高考英语语法复习-动词和动词时态

Verb

Tenses

and

Voice

(

There

is

a

sheet

below

to

show

the

16-basic

structures

of

Verb

tensesdo

as

example)

Present

Simple I

do

Past

I

did

Future

I

shall

do;

You

will

do

Past

future

I

should

do;

I

would

do

Continuous

I

am

doing;

you

are

doing

I

was

doing;

you

were

doing

I

shall

be

doing;

you

will

be

doing

I

should

be

doing

I

have

done; I

shall

have

done;

I

had

done

Perfect I

should

have

done

he

has

done you

will

have

done

I

have

been

Perfect doing;

he

has

been

continuous I

had

been

doing

doing

I

shall

have

been

doing

I

should

have

been

doing

一般现在时

通

1. 一般现在时表示习惯性、

在的、反复出现的动作或状态，

常与其连用的时间状语有：

always/

usually/

often/

sometimes/

now/

seldom/

every

day/

once

a

month/

now

and

then/

occasionally

等。

She

is

out

of

danger

now.

She

often

goes

on

long

walks.

I

visit

my

grandmotheronce

a

month.

It

seldom

snows

here.

2. 表示客观存在的真理或事实，由直接引语变为间接引语时，一般时态保持不变。

The

day

before

yesterday

I

was

told

that

in

time

of

danger

one's

mind

works

fast.

Light

travels

faster

than

sound.

3. 表示主语目前的特征、性格或发生在说话时的感觉或状态。

She

majors

in

English.

The

box

contains

a

necklace.

It

seems

you

are

right.

I

regret

my

ignorance(无知、愚昧)

on

the

subject.

4.

在连词

when/

while/

if/

unless/

as

soon

as

等引导的表示将来行为的时间或条件状语从句

中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；但是如果从句中的

will

表示“意愿”，则可以

保留

will，此时的

will

仅仅是情态动词，而没有时态意义。

I

will

give

her

the

massage

when

shecomes.

If

we

hurry,

we

may

catch

the

bus.

5. 少数表示动作起止的动词也可以用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规定、计划

或安排要求发生的动作。

The

plane

for

Canada

departs

at

9:15

am.

The

programme

ends

at

11:10

pm.

6.

在某些以

here，there

开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态：

Here

comes

the

bus!

There

goes

a

thief.

7.

用于文章标题、戏剧、电影等的剧本或图片的文字说明中：

Hundreds

of

people

die

in

the

earthquake.(新闻标题)

When

the

curtain

rises,

Juliet

is

sitting

at

her

desk.(戏剧旁白)

现在进行时

，

1． 表示在说话的瞬间正在进行或发生的动作或者当前一段时间内的活动情况或现阶段正

在进行的动作（在说话时不一定是正在进行）。

在句中往往有

now/

just

now（就在此时）等时间状语或是像Look！等提示语，有的则是

通过上下文暗示某动作正在进行。Be+doing

2．

与

always/

constantly/

continually/

forever/

all

the

time

等表示时间的副词连用，表示说话

人对主语的行为表示赞叹、赞许、表扬、抱怨、厌恶等情绪，体现出一定的感情色彩。

He

is

constantly

leaving

his

things

about.

表示不满

She

is

always

asking

the

same

question.

表示厌恶

He

is

always

thinking

of

others.

表示赞许

3． 表示来、去、开始、终结、离开、到达等意义的瞬间动词的进行时表示按照计划安排好

的将要进行的动作。

We

are

leaving

for

Japan

tomorrow.

Where

are

you

going

next

Sunday?

