2023研究生入学考试英语模拟题

2023研究生入学考试英语模拟题

姓名：

班级：(例如：中医学2018级1班)

学号：

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)

foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.

(lOpoints)

The“Satanicpanic“thatoncesweptthroughAmericaheldthat

thousandsofpeopleweresecretmembersofaworshippingcults

whichwereabusingandmurderingchildren.Allegedvictimsmade

detailed_1,oftenaftertherapydesignedto_"2v_memories

thathadsupposedlybeenburiedafterthemental_3.Many

peoplewenttoprison.Noneofitwastrue.

0ne_4ofthepanicwastocementtheideathateyewitness

testimonyis_5.ButJohnWixted,apsychologistatthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,_6outthatthisdistrust

i

hasgonetoofar.Eyewitnessmemories,hesaid,can_7bevery

reliable一_8_theyaretestedintherightcircumstances.

The_9toreliability,saidDr.Wixted,isthe_10ofwitnesses

intheirassessments._Experiments_suggestthatwhenwitnesses

toasimulatedcrimeareconfidentofhaving_11thesuspect

inalaterphotoline-up,theyarealmostalways_12._13_,if

theyaresurethesuspectisnotpresent,thatis_1ikelyto

berighttoo.Onlywhenawitnessisunsuredoesariskof

misidentification_14.

Theproblemisthatthisconfidenceistrustworthyonlythe_15

timethequestionisasked.Theactoftestingmemories

_16_everyothertestthatcomesafter.Forinstance,Dr.Wixted

citedthecaseofCharlesFlores,aprisonerawaitingexecution.

Initially,whenshownphotosincludedMr.Flores,awitness

said_17ofthepeoplematchedher_18._Bythetimethecase

cametotrialayearlater,shehadchangedhermindand

identifiedMr.Flores,andMr.Floreswas_19._20,Dr.Wixted

suggestsshewaslikelytohavebeenrightthefirsttimeand

wrongthesecond.

1.

2

[A]promises

[B]organizations

[C]allegations

[D]predictions

2

[A]reclaim

[B]recover

[C]admire

[D]embrace

3._

[A]health

[B]damage

[C]recovery

[D]creation

4._

[A]destination

[B]evidence

[C]criticism

[D]effect

5._

[A]unreliable

[B]authentic

3

[C]unrealistic

[D]prominent

6.__

[A]worked

[B]figured

[C]pointed

[D]carried

7._

[A]ofcourse

[B]withoutdoubt

[C]inforce

[D]infact

8._

[A]if

[B]once

[C]as

[D]after

9._

[A]answer

[B]way

[C]hope

[D]key

4

10.

[A]conclusion

[B]contradiction

[C]confidence

[D]controversy

11.

[A]interpreted

[B]identified

[C]evaded

[D]located

12._

[A]significant

[B]aggressive

[C]correct

[D]irrational

13._

[A]Presumably

[B]Generally

[C]Officially

[D]Similarly

14.

[A]disappear

5

[B]arise

[C]enlarge

[D]decline

15.

[A]next

[B]last

[C]first

[D]second

16.

[A]undermine

[B]enhance

[C]anticipate

[D]underline

17.

[A]All

[B]one

[C]none

[D]alot

18.

[A]requirement

[B]target

[C]intelligence

6

[D]recollection

19.

[A]released

[B]convicted

[C]arrested

[D]rejected

20.

[A]Although

[B]Furthermore

[C]However

[D]Besides

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswerson

theANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Mostofthetimescienceisaslowandtediousbusiness.

Researcherstoilawayfordecadesatobscurelimitsofhuman

7

knowledge,collectingandanalyzingdata,refining

theories,writing,debating,andadvancingour

understandingoftheworldintinyincrements.Workinginsmall

teamsonhighlyspecializedprojectsfarfromthepubliceye

一thatiswhatmostofusareaccustomedtodoing.

Ingeneral,traditionalmodesofpublicationwerefartooslow,

whichmotivatedscientiststoembracearapidalternativemodel：

preprintarchives,wherepapersarepostedpriortopeerreview

orconsiderationatascientificjournal.Thenumberofpapers

submittedtomedRxiv,akeyrepositoryofbiomedicalpreprints,

increased10-foldinthefirstfewmonthsofthepandemic.For

researchers,theemergenceofthediseasewasanall-hands

-on-deckmoment.Biologistssuchasthetwoofus,

alongwithvirologistsandimmunologists,allpivotedto

focusonthenewpathogen.Andotherresearchersfromacross

thescientificecosystem一economists,physicists,

engineers,statisticians,psychologists,

sociologists,andmore一droppedeverythingtolearnabout

COVIDandfigureouthowtheycouldcontribute.

