2023年中考英语第二轮语法专项复习：主谓一致和there be句型

人教版英语中考第一轮复习日期：Allthingscometothosewhowait.学校_______班级_______姓名__________专题主谓一致与therebe句型【复习目标】1.掌握主谓一致的原则。2.掌握therebe句型。【考点讲解】考点一主谓一致主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在语法形式上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致谓语动词与主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。(1)谓语动词用单数的情况：主语例句不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词Theflowerissobeautiful.这朵花很漂亮。Itseemsdark.天似乎要黑了。either,neither,each,one等＋of＋复数名词，以及由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词Eachofushasanewbook.我们每个人都有一本新书。Isthereanythingwrongwithyourcomputer?你的电脑有什么问题吗？不定式、动名词或从句Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes.在阳光下看书对眼睛有害。Whatyousaidiswrong.你所说的是错的。thenumberof＋名词复数“……的数量”，中心词是numberThenumberofstudentsinourclassis50.我们班的学生人数是50。(2)谓语动词用复数的情况：主语例句复数名词或代词Theflowersaresobeautiful.这些花很漂亮。anumberof＋名词复数“许多……”Anumberoftreesareplantedeveryyear.每年有许多树木被种植。both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式BothPeterandMikecomefromEngland.彼得和迈克都来自英国。其他情况：(3)主语后面跟with/alongwith/aswellas/ratherthan/besides/but/except等词时，谓语动词与最前面的主语保持一致。如：EveryoneexceptTomandJackhascomehere.除了汤姆和杰克之外，每个人都来这儿了。(4)“some/most/alotof/lotsof/plentyof＋名词”或“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词常和其后的名词保持数的一致。如果名词是复数，则谓语动词用复数；如果是不可数名词或名词单数，谓语动词用单数。如：AquarteroftheworkersarefromGuangdong.有四分之一的工人来自广东。(5)由and连接的两个词指不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数形式；若两个词指同一个人或物(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词),谓语动词用单数形式。如：TomandMikearegoodfriends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Thewriteranddoctorhascome.这位作家兼医生已经来了。(6)由kind，piece,pair，glass等+of+名词构成短语时，谓语动词形式要根据这些词的单复数来确定。如：Apairofglassesislyingonthetable.桌子上有一副太阳镜。【中考练兵】()1.(2012广东)—BothLiLeiandHanMeimei______fondoftheTVprogramABiteofChina.—Iamalsodeeplymovedbyitsstories.A．is B．amC．was D．are()2.(2010广东)Robertwithhistwokids______tothebeachforvacationeveryyear.A．go B．goesC．went D．aregoing()3.—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?—Either______OK,butIprefercoffeewithmilk.A．is B．areC．was D．were()4.Running______agoodwaytoexerciseeveryday.A．is B．wasC．are D．were()5.—What______thenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?—Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthem______fromthecountryside.A．are;is B．is;isC．is;are D．are;are2.意义一致意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、长度等复数名词作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Threemonthshaspassedsinceyouleft.你已经离开三个月了。Tenyearsisalongtime.十年是一段很长的时间。(2)trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但若这些词被apair/twopairs修饰，谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。如：Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜坏了。Fivepairsofshoeshavebeensoldinthemorning.早晨卖出了五双鞋。(3)“the＋形容词”，常表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。如：Theyoungareworkinghardtogetabetterlifethesedays.如今年轻人正为了更好的生活而努力工作。(4)“the＋姓氏名词复数”，表示“……一家或……夫妇”，谓语动词用复数。如：TheWhitesaregoingtoEuropefortheirholidaynextweek.怀特夫妇下周要去欧洲度假。(5)有些集合名词如people，police等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news，works(工厂)，或以s结尾的学科名称，maths,physics，politics等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Ihopethereisgoodnewstonight.我希望今晚有好消息。(6)family/class/team/group/crowd等名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调整体中的每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。如：Hisfamilyisn'tlarge.他的家庭不大。Afterdinner，hisfamilyusuallytakeawalkalongthelake.晚饭之后，他的家人通常会沿着湖边散步。【中考练兵】()6.(2014广东)—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?—Yes.Anothertendays__________enough.A．is B．wasC．are D．were()7.Look!Thepolice______carryingthefoodontothebankoftheriver.A．am B．isC．are D．were()8.Fortymiles______alongwaytowalkinaday.A．is B．wereC．be D．are()9.(2017中考预测)Theyoung________towatchthenewmoviePersonalTailor(《私人订制》)verymuch.A．likeB．likesC．planD.plans()10．Thispairofpants______mine.Yoursmay____onthebed.(2014，绥化)A．is；beB．are；beC．are；are3.