高中英语Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero单元素养培优含解析新人教版必修

PAGEPAGE1单元素养培优(五)Unit5Ⅰ.语段填词1.Hegotalittleeducationbecauseofpoverty,sohealwayseducateshischildrentovaluethechanceofstudy.(educate)2.Kenyaisknowntobeapeacefulcountry.It’sbeenamodelofpeaceinAfrica.(peace)3.Hedevotedhislifetohiswork,andhisdevotiontohisjobwasadmiredbyeveryone,includingsomeofhisdevotedfriends.(devote)4.Allmenarebornequal,soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.(equal)5.Hecriticizedthegovernmentviolentlyforhavingdonelittletostoptheviolenceinthecountry.(violent)6.Theresultwilldisappointyoutowardthosehopefulthingswhilethehopelessonewillproducesurprisingsuccessbycourageoustry.(hope)Ⅱ.根据汉语提示用短语填空1.Becausehehasbeenoutofwork(失业)formonths,theyoungmannowdependsonhisparentsforaliving.

2.Withnoonetoturnto(求助)insuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.

3.Itseemedasifnothinghadbeenachieved,buthewillneverloseheart(丧失信心).

4.Mostpeoplethinkthatthingshavechangedforthebettersincethenewgovernmentcametopower(上台).

5.Hesetup(创立)hisownbusinessafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.

6.Iknewwewereintrouble(有麻烦)whentheelevatorstopped.

7.Inmyopinion/view/AsfarasI’mconcerned(在我看来),itisabouttimewehadnewcomputers.

8.Asamatteroffact/Infact(事实上),thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue.

Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2021·长春高一检测)DuringhislifeDrJamesNaismithworkedasadoctor,taughtP.E.andwroteseveralbooks.Whileheneverthoughtitveryimportant,DrNaismithistodaybestknownforonething.Hewastheinventorofbasketball.DrJamesNaismithwasborninCanadain1861andhisfirstjobwasataspecialsportsschoolintheUSA.OnedaytheschoolprincipaltoldJameshewashavingaproblemwiththestudents.Becauseofheavysnow,thestudentscouldnotgooutside.HetoldJamesthattheyneededasportthatboyscouldplayindoorsandgavetheteachertwoweekstothinkofsomething.ItwasontheverylastdaythatJamescameupwithhisidea.The“birthofbasketball”issaidtobeonDecember21,1891,whentwoteamsfromtheschoolplayedthefirstgame.Itwasquitedifferentfromthebasketballgamesoftoday.Ithad9playersoneachteamandfootballswereusedinsteadofbasketballs.Soonafter,thegamechangedto5playersoneachside,usingspecial“basketballs”throughnets.AlthoughDrNaismithdidnotlivetoseebasketballbecometheworldwidegameitistoday,in1936,justthreeyearsbeforehisdeath,basketballbecameanOlympicsportattheGamesinBerlin.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了DrJamesNaismith发明篮球的过程,并且篮球最终成为世界性运动并被纳入奥林匹克比赛项目。1.WhichofthefollowingthingsdidDrJamesNaismithNOTdo?A.TeachP.Einschool.B.Writesomebooks.C.Workatahospital.D.TakepartintheOlympicGames.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“DuringhislifeDrJamesNaismithworkedasadoctor,taughtP.E.andwroteseveralbooks.”可知,DrJamesNaismith在医院工作过,在学校教过体育,写过书,但没有提及参加奥运会。故选D。2.InwhichseasondidDrNaismithinventbasketball?A.Summer. B.Winter.C.Spring. D.Autumn.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段“Becauseofheavysnow,thestudentscouldnotgooutside.HetoldJamesthattheyneededasportthatboyscouldplayindoorsandgavetheteachertwoweekstothinkofsomething.”可知,当时下大雪,因此推断是冬天。故选B。3.WhyisDecember21thoughttobethebirthdayofbasketball?A.ItwasonthisdaythatDrNaismithcameupwithhisideaforbasketball.B.ItwasthedayonwhichDrNaismithwasborn.C.ItwasthedayonwhichDrNaismithwasaskedbyhisbosstoinventanewgame.D.Itwasonthisdaythatthefirstgameofbasketballwasplayed.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段“The‘birthofbasketball’issaidtobeonDecember21,1891,whentwoteamsfromtheschoolplayedthefirstgame.”可知,12月21日被称为篮球的诞生日是因为那天举行了第一场篮球赛。故选D。4.AtthetimeofDrNaismith’sdeath,whichofthefollowingwastrue?A.Basketballwasalreadyaworldwidegame.B.Basketballwasplayedwith9playersoneachside.C.BasketballwasanOlympicsport.D.Basketballwasstillplayedusingfootballs.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“AlthoughDrNaismithdidnotlivetoseebasketballbecometheworldwidegameitistoday,in1936,justthreeyearsbeforehisdeath,basketballbecameanOlympicsportattheGamesinBerlin.”可知,在他去世之前,篮球已经成为奥运会比赛项目。故选C。BMydaughterwasinGrade10inhighschool.Herlifehadbeenfollowedbyherdyslexia(阅读障碍).Shebattledwithherschoolworkandherteachersinhighschool.Hermathteacher,seeminglytheonlyteacherwhounderstoodandempathizedwithherdyslexia,unexpectedlyofferedtoreadherthequestionsinamathexam.Asaresult,shegotapreviouslyunheard-ofBformath.Theactofonethoughtfulteacherhad,perhapsforthefirsttimeinmydaughter’spubliclife,madeherheartopentoenjoylifetothefull,andshecouldnowstarttobelieveinherselfandherabilities.Icouldofcoursewanttocontactandthankthemathteacher.IphonedtheschoolandwhenIaskedtospeaktothemathteacher,Ireceivedaveryguarded“why”fromthereceptionistwhohadlongbeenthegatekeeper,fendingoff(抵挡)angryparentsforteachers.ThesurpriseinhervoicewasobviouswhenIreplied“Iwanttothankhim”.“Oh...ofcourse,justamoment,”sheresponded.Theteachercameonthelinewiththesamesenseofcaution,knowingonlythataparentwasontheline.Isaid,“Ijustwanttothankyouforreadingthequestionstomydaughterforhermathexam.NotonlydidshegetaBbutyouhavenoideathepositiveimpactyouractionhashadonmydaughter’sself-beliefandhopesforherfuture.”Mydaughter’sstruggleswithdyslexiacontinuetothisday.However,sheisnowanexperiencedfully-qualifiedworkerwhobelievesinherselfandhashelpedmanypeopleinFamilyandYouthCareOrganization.Doingsomethingpositivetohelpapersonwillmakeyoufeelgood.Offargreaterimportance,however,itmightchangethelifeofthepersonyouhelpedand,throughhis/herrenewal,impactpositivelyonthelivesofhundredsofotherpeople.【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者的女儿有阅读障碍,数学老师的一次善意举动使她考出了好成绩,并且获得了自信。现在,她开始传递爱心,在工作岗位上帮助更多的人。5.Whatcanweinferaboutthemathteacher?A.Heisbraveandintelligent.B.Heispatientandsympathetic.C.Heisfriendlyandrespectable.D.Heisgenerousandkind-hearted.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hermathteacher,seeminglytheonlyteacherwhounderstoodandempathizedwithherdyslexia”可知,在学校只有数学老师理解并同情作者女儿的阅读障碍。根据数学老师在一次考试中帮她读试卷上的问题这件事可以推知,数学老师是一位有耐心和同情心的人。6.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.Theauthor’sdaughterwasonlyinterestedinmath.B.Theauthor’sdaughterusedtolackself-confidence.C.Theauthor’sdaughterperformedwellineveryexam.D.Theauthor’sdaughterdidn’tgetherteachersintotrouble.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知,在数学老师的帮助下,作者的女儿考出了好成绩,而且开始自信了。由此推知,作者的女儿以前缺乏自信心。7.Whywasthereceptionistcautiouswhentheauthortelephoned?A.Theauthorwasacompletestranger.B.Theteacherswerebusyworkingthen.C.Someparentswereunfriendlytoteachers.D.Shehadbeendisturbedbytheauthor.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“fendingoffangryparentsforteachers”可知,有些家长对老师不友好。因此,接待员并不是因为作者是陌生人而谨慎,而是为了帮老师挡住不友好的家长。8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThepowerofonegestureB.AthoughtfulteacherC.Agirl’sprogressD.Mydaughter’sstrugglewithdyslexia【解析】选A。标题归纳题。综合全文,本文主要讲述数学老师对作者女儿小小的帮助和关爱,使患有阅读障碍的女儿考出了好成绩,而且获得了自信,并将这份爱心传递下去。所以,一次善意的举动会对人产生很大的影响。Ⅳ.语法填空Languageissometimeswrittenasacodesothatpeoplecancommunicatesecrets.During1.__________SecondWorldWar,theGermanNavy(海军)usedacodetosendmessages.TheBritish2.__________(break)thecodeandlearnedaboutmanyGermanplans.TheJapanesealsousedacodetotalkto3.__________(them)shipsatsea.ItwascalledthePurpleCode.AlthoughtheAmericanssoonbrokethiscode,theJapanesedidn’tknow4.__________hadbeenbroken.In1942,theAmericansbegantousetheirowncodetosend5.__________(secret).AfewNavajo(纳瓦霍人)Indiansmadethiscode,which6.__________(base)ontheirlanguage,whichonlysomeAmericanIndiansspoke.ThecodedescribedafewthingstheAmericanarmydid.Onlytheycouldunderstandthiscode,sotheywentwiththearmyfromislandtoislandasitfoughtagainsttheJapanese.TheseNavajosoldierspromised7.__________(keep)thiscodeasecret,eventhoughthiscouldcausetheir8.__________(die).TheJapaneseneverbrokethecodebecausetheyknewnothing9.__________theNavajolanguage.Andthecode,10.__________connectedtwolanguages,helpedwinthewarinthePacific.

