人教版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点讲解

v1.0可编辑可修改v1.0可编辑可修改Unit1重点知识讲解Grammar一、情态动词(ModalVerbs)情态动词should意为“应该，应当"，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法。1.should的句式结构句式结构例句肯定句主语+should+doTheyshouldeatabalaceddiet.他们应该平衡饮食。否定句主语+shouldnot+doTheyshouldn'teattoomuch.他们不该吃得太多。一般疑问句---Should+主语+do+…---yes,主语+should.---No,主语+shouldn't.---It'stoocold.ShouldIclosethewindow太冷了，我该关上窗户吗---Yes,you ./No,you.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。的用法1111

用法例句表示劝告、建议You answerthequestioninEnglish.你应该用英语回答这个问题。表示推测They beathomenow,Ithink.我认为，他们现在应该在家。表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等How Iknowit 我怎么知道这间事情呢注意：should在以why,who,how等疑问词开头的问句中，意为“竟然，居然，怎么会" ，表示意外、惊喜或在说话人看来是不可思议的。其他表示建议的句型用法例句Shallwe/I+do+…Shallwe forawalk 咱们去散步好吗What/Howabout+doing/sth…Whatabout swimming 去游泳怎么样Let's+do…Let's and them.咱们去看看他们吧。You'd/We'dbetter(not)+do …We waitalittlelonger.我们最好再稍等一会儿。Whydon'tyou+do…Whydon'tyou awalkoutside为什么不出去散步呢Whynot+do…Why awalkoutside2222

为什么不出去散步呢三、反身代词表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。反身代词可译“本人”、“本身”，为加强语气，也常翻译为“亲自"、"自己"。不定人称代词one——oneself.1、反身代词的分类j-一数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfHimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、反身代词的用法用法说明例句作动词的宾语常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,help,lookafter,getdressed作宾语Heisteaching English.他在自学英语。Weenjoyed lastnight.昨天晚上我们玩得很开心。做介词的宾语常用于in,on,with,of,after,byShelivesby inthe作宾语countryside.3333

她一个人生活在乡下。做同位语强调作用、加强语气Didyoumakethecake这蛋糕是你亲自做的嘛Mr.Black isalawyer.布莱克先生本人就是一名律师。做表语强调“自己”Justbe .做你自己就好了。Maryhasn'tquite been recently. 玛丽最近有些不对劲。单词的用法SectionAWhat'sthematter怎么了该句常用询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦，其后用with引出对象。.What'sthematterwithsb.=what'swrongwithsb.=what'sthetrouble/problemwithsb.4444=what'sone'strouble/problem.What'sthematterwithTom=what'swithTom=WhafsthewithTom=What'sTom's.matter,名词，“问题，事情”.Wehaveimportant(matter)todiscuss.我们有些重要的问题要讨论。.动词，“要紧，关系重大”.Itdosen'tthatyoucamelate.Ihaveacold.我感冒了。.have/get/catchacold"感冒，着凉”Theoldmanacoldyesterday. 那位老人昨天感冒了. "have+a/an+疾病名称"意为"得了….病”haveafever,haveacough,haveaheadache…Ihaveasoreback. 我背痛。"Ihaveasore+ 身体部位"意为"…痛"辨析sore和achesore形容词，意为“疼痛的；酸痛的”用于身体部位名词前sorefeetsorelegsorethroat5555ache名词，构成复合词headache;stomachacheliedownandandrest.1).lie 的不同含义及词性变化单词词性词义现在分词过去式过去分词lie动词躺；平躺lyinglayLainlie动词说谎lyingliedLiedlie名词谎言无无无Katy(lie)onthebedandreadtheletterlastnight. 凯蒂昨晚躺在床上看书。He(lie)tomeabouttheresult. 对于结果他对我说了谎。.rest 动词，“休息，放松"Mayhimrestinpeace.have/takearest休息,放松=restYouneedtotakebreaksawayfromthecomputer.takebreaks=take/haveabreak休息Weareabreakunderthetree. 我们正在树下休息。Yeah,IthinkIsatinthesamewayfortoolongwithoutmoving. 是的，我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。.Inthesameway: 以同样的方式，以相同的方式Sheworkedoutthemathprobleminthesameway.6666.without 为介词，意为“无，没有，不"Youcan'tbuythingsmoney! 你没有钱就买不了东西。Heleftwithoutanything. 他什么都没有说就离开了。…Whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideogtheroad. 这时，司机看至1路边躺着——位老人。see/watch/notice/hearsth. 强调看到/听到的动作的正在进行see/watch/notice/hearsth. 强调看到/听到的动作的完整性.Ioftenhiminthegardenlastmonth.上个月，我总是看到他在花园里干活。 （强调全过程）IhiminthegardenwhenIpassedbyyersterday.昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。 （强调动作正在进行）Heexpectedmostorallthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus..expect+名词/代词"期待；预料"Iamaphonecallfromher.我正在等她的电话。.expecttodosth.Sheexpectstogotherenextweek. 她期望下周去那里。.expectsb.todosth.Heexpectedhertogowithhim..expect+that从句Iexpectthathe'llcomebacktomorrow.Buttomysurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.7777.toone'ssurprise "使♦一惊讶的是，出乎♦-意料”my(surprise),herefusedtocooperatewithus.让我惊讶的是，他拒绝与我们合作。.agree “同意”agreetodosth. “同意做某事”agreewithsb.agreeonsth. “就某事达成一致”.Mymotheragreed(buy)meanewpen.Ientirelyagreeyou.Weagreethequestion.辨析thanksto/thanksforthanksto“多亏，由于”，to是介词，其后接名词、代词或doingthanksfor“因•一而感谢”，for后接感谢的原因，常为名词或doing形式，Thanksyou,Iamnotlost. 幸亏你我才没有迷路Thankssendingmesuchanicegift. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物getintotrouble "造成麻烦（或烦恼）；陷入困境"trouble是不可数名词。beintrouble "再麻烦和困境中Lisatroublewhensheclimedthemountain.8888