：

4． 不可以用于进行时态的情况（通常是表示感觉、情感、存在、从属、思维等的动词）

1）表示存在状态的动词：be/

stay/

exist/

belong

to等

2）表示心理或感情状态的动词：

fear/

hate/

remember/

think/

know/

believe/

want/

need/understand/

forget/

please/

respect/

prefer/

mind/

like/

hope/

wish/

agree/

appreciate/

recognize/

mean/

care/

dislike/

love

等。

3）非延续性动词不可以用进行时：accept/

allow/

complete/

hear/

notice/

end/

admit/

give/

receive/

refuse/

promise/

decide等。

4）感官动词：see/

look(看上去)/

hear/

smell/

taste/

feel/

sound等。

现在完成时

1．

表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，往往体现出一定的因

果关系。has/have

+

p.p.(done)

2．

表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且还可能继续下去。可以和表示从

过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间状语连用。如：just/

today/

this

morning/

this

month/

this

year/

for/

since/

all

the

time/

already/

never/

ever/

before/

recently/

lately/

yet/

so

far/

up

to

now/

in

the

past(last)

few

years等。

The

storm

has

lasted

for

three

hours.

He

has

worked

as

an

animal

trainer

for

many

years.

+

3． 在“最高级

名词”或是“这是第几次”后面的定语从句中，从句用现在完成时。

This

is

the

most

interesting

book

that

I

have

read.

4．

延续性动词与瞬间动词和完成时态

词

（

在肯定句中，完成时跟表示一段时间的状语连用时，句子的谓语动词应该是延续性动，

不可以与瞬间动词连用；在否定句中没有限制。在做题过程中，要分清瞬间动与延续

性动词。以瞬间动词

join

和

marry

为例，请仔细体会下列各句的翻译，并做出

比较：

1）Peter 参军八年了。

注意使用不同的句型）

A.

Peter

has

been

a

PLA

man

for

8

years.

用完成时，be

动词表状态，延续性。

B.

Peter

joined

the

army

8

years

ago.

join

是瞬间动词，本句是一般过去时。

C.

It

is

8

years

since

Peter

joined

the

army.

+

， 示 ”

用句型“it is+时间段+since+主语+谓语动词（过去时）……”表示“自从……多少年

了”

注意如果

since

从句的谓语动词是延续性动词则表“有多少年不做某事了。如：

---Would

you

like

a

cigarette?

---No,

thank

you.It’s

two

years

since

I

smoked.(表示有两年不抽烟了)

2）

Mary

结婚八年了。

A.

It

is

8

years

since

Mary

married.

B.

Mary

married

8

years

ago.

C.

Mary

has

been

married

for

8

years.

5． 现在完成时可用在表时间、条件、让步的状语从句中，表示将来某时前已完成的动作。

When

you

have

learned

English,you’ll

find

it

a

bridge

to

so

much

knowledge.

Once

you

have

made

a

promise,

youshouldn’t

break

it.

”

6．

have

been

to

与

have

gone

to

的区别

前者表示“去过某地，现在已经回来；后者表示

，

“去某地了”

目前不在当地，表示在去某地的途中或是已经到了某地。

She

has

been

to

Europe,

but

she

is

back

now.

She

has

gone

to

Europe

and

she

is

not

here

now.

现在完成进行时

具有

表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在现在正在进行着，而且还有可能要进行下

去，

强调进行的过程。或者是强调一直到现在为止的一段时间内已在反复进行的动作。

现在完

成时和现在进行时两者的特征。Has/have+been+doing

He

has

been

watching

television

all

day.

She's

been

playing

tennis

since

she

was

eight.

How

long

has

it

been

raining?

All

night

long

this

has

been

going

on.

Jim

has

been

phoning

Jenny

every

night

for

the

past

week.

练习一

1. Have

you

got

any

job

offers?

No.

I .

A.

waited B.

had

been

waiting C.

have

waited D.

am

waiting

2. Something

as

simple

as some

cold

water

may

clear

your

mind

and

relieve

pressure.

A.

to

drink B.

drinking C.

to

be

drinking D.

drunk

3. What’sthat

noise?

Oh,

I

forgot

to

tell

you.

The

new

machine .

A.

was

tested B.

will

be

tested C.

is

being

tested D.

has

been

tested

4. In

recent

years

many

football

clubs as

business

to

make

a

profit.

A.

have

run B.

have

been

run C.

had

been

run D.

will

run

5. We

first

met

on

a

train

in

2000.

We

both

felt

immediately

that

we each

other

for

years.