【文章大意】本文为记叙文,文章主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的密码。1.【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战,所以用the。2.【解析】broke。考查时态。根据前文DuringtheSecondWorldWar,可知是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时,用broke。3.【解析】their。考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流,修饰ships,用their。4.【解析】it。考查代词。根据前文AlthoughtheAmericanssoonbrokethiscode,可知尽管美国人破解了密码,但日本人不知道密码被破解了,所以代替code,用it。5.【解析】secrets。考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用他们自己的密码传递秘密,秘密不可能是一个,所以用secrets。6.【解析】wasbased。考查被动语态。根据语境可知此处为which引导的定语从句,which代替纳瓦霍人制造的密码,再分析从句的成分,可知从句缺谓语,以……为基础用wasbased。7.【解析】tokeep。考查不定式。根据语境可知此处考查promise的用法,即promisetodosth.承诺做某事,所以用tokeep。8.【解析】deaths。考查名词复数。此处表示即使导致死亡也会保守秘密,不可能只有一个士兵死亡,所以用deaths。9.【解析】about。考查介词。根据语境可知,他们对纳瓦霍人的密码一无所知,对……一无所知用knownothingabout...,所以填about。10.【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处是跟在code后的定语从句。句意:连接两种语言的密码,帮助赢得了太平洋战争。从句缺主语,又因为是非限制性定语从句,因此用which。Ⅴ.微写作以“MadameCurie”为题写一篇80词左右的居里夫人的生平介绍,应包括以下要点:1.出生在1867年,波兰(Poland);2.1891年去巴黎大学学习,学习刻苦;3.她和她的丈夫发现了钋和镭(poloniumandradium),于1903年获得诺贝尔物理学奖;4.1906年居里去世,她继续研究,1911年获得诺贝尔化学奖。核心要点提示:①shemanagedtogotostudy;②receivedaNobelPrizeforPhysics;③wentonwithherresearch;④obtainedasecondNobelPrizeforChemistry._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】MadameCurieMadameCurieisaPolish-bornFrenchprofessorofphysics.ShewasborninPolandin1867.In1891,shemanagedtogotostudyinParisUniversity.WhenshewasstudyinginParis,sheworkedveryhard.Afterlongandhardwork,sheandherhusbanddiscoveredpoloniumandradium.In1904,shetogetherwithherhusbandreceivedaNobelPrizeforPhysics.AfterMrCuriepassedawayin1906,shewentonwithherresearch.Sheachieved