人教版新目标八年级上第一单元知识点讲解及练习

Unit

1

Where

did

you

go

on

vacation?

语言功能：谈论过去的事件

重点词汇：try,wonder,dislike,wonderful,bored,were，was,stayed，visited，arrived,went,bought,ate,saw,felt，walk，discuss，expensive，cheap,interesting,boring,exciting,terrible,friendly,special,delicious,rainy，sunny,hot,wet,goonvacation,stay

at

home，decide

to

do

sth.

quiteafew.重点短语：quiteafew相当多，不少stayathome呆在家ofcourse当然goshopping去购物feellike给…的感觉，感受到seemtobe好像becauseof因为decidetodosth.决定做某事goonvacation去度假ridebicycles骑自行车gotosummercamp去夏令营enoughmoney足够的钱studyfortests为考试学习thetopofthehill山顶重点句型：Where

did

you

go

on

vacation?

We

went

to

New

York.

Did

you

go

to

Central

Park?

Yes，I

did.

How

was

the

weather?

It

was

sunny.

语言结构：一般过去时：肯定句：谓语动词用过去式

否定句：助动词didnot+动词原形（did

not可缩写为didn’t’）

疑问句：助动词did+主语+动词原形语法不定代词，不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，常用不定代词有：something某事，somebody某人，someone某人，anything/某事，任何事，anybody某人/任何人，anyone某人/任何人，nothing没有东西，nobody没有人，noone没有人，everything每一件事，everybody每人，everyone每人。all所有的，each每个，both两者都，much许多，many许多，（a）little少许，（a）few很少得，other（s）其他的（其他人），another另一个，none没有，one一，either两者中的一个，neither两者都不。someone,anyone,noone,everyone,something,nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；either,neither,each,little,much等不定代词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如：Nothingisyetcertain.一切都还没有肯定。Neitherwassatisfactory.两者都不使人满意。Noonegoestotheschoolduringthevacation.假期时没人到学校去。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要放在不定代词之后。Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?I’dlikesomethingtoeat.Eg.Haveyoubought______forLinda’sbirthday?---Notexactly.Justsomeflowers.A.somethingunusualB.anythingunusualC.unusualsomethingD.unusualanything巩固练习I'msothirsty.Shallweget________todrink?

Idon’tthink________knowshernewaddress.

There's________inthenewcupboard.It'semptynow.

_________istoodifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.

Ithinkyoucanfindhim________intheschool.

Couldyoutell________differentbetweenthetwopictures?

Pleasehelpyourselfto_________soup.something,anyone,nothing,Nothing,nowhere\somewhere

anything,some一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，lastnight，in1990，twodaysago。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often，always等表示频率的时间状语连用。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他1．Be动词的一般过去时态.在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词，am,is的过去式为was;are的过去式为were.构成：肯定句：主语+was(were)+表语.如：Iwaslateyesterday.（昨天我迟到了。）否定句：主语+was(were)+not+表语，如：Weweren'tlateyesterday.（我们昨天没有迟到）疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+表语，如：Wereyouastudent?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+表语WhywashelateforschoollastMonday？上星期一他为什么迟到？2．实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词did.否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+宾语疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+宾语I

didmy

homework

yesterday.I

didn’tdomy

homework

yesterday.(否定句)Did

you

do

your

homework

yesterday？Yes,Idid.

/No,Ididn’t.(一般疑问句)3．情态动词的一般过去时：肯定句式：主语+情态动词+其它否定句式：主语+情态动词+not+其它.

一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+其它？

注：情态动词的过去式：can→could,may→might,must→must，will-would，should-should。

特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他Whatcouldshedotwentyyearsago？20年前她能做什么？

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1．Mr.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe2．---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere.A.don'tknowB.won'tthinkC.thinkD.didn'tknow动词过去式的变化规则1．一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed，如：work——workedlook——looked2．以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d：live——livedhope——hopeduse——used3．以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study——studiedcarry——carriedworry——worried4．以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop——stoppedplan——planned重读闭音节体现形式为辅-元-辅结构，5．不规则变化的动词过去式：have---had有are-----------were是get---got得到say---said说feel---felt感觉do/does-----did做is---was是go---went去drink—drank喝eat—ate吃bring----brought带来think-thought想,认为buy----bought买catch—caught抓住teach—taught教sit----sat坐wear----wore穿cut----cut切割sweep----swept打扫sleep——slept睡觉become----became成为一般过去时练习题，.请用正确动词形式填空1.He

(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat

(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We

(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy

(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I

(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They

(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother

(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls

(dance)atthepartylastnight.9.

I

(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek.10.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?

按要求变换句型。

1.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.（一般疑问句）

_______Frank_______aninterestingbookabouthistory?2.Hecleanedhisroomjustnow..（划线提问）What________he_______justnow?3.Thomasspent$10onthisbook.（否定句）

Thomas______________$10onthisbook.