A.

knew B.

have

known C.

had

known D.

know

6. Do

you

know

if

Terry

will

go

camping

this

weekend?

Terry?

Never!

She tents

and

fresh

air!

A.

has

hated B.

hated C.

will

hate D.

hates

7. The

country

has

already

sent

up

three

unmanned

spacecraft,

the

most

recent at

the

end

of

last

March.

A.

has

been

launched B.

having

been

launched

C.

being

launched D.

to

be

launched

8. Danny hard

for

long

to

realize

his

dream

and

now

he

is

popular.

A.

works B.

is

working C.

has

worked D.

worked

9. Has

your

father

returned

from

Africa

yet?

Yes,

but

he here

for

only

three

days

before

his

company

sent

him

Australia.

A.

was B.

has

been C.

will

be D.

would

be

10.

Lucy

has all

of

the

goals

she

set

for

herself

in

high

school

and

is

ready

for

new

challenges

at

university.

A.

acquired B.

finished C.

concluded D.

achieved

11.

Have

you

known

Dr.

Jackson

for

a

long

time?

Yes,

since

she the

Chinese

Society.

A.

has

joined B.

Joins C.

had

joined D.

joined

12.

If

the

weather

had

been

better,

we

could

have

had

picnic.

But

it all

day.

A.

rained B.

rains C.

has

rained D.

is

raining

13.

No

decision about

any

future

appointment

until

all

the

candidates

have

been

interviewed.

A.

will

be

made B.

is

made C.

is

being

made D.

has

been

made

14.

He football

regularly

for

many

years

when

he

was

young.

A.

was

playing B.

played C.

has

played D.

had

played

15.

Did

you

watch

the

basketball

match

yesterday?

Yes,

I

did.

You

know,

my

brother in

the

match.

A.

is

playing B.

was

playing C.

has

played D.

had

played

练习解析

1．

D

考查时态。根据上句的提问，答句应该使用现在进行时，表示现阶段正在等待的事实。

2．

B

句意为“有些东西像喝凉水一样能让你清醒并释放压力”，考查非谓语动词。根据句

意和结构可判断，may

clear

前缺主语成分，可以排除

C、D

两项，而句中不表示“将来

喝”，又排出

A

项，所以用

B

项动名词形式作主语。

3．

C

考查语态和时态。对方询问的是正在发出的噪声是什么缘故，所以回答的是目前正在

发生的动作。而

machine

与

test

之间又是被动关系，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。

4．

B

句意为“最近一些年很多足球俱乐部都是通过商业运营的方式来获利”。考查现在完

成时和被动语态相结合的用法。根据句意和结构，信息词

in

recent

years

常用于完成时

和过去时，作为

club

和

run

的关系应该是“被动”，所以根据以上两点，可以排除

ACD

三项。

5．

C

此题考查虚拟语气的用法，全句的意思是：我们第一次见面时

2000

年在火车上，当

去

时我们两个一见如故，感到好象相识多年了。与过去事实相反的虚拟句的主句应用过完

成时，故选

C。

“

6．

D

句意为“你知道

Terry

这个周末是否会去野营吗？”