LetushelpthepeoplewhoareDidyoufalldownfall—fell—fallenfalldown意为“倒下”，强调的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟宾语，加from连接宾语，falldownfrom,表示“从•一摔下”falloff“跌落”，强调的是“从某处跌落，摔下来” =falldownfrom.Thedogdowndead. 那条狗倒下去死了Theboythetreeandbrokehislegs.Thegirlthebike.SectionBSomeonefeltsick.Sick;生病的，恶心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品质恶劣的辨析sick和illsick既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。表语时“恶心的”ill既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。作定语时：表示“品质恶劣的”.EverytimeIgetonaboat,Ifeel,Heisanstudent,becausehesmokesanddrinks.Ihavetolookaftermysisterhomeathometoday.9999Someonegothitonthehead. 有人头部受到了撞击。.gethit 为系表结构：gethit+on/in+the+ 身体部位的名词，表示 “某身体部位受到了撞击".Thepoliceofficerontheshoulder. 这位警官的肩膀受到了撞击。.hit,“打击，击中”如果强调“集中某人的部位”可以用“hitsb.on/inthe+身体部位”Thebullethithimontheback. 子弹击中了他的后背。.hit可以做名词，“轰动一时的成功的人或事；风靡一时的作品” 。.Thesongwasahitatonce.haveproblemsbreathing.breathe,a.动词"呼吸".Hewasbreathinghardwhenhefinishedtherace.b.名词，breath,没有"e"takeadeepbreath深呼吸；holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸.haveproblems(in)doingsth. "做某事有困难或麻烦”.IhaveEnglish. 我学习英语有困难。辨析beusedtodoing/beusedtodo/usedtodobeusedtodoing意为“习惯于”,to是介词+名词/doingbeusedtodo意为“被用来做•-" to为不定式符号+do原形usedtodo意为“过去常常”，to为不定式符号+do原形Iamtoupearly. 我习惯早起。Apenisto. 钢笔是用来写字的10101010Hetobooksforanhoureveryday. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。find+宾语+宾补.find宾语adj.Wefoundhimdishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。.find宾语doingWefoundhimothers'homework.我们发现他在抄别人作业。.find宾语副词和介词短语Iamsogladtofindyou. 我很高兴发现你在家。Ifoundtheclothesstyle. 我发现这些衣服过时了。辨析runout/runoutof用尽，耗尽runout“动词+副词”结构。相当于不及物动词，后面不接宾语，主语通常是“事物”时间，金钱等runoutof“动词+副词+介词”结构。相当于及物动词，后面可以接宾语，主语通常是“人”Ourmoneyisout. 我们的钱快用光了Wearerunningoutmoney. 我们的钱快用光了辨析sothat/so•••thatsothat“以便，为了”=inorderthat,can,could,may,might,will,would,should引导目的状语从句，常与等情态动词或助动词。so….that“如此•-以至于”，引导结果状语从句，可以与•一enoughtodo…和too…todoso为副词，+adj/adv;that 后跟从句。…进行同义句转换。.Theygotupearlytheycouldcatchtheearlybus.SayslowyIcanfollowyou.TomranfastIcouldn'tcatchupwithhim.11111111=Tomranfastcatchupwith.so…that用法。.so+adj./adv.+that.so+adj.+(+a/an)+n.+that.so+many/much/few/little+.Theceilingissohighthatwecouldn 'treach. 天花板如止匕高,我们够不着。Hissonissotallamanthathealmostreachestheceiling. 他儿子UB么高,几乎够至U天花板了。Katehadsomanyfallsthatshewasblackandblueallover. 凯特跌倒了好多次，摔得身体青一款紫一块。giveup放弃."动词+副词”代词做宾语，代词放中间。giveit/them/him/her•••up.giveupdoingit'sgoodforyoutogiveup. 戒烟对你有好处。