高考英语一轮复习-名词性从句课件

名词性从句RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisLiMing.主语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语直接宾语间接宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句

(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句

(TheObjectClause)

表语从句

(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句

(TheAppositiveClause)请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that，不能省略。主语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegiveme

makesmehappy.Whetherhe’llbeabletocome

isnotyetknown.Whytheyhavenotleftyet

isnotclearsofar.主语从句主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。Thathewillcomehereisknowntous.Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere._____________________________________________________________________表语从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。注意：引导表语从句的连接词不省略。表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”Thetruthis

thatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Myquestionis

whetherPollycanfindherwayhomeTheproblemishowPollyisgoingtofindusinthecrowd.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________宾语从句在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语或be+adj.后宾语的句子叫做宾语从句Idon’tknow

（that）youwillcomehere.Youshouldfirstmakesureof

whathadhappenedyesterday.Iamglad

(that)youlikethepresent.I

wonderif/whetheritisagoodidea.注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。Vt.Prep.Be+adj.宾语从句____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?Hedoesn’tcareifitisn’tafineday.注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与ornot连用；作介词宾语只用whether;从句是否定句时一般用if。宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkit

ourduty

thatweshouldhelpothers.Ifindit

impossible

thatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等抽象名词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。同位语从句一般用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how,when,where,whether等。Shehadafeeling

thatshewasbeingwatched.Thenews

thathecouldn’tcomemadeusupset.Whatevergaveyoutheidea

thatIcansing?____________________________________________________________________________试区分以下句子Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?注意：1.定语从句，从句是不完整的，关系词充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。

2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。(同从)(定从)Tellthedifference1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportis

thataheavystormiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.同位语从句同位从句定语从句定语从句I.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences说出下列从句的功能：A:Appositive（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownon

theway.BBB考点：连接词的选择1.连词：that,whether,if。

2.连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,which等。

3.连接副词：when,where,why,how等。方法和步骤（一找二看四如果）

1找连词划从句,确定是名词性从句；

2看从句中是否缺主，宾，表，定：如果缺主，宾，表，定，则选连接代词；如果不缺主，宾，表，定，则：

3看主句句意是否完整，是否荐在疑问如果主句句意完整，不荐在疑问则选:that;

如果主句句意不完整，荐在疑问则选:whether,

和连接副词：when,where,how，why指物缺主宾表语：what指人缺主语：who指人缺宾表语：

whom,who指人或物缺定语：whose,what,which主宾表定状语不充当成份原则：从句中缺什么就补什么。It+be+形容词＋that从句Itistrue/clear/obvious/possiblethat从句（陈述语气）Itisnecessary/important/naturalthat从句（虚拟语气）

Sb(should)dosthSth(should)bedone特别注意：一、主语从句中：It作形式主语的固定句型：Itistruethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Itwas

necessarythatyou(should)askforhelpwhenthetaskistoodifficult.Itwas

importantthatourwork(should)befinishedontime.

It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelieved/said/reported/knownthat（陈述语气）Itisadvised/suggested/ordered/demanded/requiredthat从句（虚拟语气）

Sb(should)dosthSth(should)bedoneItis

believedthatChinaisthemostdevelopingintheworld.Itis

advisedthatpeople(should)smileeveryday.Itwas

requiredthatthehouse(should)bepulleddownatonce.It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat…

令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat…

事实是…Itisapitythat…

遗憾的是…It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappearsthat…

似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……

我突然想起……Itseemsthat…..好像…...Itmattersthat….有关系……注意：当it作形式主语时，引导主语从句的连接词可省略。特别注意：

二、that引导名词从句在从句中不充当成份，只起连接作用，在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句不能省略，但在宾语从句和it作形式主语而主语从句后置的情况下可省略；在由多个that引宾语从句中，只能省略第一个从句中的that.eg:Tomsaid(that)heenjoyedstayinginthecountrysideand

thathewouldcomethenextyear.

三、whether和if1)whether可引导所有名词性从句，而if只引导宾语从句；

2)引导宾语从句时，下列情况只用whether：(1)在动词discuss之后。(2)在介词之后。(3)后面紧跟ornot。(4)动词不定式前四、表语从句还可有because,asif,asthough

作引导词

Thatisbecausehewasheldbackbythetraffic.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasheldbackbythetraffic.

Helooks

asif/thoughhehasknownall.特别注意：五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1在主语从句中：

importantnecessary

advisedsuggestedorderedrequiredthatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedoneIt+be+It+be+thatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedone特别注意：2在表语从句中：

MysuggestionMyadviceMyorderMyrequirementeg.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)allgoouttoplayforawhile.

Hisorderwasthatthetask(should)befinishedintwodays.is

thatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedone3在宾语从句中：

suggestadviseorderrequiredemandsbthatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedoneEg:Hesuggested

thatwe(should)setoffatonce.Herequired

thatthebridge(should)becompletednextyear.4在同位语从句中：

thesuggestiontheadvicetheorderthedemandtherequirementthatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedoneHissuggestion

thatwe(shouldhelp)thepoorwasacceptedbyallofus.Theorder

thatthemoney(should)bereturnedtotheownerwasgivenbytheofficial.特别注意：六、名词从句都用陈述语序Iwonderifyoucouldhelpme.Heaskedwhenwewouldstartoutthenextday.Didyoufindoutwherehelosthiscar?七、doubt,possibility用于疑问句和否定句中用that引导；doubt用于肯定句用whether引导。Thereisnopossibilitythathewillcomeontime.Isthereanypossibilitythathewillcomeontime?Idon’tdoubtthathewillcome.Idoubtwhetherhewillcome.八、宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()1主句的主语是第一人称2如果宾语从句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。特别注意：特别注意：九、特殊疑问词+ever的用法whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however表泛指的概念，不需做出回答,表示“无论...”；what,who,whom,which,when,where,how则是特指的概念，有疑问，希望回答。__________wantstogotothepicnicshouldsighnamehere.Idon’tknow__________wi