Terry？绝对不会！她厌恶帐篷和

新鲜的空气。”此题考查一般现在时的用法。根据句意和情景，“厌恶”是

Terry

一贯的

一种态度，表示存在她身上的一种客观情况，所以

A

表完成，B

表过去，C

表将来都不

符合题干要求，只能选

D

项用一般现在是表示经常性和习惯性的动作或者状态，强调事

实。

7．

B

此题考查非谓语动词时态及语态的用法，

having

been

launched

修饰

spacecraft，逗号

人

作

之后相当于一个非限定性定语从句，这句话的意思是：这个国家已经发射了三颗不载宇

宙飞船，最近发射的是在去年三月末，非谓语动词的完成时表示动作发生在主句动之前。

8．

C

此题考查时态，与一段时间连用（for

long）且下文有

now，所以用现在完成时。

9．

A

考查时态。对话意思是：“你爸爸从非洲回来了吗？”“是的，但他只待了三天就被

公司派去澳大利亚了。”题干中用了

sent（send

的过去式），所以在它之前的动作应用过

去完成时，而

before已表明动作的先后，故可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

“

10． D

本题考查语境条件下动词词语辨析。本题句意为：

Lucy

实现了在高中阶段为自

如

”C

； ；

己设定的全部目标，正在为接受大学生活中可能遇到各种新的挑战做准备。”注意下列

动词词义及搭配辨析。acquire“（经由努力而）获得，学得，一般宾语为知识、学问等，

：

acquire

a

foreign

language学会一种外国语言；finish

完成、结束、终结，其后宾语

多为

工作、人物等具体的事物，如：

Some

students

finished

their

homework

yesterday

afternoon.有些学生昨天下午就做完了作业。onclude 意为“结束、推断出、断定，其

后宾语多为观点、结论，如：When

he

ran

away

from

me,

I

concluded

he

was

afraid.当他从

我这里跑调时，我断定他害怕了；而

achieve 则为“达到（目的）实现（目标）

取得

（胜利）；完成”的意思，如：Maurice

has

achieved

his

hope

of

becoming

a

doctor.莫里斯

实现了成为一名医生的愿望。根据语境判断，此处选Ｄ最为合适。

11． D.

根据上句我们知道，这里应该是现在完成时的继续和延伸，问句：你认识

Dr.

Jackson 好久了吗？答：是的，自从她参加华人社团这个组织以来

12．

A

全句的意思是：如果天气当时变好的话，我们就会去野炊，但是当时雨下了一

A

整天。前面是一个虚拟句，后面是一个真实句，表示一个过去的真实情况，故选

13． A

根据句意，应该使用一般将来时的被动语态

14．

B 此题之所以选

B，用一般过去时，是因为后面有一个

when

引导的表示过去的时

间状语

15． B

考查时态。根据语境可知，我弟弟那时一直在打比赛，用过去进行时。

一般将来时

表示在现在看来将要发生的行为动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有

tomorrow/

soon/

next

week/

someday/

from

now

on/

in

(the)

future/

in

three

days等。

常见的将来时的表达方式

有：

1．

shall/

will

+

do表示单纯的将来，其中

will

可以表示意愿或决心。

He

will

be

eighteen

years

old

next

month.

到下个月他就满

18

岁了。

We

shall

know

more

and

more

as

time

goes

on.随着时间的增长我们知道的会越来越多。

2．

be

going

to+

do表示①按照计划打算做……②根据客观的迹象预示着……，不可以表示

单纯的将来。

If

I

have

enough

time,

I'm

going

to

travel

around

China.

如果我有足够的时间，我打算要游遍中国。

Look

at

the

clouds！

There

is

going

to

be

a

storm.

看那些乌云！要有一场暴风雨了。

3．

be+

to

do表示预定要做某事或表示命令（禁止）、职责、义务、要求，意思是“应该”。

He

is

into

violin

very

much,

which

is

to

make

him

a

world

famous

violinist.

他非常热爱小提琴，

这会使得他注定会成为世界著名的小提琴家。

It's

said

Peter

is

to

go

abroad

for

further

education

next

month.

据说

Peter

下个月要出国深造了。

You

are

to

report

to

the

police.你应该

去报警。

4．

在句型“祈使句+and/

or+主语+will…”中

Listen

to

me

carefully

or

you

will

make

mistakes.

仔细听我说否则你会犯错误的。

Finish

the

courses

and

you

will

pass

the

exam.

完成课程你将会通过考试。

5．

进行时表示将来。

像

go/

come/

leave/

return/

work/

start/

stay/

do/

have等表示移动或方向的动词用于进行

时态，表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作。

What

are

you

going

to

do

at

the

weekend?

周末你打算干什么？

When

is

she

leaving

for

home?

她什么时候动身回家？

We’re

having

a

party

next

week.

下周我们要开个聚会。

6．

Be

about

to

do

sth.