Thesechangesalsoshiftedearly-stagesciencefromaprivate

8

activitytopartofthepublicdiscourse.Insteadof

presentingtheworldwithpolishedscientific

articles,investigatorsworkedinopenview,thinking

aloud,offeringpreliminaryspeculations,arguing,making

wrongturns,followingdeadendsandpursuingsomehypotheses

thatwouldultimatelyberefuted.

Thisapproachtocommunicationdoeshaveadownside.Previously

privatecommunicationswerenowopentoexploitationand

distortionbypoliticiansandpundits.Forinstance,flawed

blood-sampleresearchreportedinanApril2020medRxivpaper

purportedtoshowthatCOVIDwasamilddiseasewithaverylow

fatalityrate.Althoughthescientificcommunityquickly

pointedoutahostofproblemswiththework,peopleseeking

toavoidbusinessrestrictions,schoolclosuresandmask

mandatesignoredthecriticismandusedthepapertoundermine

publichealthinterventions.

Rapidandunorthodoxchannelsofcommunicationalsocouldnot

solvealltheproblemsscientists

encountered.Wetooktoolongtorecognizetheimportanceof

9

airbornetransmissionofthevirus.Wespentearly2020

washingourgroceriesbutnotwearingmasks.Most

critically,wehavebeenlargelyunsuccessfulat

anticipatingandmanagingthehumanelementofthepandemic.

Bynotaccountingforwaysthatbehaviorwouldchangein

responsetoinformation一andmisinformation一wehave

struggledtopredictthesizeandtimingofsuccessivedisease

wavesandvirusvariants.

21.Thephrase“toilaway”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobably

means._

[A]giveup

[B]dropout

[C]workhard

[D]standout

22.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,the

numberofpapersmedRxivreceivedincreasedrapidly

because.

[A]mostoftheresearchersareaccustomedtohighly

specializedprojectsnowadays

[B]old-fashionedpublicationprocessisnotefficientenough

io

tosatisfyresearchers

[C]researcherstendtobypasstheslowandtediouspeerreview

atascientificjournal

[D]medRxivenjoysarespectedpositioninbiomedicineduring

thepandemic

23.PublichealthinterventionsagainstCOVIDhave.

[A]beenhinderedbyfaultyresearchfindings

[B]madesignificantgainsthroughreasonablesteps

[C]ignoredtheexploitationanddistortionbypoliticians

[D]runintoaseriesofproblems

24.Thepresentapproachtocommunicationhasadrawbackthat

[A]researchersareencouragedtopursuefalseassumptions

ratherthantruth

[B]privatecommunicationsaremisinterpretedandtwistedby

somepeople

[C]itpresentstheworldwithpolishedscientificpapers

[D]someofthepublishedhypotheseswouldberefuted

25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Communicationchannelstosolveeveryproblemencountered

byscientistscanbefound.

[B]Wecanpredictthevariationofnovelcoronavirusinthe

ii

nearfuture.

[C]Itisnotnecessarytoreservedailynecessitiesduringthe

epidemic.

[D]Wearingmaskscaneffectivelypreventthetransmissionof

COVID-19.

Text2

Wetaptelephonewithminuteelectronicpackagesinthisage

ofchips.Suchminiaturizationmightleadustothefalsebelief

thatabsolutesizeisirrelevanttotheoperationofcomplex

machinery.Butnaturedoesnotminiaturizenervecells(or

othercellsforthatmatter).Therangeofcel1sizeamong

organismsisincomparablysmallerthantherangeinbodysize.

Smallanimalssimplyhavefarfewercellsthanlargeanimals.

Thehumanbraincontainsseveralbillionnervecells；anant

isconstrainedbyitssmallsizetohave

manyhundredsoftimesfewernervecells.

Thereisnoestablishedrelationshipbetweenbrainsize

andintelligenceamonghumans.Butthisobservation

12

cannotbeextendedtodifferencesbetweenspecies

andcertainlynottorangesofsizesseparatingants

andhumans.