就近一致就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。遵循此原则的常见结构有：therebe,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...,either...or...等。如：①Neitheryounorheknowshowtousethecomputer.你和他都不知道怎么用这台电脑。②NotonlyIbutalsoTonyisfondofwatchingTV.不仅我，而且托尼也喜欢看电视。【中考练兵】()11.(2013广东)NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI______interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar.A．be B．amC．is D．are()12.—Whatwouldyouliketohaveforsupper,Jack?—Eithernoodlesorrice______OK.Idon'tmind.A．are B．wereC．is D．was()13.There______anumberofbooksinthelibraryandthenumberofthem______increasing.A．has;is B．have;areC．are;is D．is;are考点二Therebe句型（5年3考）1.含义Therebe句型表示“某处有某人或某物”。There无词义，be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语，be动词的形式与邻近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。如：Thereissomemilkandvegetablesinthefridge.冰箱里有一些牛奶和蔬菜。2.基本结构(1)肯定句：Therebe(is/are/was/were)＋sb./sth.＋地点。如：Therearetwoapplesandanorangeinthebasket.篮子里有两个苹果和一个橘子。(2)否定句：Therebe＋no/notany＋sb./sth.＋地点。如：Therearen'tanybooksonthedesk.桌上没有书。注意：not和no的区别：not作副词，no作形容词，因此“nota(n)/any＋名词”相当于“no＋名词”。如：Therearen'tanypicturesonthewall.＝Therearenopicturesonthewall.墙上没有画。(3)一般疑问句及回答：Be＋there＋sb./sth.＋地点？如：—Isthereanymilkinthecup?杯子里有牛奶吗？—Yes,thereis.是的，有牛奶。◆Therebesb.doingsth.＋地点/时间。某地/某时有某人正在做某事。3.Therebe句型的时态Therebe句型时态的变化体现在be动词上，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。具体见下表：一般现在时Thereis/are...一般过去时Therewas/were...一般将来时Therewillbe.../Thereis/aregoingtobe...现在完成时Therehave/hasbeen...含情态动词Therecan/may/shouldbe...4.辨析Therebe句型和have◆Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人，不强调此物归某人所有；have表示某人拥有某物或某人，强调所属关系。如：Thereisabottleofcolaonthedesk.桌上有一瓶可乐。◆当have表示包括、存在的含义时，可以与Therebe句型互换。如：Aweekhassevendays.＝Therearesevendaysinaweek.一个星期有七天。【中考练兵】14.（2017河北83题）five,inourgroup,there,students,are________________________________________________.15．a，there，here，near，is，bookstore_____________________________________________?()16.(2019凉山州中考)—What'sinthepictureonthewall?—There________ateacherandsomestudentsplayingsoccerontheplayground.A．hasB．areC．isD．have()17.(2019临沂中考改编)—I'mgettinghungry.Doyouknowwherewecangetsomegoodfood?—Ofcourse!There________arestaurantaroundthecorner.A．willbeB．wasC．isD．are()18.(2019兰州中考)Inthenearfuture，there________selfdrivingcarsinourcity.isB．wasC．areD．willbe【综合演练】一、单项选择()1.(2019新疆维吾尔自治区中考)NotonlyJackbutalsoI________crazyaboutthefootballmatch.A．amB．isC．areD．be()2.(2019福建中考改编)There________alargebowlofjiaozionthetable.A．isB．areC．beD．were()3.(2019成都中考改编)SmartphonesmadebyHuawei________gettingmoreandmorepopulararoundtheworld.A．isB．haveC．areD．has()4.(2019安徽中考改编)Onsunnydays，mygrandmaoften________anovelbythewindow.A．readB．readsC．toreadD．reading()5.(2019天水中考改编)Twofifthsofthestudentsinourclass________goingtothesummercampinBeijingnextweek.A．isB．amC．beD．are()6.BothMikeandI________readyforthenewhighschoollife.A．beB．amC．isD．are()7.Shewithhermotheroften________hillsonSundays.A．climbsB．climbC．climbedD．toclimb()8.TheTVnewsreportsthatthere________astormthedayaftertomorrow.A．isB．wasC．willbeD．hasbeen()9.Doingeyeexercises________goodforyoureyes.A．isB．areC．wasD．were()10．There____somemilkandtwoeggsonthetable.(2014，永州)A．isB．areC．has()11．EveryoneexceptTomandJohn____therewhenthemeetingbegan.(2013，威海)A．areB．isC．wereD．was()12．—Maths______myfavouritesubject，whataboutyou？—Physics____．Ithinkit'sveryinteresting.A．is；isB．are；areC．are；is()13．Inourschoollibrarythere______anumberofbooksonscience，andintheseyearsthenumberofthem____growinglargerandlarger.A．are；isB．is；areC．have；areD．has；is()14．Noone____swimminginsuchbadweather.A．likeB．likesC．likingD．liked()15．—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight?—I'dloveto，but____ofustwohastickets.Doyouhavesome?bothB．allC．neitherD．none()16.There____somegoodadviceabouthowtoreduceairpollutionontheInternet.A.is B.are C.be D.have()17.(2015呼和浩特中考)Neithertheheadmasternortheteachers________takeavacationnextweek.A．weregoingtoB．isgoingtoC．aregoingto()18.(2015南充中考)Thenumberofthevolunteers________