或

be

on

the

point

of

doing

sth.表示将来。

这两个句型指的是眼下就要

发生的动作，所以一般不再用表示具体的将来时间的副词或

词性的短语作时间状语，但

是可以用

as/

when引导的时间状语从句。

可以说：They

are

about

to

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse.

不可以说：They

are

about

to

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse

in

five

minutes.

可以说：They

are

to

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse

in

five

minutes.

或：

They

are

going

to

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse

in

five

minutes.或：

They

will

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse

in

five

minutes.

将来进行时

will

表示在现在看来将来某一时间或某一时刻要进行的动作，构成形式是：

be doing，具有

一般将来是和现在进行时两者的特点。

This

time

next

week

I’ll

be

lying

on

the

beach.

At

ten

o'clock

tomorrow,

she

will

be

working

in

her

office.

I'll

be

seeing

her

this

evening.

Will

you

be

passing

the

post

office

when

you're

out?

将来完成时

表示在现在看来到将来某个时间某个动作将要完成，构成形式是

will

have

done

，具有一般

要 体

将来时和现在完成时两者的特点。

把握题干中的时间状语，

会上下文中隐含的将来时和完

成时的共同信息是解题的关键。常用的时间状语为：by+将来某个时间。

When

we

get

there,she’ll

have

gone

to

work.

我们到那里时他已经去上班了。

我

The

film

will

have

started

by

the

time

we

get

to

the

cinema.

们到电影院时电影已经开始了。

On

Monday

he'll

have

been

in

Britain

for

three

years.到星期一，他在英国就满三年了。

I'll

have

retired

by

the

year

2010.

到

2010

年我已经退休了。

练习二

1．

Do

you

have

any

problems

if

you this

job?

Well,

I’m

thinking

about

the

salary.

A.

offer B.

will

offer C.

are

offered D.

will

be

offered

2．

How

can

I

apply

for

an

online

course?

Just

fill

out

this

form

and

we what

we

can

do

for

you.

A.

see B.

are

seeing C.

have

seen D.

will

see

3．

Can

we

meet

tomorrow

afternoon?

Not

in

the

afternoon,I’m

afraid.

I

A.

will

be

working B.

am

going

to

work

C.

am

about

to

work D.

will

work

4．

You

are

late

again!

We without

you.

A.

went B.

had

gone C.

were

going D.

will

go

5．

As

far

as

I

know,

the

film

of

Harry

Potter

6 and

will

be

shown

on

November

21,

2008.

A.

was

complete B.

has

completed

C.

have

been

completed D.

has

been

completed

6．

Turn

on

the

TV

or

open

a

magazine

and

you advertisements

showing

stylish

and

happy

woman.

A.

will

often

find B.

often

find

C.

are

often

finding D.

have

often

found

7．

When

you

arrive,

I in

reception

for

you.

A.

wait B.

am

waiting C.

am

going

to

wait D.

will

be

waiting

8．

May

I

speak

to

your

manager

at

three

o'clock

tomorrow

afternoon?

I'm

sorry.

He to

Shanghai

by

then.

A.

will

have

flown B.

had

flown

C.

can

have

flown D.

has

flown

9．

Could

you

meet

me

at

the

station?

I’d

like

to,

but

I Shanghai

when

you

return.

A.

will

have

left B.

was

leaving

C.

will

leave D.

have

left

10． You'd

better

not

phone

the

manager

between

7

and

8

tomorrow

evening;

he an

important

meeting

then.

A.

will

have B.

would

have C.

will

be

having D.

will

have

had

11．

If

their

marketing

plans

succeed,

they their

sales

by

20

percent.

A.

will

increase B.

have

been

increasing

C.

have

increased D.

would

be

increasing

12． Have

you

read

a

book

called

Waiting

for

Anya?

Who it?

A.

writes B.

has

written C.

wrote D.

had

written

13． I

like

these

English

songs

and

they many

times

on

the

radio.

A.

taught B.

have

taught C.

are

taught D.

have

been

taught

14． Do

you

think

we

should

accept

that

offer?

Yes,

we

should,

for

we such

bad

luck

up

till

now,

and

time

out.