Wecanmakeastrongerargumentandclaimthathumanshaveto

bejustaboutthesizetheyareinordertofunctionasthey

do.Inanamusingandinstructivearticle,F.W.Wentexplored

theimpossibilityofhumanlife,asweknowit,atant

dimensions.Sinceweightincreasessomuchfasterthansurface

areaasanobjectgetslarger,smallanimalshaveveryhigh

ratiosofsurfacetovolume：they1iveinaworlddominatedby

surfaceforcesthataffectusscarcelyatall.

Anant-sizedmanmightputonsomeclothing,butforces

ofsurfaceadhesionwouldpreventitsremoval.Thelower

limitofdropsizewouldmakeshoweringimpossible；eachdrop

wou1dhitwiththeforceofalargestone.Ifourlittleman

managedtogetwetandtriedtodryoffwithatowel,hewould

bestucktoitforlife.Hecouldpournoliquid,lightnofire.

Ourskillsandbehaviorarefinelyrelatedtooursize.Wecould

notbetwiceastallasweare,forthekineticenergyofafall

13

wou1dthenbe16to32timesasgreat,andoursheerweight

(increasedeightfold)wouldbemorethanourlegscouldsupport.

Humangiantsofninetotenfeethaveeitherdiedyoungorbeen

crippledearlybyfailureofjointsandbones.Athalfoursize,

wecouldnotwieldaclubwithsufficientforcetohunt

largeanimals(forkineticenergywoulddecrease16

to32-fold).Wecouldnotimpartsufficientmomentum

tospearsandarrows；wecouldnotcutorsplitwoodwith

primitivetoolsorminemineralswithpicksandchisels.Since

thesewereessentialactivitiesinourhistoricaldevelopment,

wemustconcludethatthepathofourevolutioncouldonlyhave

beenfollowedbyacreatureveryclosetooursize.Idonot

arguethatweinhabitthebestofallpossibleworlds,onlythat

oursizehaslimitedouractivitiesand,toagreatextent,

shapedourevolution.

26.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

[A]Smallanimalsrarelyhavethesamenumberofnervecells

aslargeanimals.

[B]Cellsofsmallanimalsaresmallerthanthoseoflarge

animals.

[C]Moreintelligentmentendtopossesslargerbrainsize.

[D]Animalcellsarevariableinsizeandnumberduetospecies.

14

27.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthearticleofF.W.Wentis

[A]critical

[B]tolerant

[C]supportive

[D]ambiguous

28.AccordingtoF.W.Went'sarticle,anant-sizedmanmight

[A]putonandtakeoffsomeclothingunderforces

[B]takeashowerwithouttoomuchtrouble

[C]betrappedonatowelwhenwipinghimself

[D]performdailyactivitiesjustaswellasnormalpeopl

29.Accordingtotheauthor,humanbodysize.

[A]preventsusfromhuntinglargeanimalsinagroup

[B]playsanimportantroleinmaintainingourbasicfunction

[C]differslargelyduetoracesandregionsinhistory

[D]limitsourskillsandbehaviorinthepathofevolution

30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

[A]physicalsizeisthedecisivefactorinourevolution

history.

[B]Smallanimalsbearfewersurfaceforcescomparedtohuman

beings.

[C]Humangiantswilllargelyexistowingtoevolutionary

15

potentials.

[D]Humanwerephysicallyshapedtofitthecourseofevolution.

Text3

AUSEnergyDepartmentreportcallsforincentivestoboost

coal-firedandnuclearpowerplantsfollowingastreamof

closuresthatitsaidunderminedreliablesourcesof

electricity.Thefindingsofthestudy,releasedlateon

Wednesday,drewscornfromrenewableenergyadvocatesbut

praisefromthecoalandnuclearindustries.Thereportaligns

withthePresident'spromisetorevivetheailingminingsector.

Butitdiffersfromconclusionspresentedinanearlierdraft,

whichhadsaidbigincreasesinrenewablepowergeneration

remainedpossiblewithoutundermininggridreliability.The

administrationhadnotyetreviewedtheearlydraft,whichwas

writtenbydepartmentstaff.

EnergySecretaryRickPerrycommissionedthestudyinAprilto

evaluatewhether“regulatoryburdens“imposedbypast

administrations,includingthatofformerPresidentBarack

Obama,hadhurtthegridbyforcingshutdownsofbaseload

plants,whichprovidenonstoppower,likethosefiredbycoal

andnuclearfuel.Theformerpresidenthadintroduceda

16

numberofregulationsintendedtoslashemissionsofcarbon

dioxide,whichareblamedforclimatechange.Thisaccelerated

theretirementofcoal-firedpowerplantsandbolsteredthe

newly-developedsolarandwindsectors,whichdependheavily

onweatherconditionsfortheirpoweroutput.