4.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.（划线提问）

________________________family_______lastweek?

Goonvacation,去度假；onvacation,在度假（表状态）summervacation暑假wintervacation寒假Haikouisabeautifulcity.Let’s_____________________________there.Myparentsare________________inHawaii.some一些，某些，某个，any一些，任何some和any既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此some和any的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中A：Arethereanyapplesinthefridge?B:Yes,therearesome./No,therearen’tany.A:Isthereanywaterinthebottle?B:Yes,thereissomewater./No,thereisn’tanywater.Eg.Heaskedmefor____paper,butIdidn’thave_________.A.some;someB.any;someC.some;anyD.any;any但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。如：Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?你要不要来点咖啡?Many,much,alotof许多much只能修饰不可数名词

many只能修饰可数名词复数Alotof=lotsof接可数名词时谓语用复数，接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。alot是副词性短语，修饰动词。比如：Thanksalot.=Thanksverymuch.再比如：Iknowhimalot。Few和afew,little和alittle.few,afew是修饰可数名词复数的,little,alittle是修饰不可数名词的。

afew,alittle意思是有一些，表肯定意味，few,little，意思是很少，几乎没有表否定意味。Hehas_______friendshere,hefeelslonely.

他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。

Thereare________eggsinthebasket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。Thereis________inkinmybottle,canyougiveme_________ink?

我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？Decide决定，下决心decidetodosth.决定做某事,相当于makeupone’smindtodosth.decide的名词形式为decision.decidetodosth的否定形式是decidednottodosth.decide+名词：Ican’tdecidethedateofthemeeting.我决定不了这次会议的日期。decidetodosth：HedecidestogotoHongKangonvacation.他决定去香港度假。decide+疑问词+todo：Theycan’tdecidewhomtoinvite.他们不能决定该邀请谁。decide+宾语从句：Wedecidedthatwewouldnotgotothepartytonight.Eg.Goldilocksdecidedto______forawalkintheforest.A.goB.togoC.goingD.goestry,尝试，努力，试图trytodosth.尽力做某事;trynottodosth.尽力不去做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事；tryon试穿(接名词时，名词放在on前后都可以，接代词时，代词须放在try和on之间。Sheistryingtodrawahorse.她正努力画一匹马。Youshouldtrytakingmoreexercise.你应该试着多运动.I’lltryybesttohelpyou.我会尽力帮助你。Thisskirtisverynice.Wouldyouliketotryiton?这条裙子很漂亮，你想试一下吗？Whatadifferenceadaymakes!多么不同的一天啊！由what引导的感叹句，What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!她是一个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！Whatimportantjobstheyhavedone!Eg.___________wonderfulconcerttheyareputtingoninthecitysquare!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.WhatanEnough，足够的修饰名词时，enough放前,如enoughmoney,enoughtime

修饰形容词或副词时，enough放后面，如goodenough,happyenough,wellenoughEg.Idon’tknowhim_________toaskhimforhelp.A.goodenoughB.enoughgoodC.enoughwellD.wellenoughDideveryonehaveagoodtime?大家都玩得很开心吗？haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself=havefun玩得开心（+doing）eg:WehadagoodtimevisitingthetheGreatWall.=WeenjoyedourselvesvisitingthetheGreatWall.=WehadfunvisitingthetheGreatWall.Ireallyenjoyedwalkingaroundthetown.我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。（P5）enjoy及物动词，意为“喜爱；欣赏；享受……的乐趣”，其后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。a.Doyouenjoyyourjob?你喜欢你的工作吗？b.Ienjoyreadingbooks.我喜欢读书。(enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事)拓展：enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun玩得开心（+doingsth.）Bored无聊的，无趣的,常用来形容人，boring形容物。bored用于形容人，一般用作表语。如Iambored.

boring用于形容物，意思是令人厌烦的，乏味的。如itisaboringday!

类似用法的词还有：interested对…感兴趣，修饰人,interesting有趣的，修饰物;excited感到兴奋的，激动的”,一般修饰某人.exciting“令人兴奋的，使人激动的”,一般修饰某物,;surprised感到惊讶的，一般修饰人,surprising令人惊讶的，一般修饰物。IaminterestedinEnglish.我对英语感兴趣。Thisbookisveryinteresting.这本书很有趣。Feellike感觉像…，给人的感觉像是….，摸起来像…1.

后接名词Doyoufeellikearest?

你想休息一下吗?Thematerialfeelslikevelvet.

这料子摸起来像丝绒。2.

后接代词We’llgoforawalkifyoufeellikeit.

你愿意的话，咱们就去散散步。3.后接动名词I

feellike

catchingacold.

我像是感冒了。4.后接句子IfeellikeIwanttocry.

我觉得我想哭。Wait,等待waitfor,等待，如I'll

wait

for

you.我会等你的.can’twait,等不及，如Wecan'twaittogetstarted.我们迫不及待地想要开始了。Waitaminute,waitamoment.等一会儿；稍等一下Iwanttotalktoyou,butitcanwait.我想和你谈谈，但可以等会儿再说。Because和becauseof因为

because是连词，其后接原因状语从句或回答以why开头的问句；

而becauseof是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。如

(1)__________heisill,heisabsenttoday.

(2)Heisno