A.

have

had;

is

running B.

had;

is

running

C.

have;

has

been

run D.

have

had;

has

been

run

I get

15． I

called

Hannah

many

times

yesterday

evening,

but

couldn’t

through.

Her

brother

on

the

phone

all

the

time!

A.

was

talking B.

has

been

talking C.

has

talked D.

talked

练习解析：

1．

C

考查动词语态的应用。根据句子语境“如果给你这个工作”可知须用被动语态；在根

C

据英语习惯，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的意义，于是答案选

。

2．

D

本题考查的是祈使句的用法。句型：

动词

（或名词词组）+

and

+主语+will

+谓语+其他

意思是：您把这个表格填好，我们会看到我们能为您做点什么。

3．

A

考查时态。说话人所要强调的是在明天下午的那个时间正在工作，因此用将来进行时。

B、C

两项表示按照计划或安排将要工作；D

项表示将要工作，不符合语境。

4．

C

根据语境可知应选择

C

项，表示“我们正打算……”。用进行时表示将来。

5．

D

此题考查时态。根据语境可知此出应用现在完成时，尤其是据后面的

and

will

be

shown

on

November

21,

2008可推断出来。

6．

A

考查谓语动词。其实此题考查句型“祈使句+

and+一般陈述句”，后面的陈述句通常用

will+动词原形，表示一种意愿与趋势。

7．

D

考查时态。

when

引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态表将来，主句用将来时态。此

处表“当某个动作正在发生时，某事在发生”这种意义，主句常用进行时。when

是解

题的关键。该句话的意思是“你到的时候，我会在接待处等你”。

8．

A

考查动词的时态。由句中时间状语“by

then”可知，此处表示到将来的某个时间，所

以用将来完成时。

9．

A

考查时态。表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作应用将来完成时，句意为：当你回来

时，我已经离开上海了。

10． C

考查时态。由

between

7

and

8

tomorrow

evening可以知道答案。用将来进行时。

11． A

全句的意思是：如果他们的营销计划能成功的话，他们的销售额就能提高20%。

从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

12． C

此题考查动词时态。根据语境用一般过去时。

13． D

考查时态及语态。根据前一分句的时态以及后一分句中的

many

times可知此处

用现在完成时的被动语态。

14． A

考查时态。Up

till

now（迄今为止）常与现在完成时连用；而时间（time）是“正

在”消耗殆尽（run out），故用现在进行时

get

15．

A

考查动词时态的应用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行或者一直在进行的动作。

根据前面的

many

times

和

couldn’t

through

可知，原因是

Hannah

的兄弟一直在占用

电话。

一般过去时

1．

一般过去时表示过去存在的状态。一般过去时主要用来表示过去某个时间完成或一度存

在的状态，常跟一个表过去的时间状语连用，如：then,

yesterday,

the

other

day等。有时

省去时间状语，但从上下文语境

当中能体会出被省略的部分。

2． 一般过去时表示过去的行为或习惯的动作。一般过去时还可以表示过去一段时间经常反

往

复发生的行为或习惯的动作，

往与表重复

性的时间状语连用。如：used

to,

always,

usually,

often等。

We

often

played

together

when

we

were

children.

We

always

enjoyedeach

other's

company.

3． 在时间、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，要用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

I

didn't

know

when

she

would

come,

butwhen

she

came

I

would

let

you

know.

我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。

第一个

when

引导宾语从句，可使用将来时，第二个

when

引导时间状语从句，只能用

一般过去时代替过去将来时。

I

didn't

know

if

she

would

come,

but

if

she

came

I

would

let

you

know.

我不知道她是否来，但如果她来我会告诉你。

第一个

if

引导宾语从句，可使用将来时，第二个if

引导条件状语从句，只能用一般过去

时代替过去将来时。

4．

两个或两个以上在过去接连发生的一连串动作用and

或

but

连接时，按时间发生的顺序

要用一般过去时。

I

started

work

at

9:00

and

worked

until

lunch

time.