“Itisapparentthatintoday'scompetitivemarketscertain

regulationsandsubsidiesarehavingalargeimpactonthe

functioningofmarkets,andtherebychallengingourpower

generationmix,“Perrysaidinaletterintroducingthestudy.

“Itisimportantforpolicymakerstoconsidertheirintended

andunintendedeffects.”

Thestudy,conductedbythedepartment'sstaff,saidcheap

naturalgaswasthemaindriveroftheclosureofbaseloadcoal

andnuclearplants,atrendthatwasputtingareasofthe

countryatgreaterriskofpoweroutages.Thedepartment

recommendedgivingbaseloadplantspricingadvantagesfor

theirpower,aswellasmakingiteasierandcheapertoget

permitstobuildmoresuchprojects.

HowardCrystal,aspokesmanfortheCenterforBiological

17

Diversitywhichadvocatesforcleanenergy,calledthe

recommendations"dangerouslymisguidedv."Therealityis

thatwecanprotectourplanetandourenergysuppliesby

embracingwindandsolar,“hesaid.

Somecoalandnuclearenergygroupswelcomedthefinalreport'

sfindings."Thisisamuch-needed,

practicallookatUSelectricityreliabilityandresilience,

includingthepriorityofmaintainingcriticalcleanbaseload

poweraselectricitymarketschange,vsaidRichPowell,

directorofClearPath,whichadvocatesfornuclearand

hydropower.Lastweek,NeilChatterjee,thenewlyappointed

chairmanoftheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission,saidcoal

plantsneededtobe“properlycompensatedtorecognizethe

valuetheyprovidetothesystem.”

31.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat.

[A]Renewableenergyadvocatesapprovedofthenewfindingsof

thestudy

[B]therecently-releasedreporthascausedmuchcontroversy

18

[C]PresidentTrumppromisedtoboosttraditionalenergy

industry

[D]itisunrealforrenewablepowerplantstokeepthegrid

reliable

32.WhatistheattitudeofEnergySecretaryRickPerrytoward

regulationstheformerpresidentintroducedinenergyindustry?

[A]Prettypositive.

[B]Somewhataffirmative.

[C]Rathercritical.

[D]Totallyindifferent.

33.Mr.Crystalholdsthat.

[A]cleanenergycouldmeetourneedinanenvironment­

friendlyway

[B]therecommendationscanactasaguideforusingclean

energy

[C]wecanprotectourplanetbyusingcheaperenergysupplies

[D]thedepartmentjustfocusedonhowtomakemoreprofits

34.Somecoalandnuclearenergygroupssupportedthereport

inthat.

[A]itcompensatedtheindustrybybringenormousfederalfund

[B]itlaidthefoundationforthecoalplants'priorityin

energysupply

19

[C]itpaiddueattentiontotheimportantrolecleanbaseload

powerplayed

[D]itprovidedthesystemwithgreatvalueduringelectricity

marketschange

35.Whichofthefollowingbestreflectsthemainideaofthe

passage?

[A]Renewableenergywillreplacecoalandnuclearenergy.

[B]U.S.EnergyDepartmentbolstersthenewly-developedsolar

andwindsectors.

[C]MorecoalandnuclearplantswillbeclosedintheII.S.

[D]U.S.EnergyDepartmentgridstudycallsforboosttocoal

andnuclearpower.

Text4

Somepeoplehavealmostalltheluck.Overthepastyear,as

India'seconomyhasshrunkbyaroundatenthandtensof

millionsofIndianshavelostjobsorsunkintopoverty,the

fortunesofthecountry1stworichestpeoplehaveswollen.

GautamAdani,whoseenterprisesspreadfromportstocoalmines

tofood,hasseenhispersonalwealthmorethandouble,tosome

$32bn.MukeshAmbani,sriches,whichderivefromoilrefining,

20

telecomsandretail,amongotherthings,havegrownbyjust25%,

albeittoanintimidating$75bn

orso.

Theshareofwealthandincomegoingtothetop1%hasbeen

risingrapidlyinrecentyearsinIndia,asithasbeenin

manycountries.Lastyeartheyhooveredup21.4%of

earnings,justaheadoftheircounterpartsinRussia,

accordingtotheWorldInequalityDatabase.CreditSuisse,a

bank,putstheirshareofIndia/swealthat39%,wellahead

oftherichest1%ofAmericansorChinese.Mostalarmingly,in

Indiasomeoftherichhavebecomesuper-richbyusingtheir

forcetocrushsmallercompetitorsandthuscornermultiple

chunksoftheeconomy.