Ihurtmyselfplayingsoccer.playingsoccer 现在分词做伴随状语。表示动作同时发生。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。.Istayeduplateyesterday,foratest. 昨天我为测验熬夜学习到很晚。1212121213131313重点精准检测一、单项选择。()1.Thepearistoobigforme.Letmeapartforyou.A.cutdown B.cutoff Ccutup D.()2.Graceboughtalotofnewclothesandallhermoney.A.runout B.runoutof C.ranof D.() 3.Yourtemperatureis39 °C.Maybeyou.A.haveacold B.haveaheadache C.haveafever D.()4.Didyoucatchyourplane Yes.Wegottherejust.A.onthetime B.attimes C.intime D.()5.Suecametothesmalltownfiveyearsagoandsheherenow.A.isusedtolive B.isusedtoliving C.usedtoliving D.()6.Tosurprise,thefive-year-oldboycansingsomanyEnglishsongs.A.my B.me C.I D.()7.Emmalikesdancingandshekeepsoneveryday.A.dancing B.dances C.dance D.()8.WhathappenedyouyesterdaycutinranoutofhaveasorebackinthetimeusedtoliveminetodanceIhurtmyselfin.class.14141414A.to B. on C.at()9.Jimisalwayssobusyhehaslittletimeforhisfamily.A.if B. until C.that()10.Hi,John,Mydog'slegishurt.A.Howareyou B. What' sthematter C.Who' sthat二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。Look!Adogis(lie)bythesideoftheroad.Thelittlegirlusuallyfinishesherhomeworkbyothers'help.WhenIcameintothelibrary,Isawhim (read)Mr.Greenagreed(help)mewithmymath.Youarclateforschoolagain.IthinkyoushouldWhatdoeshemean (do)Didyoumakea(decide)tostudymedicineMr.Liputsomany(knife)intohisbag.Mydreamistobea (climb)oneday.Thelittledog's (die)mademeverysad.三、根据首字母或汉语提示完成下列句中所缺的单词。Susantookhertemperatureandfoundshehadahighf.IhaveatandIcan'teatanything.Youlooksotired,soyouneedtohavear.TonyusuallyplaysgameswithhisclassmatesduringthebD.withD.whenD.What'sLucylike(her)antidoesn'tneedabookthere.(get)upearlytomorrow.betweentwoclasses.15151515IhaveasthroatsoIcan'tsayaword.Weusuallywalkwithour （W）andseewithoureyes.I'mfeelingterrible.Ihavea （胃痛）Theriveristoodeep,butTomandTonytake （冒险） ofswimmingthere.Alexgothurtinthecaraccidentandlostmuch （血）Kate'smotherworksinahospital.She 'sa（护士）四、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。.他下了火车，然后就回家了。Hethetrainandthenwenthome..多亏了那位老人，我们找到了回家的路。theoldman,wefoundourwayhome..请记住当你生气的时候，不要做决定。Pleaseremembernottowhenyouareangry..为了能赶上火车，我六点钟就出发了。IleftatsixIcouldcatchthetrain..为了成功你不得不去冒险。Youhavetoinordercatchtosucceed.五、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空（有两个多余） 。knifbreadecidadvistroublrishighhurli differeseemcoughe ke eektentJohnlikestodosportverymuch.Hisfavoritesportismountainclimbing.Lastspring,hemadeabig1.toclimbMountEverest.Heknewitwasdifficultto