5． 叙述某一动作或状态在过去继续了一段时间后终止，或在过去某段时间发生了若干次，

要用一般过去时。

Mary

worked

in

this

factory

for

5

years.

I

went

to

Beijing

3

times

last

year.

过去进行时

1．

过去进行时

过去进行时主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一时段正在进行的动作。这一特定的

时间（时

刻）除了上下文暗示之外，一般和时间状语连用，常用时间状语如：at

that

time/

at

this

time

yesterday/

at

that

moment或

when/

while

等引导的状语从句等。

2．

与频度副词连用表感情色彩

与

always/

constantly/

continually/

forever

等频度副词连用时具有一定的感情色彩，一般

表示说话人对所描述的时间而发生事情持批评或表扬的态度。表示过去经常发生的行为。

He

was

always

ringing

me

up.

他过去老是给我打电话。

My

grandfather

was

always

forgetting

things.我祖父总是忘这忘那。

He

was

always

blowing

his

own

trump.老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。

3．

表示趋向动作的动词的过去进行时

come/

go/

leave/

get/

reach/

start/

set

out/

arrive

等一些表示趋向动作的动词用于过去进

的

行时，可表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，一般强调按计划、要求、打算进行动

作。

Mr.

Smith

said

he

was

leaving

for

London

soon.

史密斯先生说他计划很快就动身前往伦

敦。

She

said

she

was

coming

to

see

her

grandpa

the

next

month.

她说她打算下个月来看望她

祖父。

4．

was/

were

doing

常与作并列连词的

when

连用，表示“……正在（正要）

……这时突

然……”，相当于

and

at

this

time

或

and

then。

I

was

reading

the

newspaper

when

the

door

bell

rang.我正在看报，突然门铃响了。

5． 在介绍故事时，用过去进行时来描述故事情景或提供故事发生的背景。

It

was

the

winter.

The

north

wind

was

blowing

and

a

heavy

snow

was

falling.

A

poor

little

boy

was

walking

in

the

street.

A

mother

crocodile

was

looking

for

food

near

the

bank.

过去完成时

， 动

过去完成时是以过去时为基点表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去的某一时间或某一作

之前。

1． 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态这个时间状语可以用短语或从句，

”

甚至通过上下文来暗示“过去的过去。常用的时间

状语有

before/

when/

until/

after/

by

the

time

等引导的时间状语从句，或是

by

the

end

of

last

year,

before等。

2．

表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作。常与since,

for,

when,

until

等时间状语连用。

I

had

worked

in

a

car

factory

for

3

years

before

I

came

here.我来这之前在一个汽车厂工作

了三年。

Until

then

he

had

known

nothing

about

it.直到那个时候，他对那件事还一无所知。

3． 在主句的谓语动词是过去时的间接引语当中直接引语变为间接引语时，如果直接引语本

身是一般过去式，变为间接引语时用过去完成时。

She

asked,

"If

we

discussed

the

problem."变间接引语

She

asked

if

we

had

discussed

the

problem.他问我们是

否讨论了这个问题。

She

told

me,

"I

try

my

best

to

finish

the

task."

变间接引语

She

told

me

that

she

had

tried

her

best

to

finish

the

task.

她告诉我她为了完成那项任务已经竭尽全力。

4．

表示过去打算但是没有实现的愿望或意图

/ ， 在

用于此结构的动词有

hope/

expect/

intend/

want/

suppose/

mean(打算)等，用于过去完成

时译作“本来希望

打算/想……”

但是实际上未曾实现，

一定程度上相当于一种虚拟

语气。

He

had

intended

to

make

a

speech

but

no

one

gave

him

such

a

chance.

他本来打算发言的，但是没有人给他这样的机会。

I

had

thought

that

he

died

at

least

twenty

years

ago.

我本来以为

20

年前他就去世了。（实际上还活着）

5．

hardly...

when;

no

sooner...

than表示“一……就……”句型

本句型是倒装句中的典型例

子，当然如果否定副词

hardly/

no

sooner不在句首时就不用

倒装。

Hardly

had

he

arrived

in

Beijing

when

he

rang

me

up.

