlywithacquisition.Blue-jeans-wearingrebelsofpopularmovieswereanexpressionofcontempttowardstheemptyandobedientsilenceofCold-WarAmerica;thepositiveimagesofAmericanconsumersocietywereundersiege.WhathadbeenapieceoftraditionalAmericanculture—bluejeans—becamearejectionoftraditionalculture.

In"Savethepromisethattheywouldbereadyforthenextday'stabors"(Para.1),theword"save"means______.

A.rescue

B.preserve

C.putaside

D.except

17、

WhichofthefollowingmaybeTRUEforawoman'sfashioninthe1850s?

A.Agowncontained1,100yardsofmaterial.

B.Awomanwrappedinanabundanceofcloth,

C.Thelongerthecloth,therichershewas.

D.Theattractivethecloth,thewealthiershewas.

18、

Thefashionablerichwouldnotwearbluejeansbecause______.

A.theyhadnoromanticimagination

B.theydidnotbothertolaborandsweat

C.theywouldnotrisklosingtheiridentity

D.theyhadthesterntophat

19、

Accordingtothepassage,thebluejeans'popularitywascausedby______.

A.nineteenth-centurylaborers

B.Americanfilmandmedia

C.theunfoldingofpopularculture

D.theimaginationsofcityfolk

20、

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

A.TheOriginoftheBlueJeans

B.Jeans:AFashionRevolution

C.Jeans:fromLowBeginningstoHighPopularity

D.TheEvolutionofaTraditionalCostume

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Recentarchaeologicalresearchhasfocusedonaphenomenonbarelynoticedbefore:extensivepatchesofrichblacksoilfoundalongthebanksandonterracesaboveallmajorriversintheAmazon.Somecoveranareaofmanyacresandareupto6feetdeep.Theyarethoughttohaveformedovermanycenturiesastheaccumulatedproductoforganicremainsleftbynativesettlements.ThesesoilsareusuallyfilledwithfragmentsofbustedceramicsandarenowbeingstudiedforcluestotheriseoftropicalforestcivilizationsintheAmazonBasin.Localfarmersregardtheblacksoilsasa"giftfromthepast"becausetheyarenaturallyfertileandhavetheabilitytosupportawiderangeofcrops.

B.Secondly,thereisatrulyimpressivediversityoflanguages,withseveralhundreddistincttonguesanddialects.ThisverbaldiversitymusthaveevolvedoverthousandsofyearsandimpliesanoccupationoftheAmazonbasinforatleast14,000years,afiguresupportedbyarchaeologicalevidence.TherockartintheAmazonBasinmaybeasoldashumanoccupationitself.Imagesarecarvedandpaintedonexposedrocknearrapidsandwaterfallswherefishingismostproductive,andincavesandrocksheltersclosetoarchaeologicalsites.

C.Twofactorshavebeeninstrumentalinliftingtheveilofmisunderstanding.Firstisasurprisinglydiverserangeofceramicstyles.Recentresearchseemstoconfirmthatacreativeexplosionofstylesoccurredabout2,000yearsago.ArchaeologicaldigsinthehighestreachesoftheUpperAmazonhavedemonstratedtheexistenceofawidespreadstyle.ofpaintinglargewatertightjarsinboldblack,redandcreamdesigns.Thissamestyle.hasbeenfoundonanisleatthemouthoftheAmazon,andappearstohaveitsoriginswheretheAmazonmeetstheocean,laterspreadingacrossmuchoftheUpperAmazon.Thestyle.transcendslocalandregionalculturesandpointstoconsiderableintercoursebetweensocietiesalongthevastrivernetwork.

D.ThenativepeoplesoftheAmazoncannolongerbeseenasisolatedcommunitiesinthedepthsoftheforestordispersedalongrivers.Westillhavemuchtolearnabouttheirsocieties,buttherainforestshouldnolongerbeseenasanuntouched"paradise".

E.AmongthemostexcitingdiscoveriesarefuneraljarsdatingtoA.D.1400-1700foundincavesandrocksheltersnearthemouthoftheAmazon.Thebonesofmen,womenandchildrenwerepreservedinindividuallydedicatedvessels.Itseemsthatthesiteswerevisitedregularlyovertheyearsandnewjarsaddedasfamilymembersexpired.Theseburialsreflectthefamilytiesofancientsettlementsandtheirnurturingoflinksbetweenthelivingandthedead.

F.PopulationcollapseandmovementalongtheprincipalriversoftheAmazonsystemhavecontributedtoaveilofmisunderstandingthathaslongcoveredtheculturalachievementsoftropicalforestsocieties.Diffusebandshuntingdeepintheforestinterioreventuallycametobeseenasthetypicaltropicalforestadaptation.SomuchsothatwhenarchaeologicalstudiesbeganinearnestatthemouthoftheAmazoninthe1950s,scientistsarguedthatthesophisticatedculturetheywerediscoveringcouldnothaveoriginatedintheAmazonBasinitself,butmusthavebeenderivedfrommoreadvancedcultureselsewhere.Theyimaginedthetropicalforesttobean"imitationparadise"unabletosupportmuchbeyondasimplehunting-and-gatheringwayoflife.Thismistakenideahasexertedapersistentinfluenceeversince.

G.ThefutureoftheAmazonBasinisnowasubjectoffiercedebate.Knowledgeaboutthepasthasavitalroletoplayinpl