2023年中考英语第二轮语法专项复习：动词和动词短语

人教版英语中考第一轮复习日期:专题动词和动词短语复习目标：动词分类动词辨析（感官动词辨析和实义动词辨析）动词短语考点讲解命题点1：动词分类(必考:每年2~5道;单选、完形,词语运用)概念:动词是表示人或事物动作或状态的词。1.实义动词(必考)及物动词和不及物动词。(辨析类试题为主)2.系动词:be,感官动间(taste,smell,feel,sound,look)(2016.34,2014.35)等3.助动词:do,does,did,have,has等4.情态动词:can,may,must,need等(详见下一专题)巩固练习词汇运用1.Don'tbeafraidof___（fail)，becauseitmakesusgrow.2.TheJiaoziRoadisclosedtodaybecauseworkersare___（make)somerepairs.3.ImustreturnthecameratoLiLei.Ihave____(keep)itfortwoweeks.4.Canyou____（see）thenewbuild?Itwasbuillastyear.二．命题点2：动词辨析（感官动词辨析和实义动词辨析）考向一：感官动词辨析河北中考近6年考查了2次感官动词辨析，均在单项选择中考查smell的用法。初中常见的感官动词还有sound(s),feel(s)，taste(s)，look(s)。解答此类试题的关键是剖析题干中的搭配词及语境.词汇含义常用搭配smell(2016.34,2014.35）闻起来（嗅觉）smellnice/sweetfeel摸起来（触觉）feelsoft/smooth/comfortablesound听起来（听觉）soundwonderful/greatlook看起来（视觉）lookpretty/beautiful/tired/energetictaste尝起来（味觉）tastedelicious/nice/salty/sweet巩固练习单项选择1.(2016河北34题）Theair___freshaftertherain.Andtheskyisblue.A.feelsB.tastesC.smellsD.sounds2.（2014河北35题)Momismakingdinner.It___sonice!A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds3.Thecake____delicious.I’dliketohaveanotherone.A.tastesB.looksC.soundsD.feels4.TFBOYS'ssongs____sweetandmanyofuslikelisleningtothem.A.soundB.feelC.tasteD.look5.Thisdressismadeofsilk.It____comfortable.A.looksB.smellsC.feelsD.sounds考向二：实义动词辨析1.实义动词辨析(6年15考）解答实义动词词义辨析类试题时，首先要分析各个选项的词义，然后分析语境，找出关键词,或者根据前后文语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。例Youhavechemistryforthecomingexam.Takeiteasy.A.repeatedB.copiedC.markedeviewed【方法点拨】第①步：确定四个选项的含义：重复；复制，抄袭;标志；复习；第②步：根据句中的Takeiteasy.并结合语境可知此处指已经复习了化学。故选D。2.词义相对类辨析(6年4考）词义相对类辨,选项的设置有两种；①一组词义相对类单词加两个干扰项；②两组词义相对类单词。针对此类题目，要求考生熟知动词的基本词义，并知晓各词的用法。根据语境找出关键信息是解答此类试题的关键。例Yourmother'sbirthdayiscoming.Don't____tobringagiftforher.A.beginB.rememberC.endD.forget【方法点拨】第①步：确定四个选项的含义：开始；记得；结束；忘记；第②步：根据题干中的iscoming并结合语境可知此处指不要忘记带礼物。故选D。以下为几组常见的词义相对类动词：buy买sell卖(2014.49)forget忘记remember记住(2017.45)save节约waste浪费(2016.44)have拥有lose失去（2017.37）win赢fail输like喜欢hate/dislike讨厌ask询问reply回复/answer回答begin/start开始end结束borrow借入lend借出bring带来take带走come来go去continue继续stop停止doubt怀疑believe相信find找到lose丢失巩固练习单项选择6.1amafraidwecannot____totakeataxi.Let'sgobyundergroundinstead.A.refuseB.affordC.forgetD.fall7.TonyandIwantto____thenewItalianrestauranttonight.Comewithus!A.tryB.tasteC.chooseD.search8.Hecan____somebodyelsewhathe'slearnt.Itshowshe'sunderstooditwell.A.PostB.lendC.teachD.miss9.Hawkinghadastrongwill.Hisseriousillnessnever____himfromlivingameaningfullife.A.askedB.protectedC.savedD.stopped10.Shewas_____ane-mailfromherfriendthewholemorning,butitdidn'tcome.A.explainingB.expressingC.experiencingD.expecting三命题点3动词短语（必考：每年1~2道；单选、完形,词语运用）分析河北近6年中考真题可知，对于动词短语的考查主要涉及3种形式：①同一动词型（3次）；②同一介词/副词型（3次）；③混合型（5次）。同一动词型和同一介词或副词型均在单项选择中考查；而混合型主要在完形填空中考查。在词语运用题型中近6年分别以盲填和首字母的形式共考查了4次动词短语的固定搭配：showsb.around(2019.73),thinkof(2019.80),standup(2018.73)，fallasleep（2015.78)。此类试题旨在通过微型语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语不同搭配的识别、记忆及辨析动词短语含义并能恰当运用动词短语的能力。所以考生应对此类常见的动词短语牢记于心。例Wouldyouplease_____thelight?Ican'tsleepwellwithiton.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turntoD.turnaround【方法点拨】第①步：分析四个选项可知，此题考查“同一动词+不同介词”的辨析。