他一到北京就给我打电话了。

No

sooner

had

we

heard

the

result

of

the

entrance

examination

than

we

burst

into

tears.

我们一听到入学考试的结果就痛哭起来。

6． 在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件句中在虚拟语气中，如果表示与过去的事实情

况相反或表示过去未曾实现的愿望，则if 从句

的谓语动词或

wish

后的宾语从句的谓

语动词用

had

done，即用过去完成时形式。

If

she

had

told

me

the

truth

yesterday,

she

wouldn't

have

been

scolded.如果昨天她把真相告

。

诉了我，她就不会挨批评了（实际上它没有说出真相，结果也就受批评了）

I

wish

she

had

helped

me

with

my

English

last

night,

but

she

was

too

busy.

她昨天晚上要是能帮我学习英语就好了，可是她太忙了。

过去完成进行时

到 前

式是

表示动作从过去某一时间之前开始，

过去某一时间仍然进行或刚刚结束，

提是有一定的

过

去时间状语，同时也强调动作的持续性。在具体理解时可以参照现在完成进行时。构成形

：

had

been

doing

His

best

friend,

Peter,

had

been

living

here

before

he

was

admitted

into

Beijing

University.

他的好朋友

Peter

被北京大学录取之前一直住在这里。

The

telephone

had

been

ringing

for

three

minutes

before

it

was

answered.

电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。（表示在接电话前的三分钟里，电话铃一直是响着的）

过去将来时

“ ，

1． 表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，用would/ should+动词原形”

should

仅用于第一人称。

具体运用时，多用于宾语从句或间接引语当中，表示从过去的观点来看

将来发生的行为

或存在的状态。

He

told

me

that

he

would

pay

me

a

visit

if

possible.

他说要是可能的话他会拜访我的。

They

wanted

to

know

when

I

should/

would

finish

the

article.

他们想知道我什么时候能完成这篇文章。

2．

下列方式也表示过去将来：

①

was/

were

going

to

do

sth.表示过去曾经打算或计划将要做某事。

②

was/

were

about

to

do

sth.,

was

(were)

on

the

point

for

doing

sth.

表示过去计划或安排

将要做某事，强调“正要”，可以与

when

引导的并列分句连用，意思是“正要……突

然……”。

③

was/

were

doing

sth.实际上是用过去进行时表示过去将来时，谓语动词多是像 go/

leave/

come/

start/

begin等表示趋向动作的词。

练习三

1．

The

moment

I

got

home,

I

found

I my

jacket

on

the

playground.

A.

had

left B.

left C.

have

left D.

was

leaving

2．

They two

tickets

to

Canada,

otherwise

they'd

never

have

been

able

to

afford

to

go.

A.

had

got B.

got C.

have

got D.

get

3．

Did

you

tidy

your

room?

No,

I

was

going

to

tidy

my

room

but

I visitors.

A.

had B.

have C.

have

had D.

will

have

4．

I there

little

more

than

a

week

when

I

set

to

work

with

the

scientist.

A.

would

be B.

have

been C.

had

been D.

will

be

5．

They

became

friends

again

that

day.

Until

then,

they to

each

other

for

nearly

two

years.

A.

didn't

speak B.

hadn't

spoken C.

haven't

spoken D.

haven't

been

speaking

6．

I

didn't

do

well

in

the

exam

yesterday.

Of

course

I for

it.

Oh,

you

poor

thing!

But

I

think

you

should

learn

a

lesson.

A.

hadn't

studied B.

haven't

studied C.

wasn't

studying D.

wouldn't

study

7．

Where

is

your

new

home

now?

In

the

new

developed

zone.

But

I downtown

for

five

years.

A.

have

lived B.

had

lived C.

lived D.

was

living

8．

She to

meet

some

new

friends,

but

she

met

nobody

interesting.

A.

would

hope B.

had

hoped C.

has

hoped D.

was

hoping

9．

Have

you

found

your

book

yet?

No,

I'm

not

sure

where

I it.

A.

leave B.

had

left C.

could

have

left D.

was

to

leave

10． Worl