Thetiltinfortuneshasrewardednotsomuchtechnical

innovationorproductivitygrowthortheopeningofnew

marketsasthewieldingofpoliticalinfluenceandprivileged

accesstocapitaltocaptureandprotectexistingmarkets.

AstudybyKrishnaKant,ajournalist,revealsthat

between2014and2018competitionwithintendifferent

21

industries,fromaviationtotyres,deterioratedmarkedly.

AcrossIndianmarkets,onlythesharesofgiantfirmshave

gainedconsistentlyoverthepastdecade,saysRohitChandra

ofIITDelhi,auniversity.Internationalinvestors

havenoticed,andnowbetincreasinglynotonpromising

newfirmsbutonbigoldones,whichtheyexpecttogeteven

bigger.ThegovernmentboaststhatthefivemonthsfromApril

toAugustsawarecord$36bninforeigninvestment,suggesting

thatitswisepolicieshavesustainedconfidenceduringthe

covid-19epidemic.Whatittrumpetslessloudlyisthatmore

thanhalfofthatmoney,includinghugeamountsofinvestments

fromFacebookandGoogle,pouredintoMr.Ambani'shandsalone.

SomeofIndia'stycoonshaveprosperedbecausetheyhave

learnednotjusttoweatherunpredictability,buttogamethe

politicalsystem,whichisfailingIndia'spoor.Measuresof

malnutritionandstuntingrevealanalarmingbackwardslide

overthepastyear.Theunemploymentrateshowssomerecovery

fromtheworstofthecovidshock,butthatfailstocapture

theastonishingbleaknessofIndia'slabourmarket.Before

covidhit,barely40%ofadultswereinpaidwork,according

22

totheCentreforMonitoringtheIndianEconomy,aresearch

firm.Nowonly36%are.Therest,includinglegionsof

housewives,seenopointinevenlookingforajob.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,theauthorimpliesthatin

India.

[A]richpeopleshouldattributetheirfortunestoluck

[B]AdaniandAmbanihavegraspedallthemainsections

[C]theeconomyhaswitnessedagrowingprosperitylastyear

[D]theinequalitybetweentherichandpoorisgettingworse

37.Theword“corner”(Line5,Para.2)isclosestinmeaning

to.

[A]monopolize

[B]blow

[C]stimulate

[D]promote

38.ThetiltofwealthinIndiamayleadto.

[A]developmentintechnicalinnovationandproductivity

[B]politicalinfluenceinexistingandnewmarkets

[C]increasinglyworseningcompetitioninthemarket

[D]disadvantagedpositionininternationalcompetition

39.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?

[A]India'ssuper-richfedbyforeigncapitalarethriving

23

disproportionally.

[B]Internationalinvestorsusedtofundsmallcorporationsin

India.

[C]India'sgovernmenthastakeneffectivemovesagainst

inequalityduringtheepidemic.

[D]Mr.Ambanienjoysahighreputationamonginternational

investors.

40.FromthelastParagraph,wecanconcludethat-----.

[A]individualabilitiesofIndiantycoonsplayadecisiverole

inwealthaccumulation

[B]Indianpoliticalinstitutionshouldtaketheblameforits

unhealthyeconomy

[C]theunemploymentrateinIndiahashitthebottomafterthe

covidshock

[D]theunemploymentrateraisesaredflagforeconomic

depression

PartB

Directions：Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrong

order.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganize

24

theseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelist

A-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCand

Fhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

[A]Beforeyoustartwritingareview,youshouldrememberthat

adetailedretellingofwhatisgoingoninthepaintingreduces

thevalueofthereview：first,itisnotinterestingtoread

theworkitself；secondly,oneofthecriteriaforaweak

reviewisrightlyconsideredsubstitutionofanalysisand

interpretationofthetextbyretellingit.Everypainting

beginswithatitlethatyouinterpretasyoulookatit.Next,

afteryouarefinishedpreparingforthewriting,itistime

tounderstandhowtowriteanartreview.

[B]Inthenextparagraph,describeallthefeelingsfromwhat

yousaw.Youcanexpressadmirationfromtheviewedworkin

rapturousform.Forexample：”delightful,“"amazing,“"cool,“

“super,"—and"Iwanttoseesuchthepicturedaily,waking

upinthemorning."Giveanassessmentthatisclosesttoyou

intheconversation