选项的含义分别是：打开；关闭；转向；转身；第②步：分析语境“请把灯好吗？开着它我睡不好觉。”根据句中的关键信息“Ican'tsleepwellwithiton.”可知，此句要表达“关灯才能睡着”。故选B。考向一：同一动词型（2019.44.2017.29)（1)look短语(2019、44;2017、29)lookat看lookfor寻找(2017、29)lookout当心lookaround环顾四周lookthrough浏览lookforwardto期待lookupto钦佩;仰慕lookover仔细检查lookafter照顾（2019.44)looklike看起来像lookup查阅(字典);抬头看（2）get短语（2014、36）getoff下车（2014、36）getup起床getto到达getin进入;到达;收获getaway逃离getback回来getover克服getlost迷路geton/alongwith与……相处getreadyfor为……做好准备（3）put短语（2015、48）putaway把……收好puton穿上；上演;增加（体重）putoff推迟putout熄灭putdown写下；放下putup搭建;张贴;举起（4)take短语(2011、35）takeoff起飞;脱掉takeafter长得像takeup占据；从事takein吸收;吸入takeplace发生takeoutof取出takecareof照顾takepartin参加takeawayfrom从……拿走（5）turn短语（2010、35）turnon打开turnoff关掉turnup调高(音量)turnaround转身turndown调低(音量);拒绝巩固练习单项选择1.(2017河北29题)Grandfutherliveswithus.Weall___him.A.lookatB.lookforC.lookafterD.looklike2.(2014河北36题)Steven,weshould___busatthenextstop.A.getupB.getoffC.gettoD.getin3.Sir,it'sanon-smokingarea.Couldyouplease____yourcigaretterightnow?[A.putoutB.putawayC.putdownD.putback考向二：同一介词/副词型(2017/2016/2015/2012考)（1)for短语（2017、41；2015、35）waitfor等待askfor请求（2017、41)carefor照顾；喜欢lookfor寻找payfor支付(2015、35）preparefor为·····做准备thanksfor感谢leavefor动身到·······standfor代表（2）out短语（2016、39)lookout小心comeout出来；出版setout出发；开始cutout剪下;删去goout出去leaveout忽略;轻视handout发放；分发findout查明;弄清（2016、39)runout用完；用尽pointout指出hangout闲逛sellout卖完;售完takeout拿出;取出bringout使显现workout成功地发展;解决up短语callup打电话addup加起来bringup养育cheerup使振奋cleanup打扫clearup整理;转晴dressup打扮getup起床cutup切碎eatup吃光endup结束;告终fixup安装;修理giveup放弃growup成长hangup挂起来lookup查阅;查找makeup组成;编造mixup混合pickup拾起;接(某人)putup张贴；搭建setup创建;创办showup出现;露面standup起立stayup熬夜turup偶然出现;调高(音量)takeup占据;从事（4）down短语（2012、39)cutdown砍倒;削减knockdown撞倒letdown使……失望turndown拒绝;调小writedown写下liedown躺下putdown放下;写下takedown拆除；记下（5）about短语careabout关心;在乎hearabout听说knowabout了解thinkabout考虑worryabout担心talkabout谈论巩固练习单项选择1.(2015河北35题)Thisfoodisfree.Youdon'thaveto____it.A.lookforB.payforC.askforD.waitfor2.(2016河北39题)Weneedtodosomeresearchto___theanswer.A.findoutB.lookoutC.handoutD.takeout3.Thelittleboy___onthestreetbuthedidn’tcry.A.calmeddownB.putdownC.felldownD.lookeddown考向三：混合型（2019、31；2018、32；2016、42；2015、48;2014、52；2013、41/53;201053）巩固练习单项选择1.(2019河北31题)OnthefirstdayofChineseNewyear,we___newclothesandvisitpeople.A.pickupB.putonC.takeoffD.throwaway2.(2018河北32题)Canyouhelpme___thepen?It'sunderyourchair.A.askforB.lookforC.pickupD.putup3.CanI__thispairofshoes?Theylookbeautiful.A.tryonB.talkwithC.putonD.playwith托展提升单项选择1.（2020原创)Mycar___onmywayhome.Luckily,apasser-byhelpedme.A.hungupB.brokedownC.gaveupD.putout2.(2020原创)lfallofus____theplan,let'sstartitnow.A.agreewithB.connectwithC.dealwithD.partwith3.（2020原创）Tooursurprise,thegovernmentofficebuildingwillbe___alibrary.A.turnedoffB.turnedonC.turnedoutD.turnedinto4.（2020原创）______themanoverthere.Heisourmathteacher.A.LookatB.LaughatC.PointatD.Arriveat中考练兵单项选择1.（2018承德一模)TheReaderisagoodmagazine.Lacyoften___itinherfreetime.A、looksB.seesC.readsD.watches2.(2018石家庄桥西区一模)CouldI____yourruler,LiMing?Ileftmineathome.A.lendB.sellC.buyD.borrow3.(2018石家庄42中一模)Checkingyouranswersbeforehandinginyourpapercanhelpyou____mistakes.A.makeB.forgetC.avoidD.remember4.(2018保定一模)Thiskindofcarwas___in