高考英语新课标地区专用版大二轮讲义专题二阅读理解第四节一

第四节主旨大意题一、标题归纳题(2018·11月浙江，C)Istarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions：toattackonebigbookfromthepast，aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungandambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental：MobyDickonathree-daycross-countrytraintrip；TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors，notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms，andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.AttemptingTheManWithoutQualitiesonareturntoHawaii，mynativestate，however，waslessfruitful:Imadeitthroughoneandaquartervolumes(册)，thendecidedthatI’dgotthepointandwentswimminginstead.ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.I’mnotquiteinterestedinBalzac，say，orTristramShandy.There’salwaysWarandPeace，whichI’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes，onlytogetboggeddowninthe“War”part，setitasideforawhile，andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain，havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank.Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreintoTheWavesorJustine，whichfeelsalmostlikecheating，tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.Andthenthere’sStendhal’sTheRedandtheBlack，whichhappenstobethenameofmyfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer，createdbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackForty.Itiseasytodrink，andknockingbackthreeorfourseemslikesuchadelightfulidea.Cecconi’stheory:“Itakewhatever’sfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid.”Theresultisapureshotofafternooninthepark，makingonefeelcheerfulandpeacefulallatonce，lyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut，sunbeatingthroughthelids...eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者喜欢暑期旅游读书，并和我们分享了自己读书的体会。)27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A．HehasacottageinNewEngland.B．Heshowstalentsforliterature.C．Heenjoysreadingwhentraveling.D．Headmiresalotofgreatwriters.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“MobyDickonathree-daycross-countrytraintrip；TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottage...TheManWithoutQualitiesonareturntoHawaii”等内容可知，作者在旅行中喜欢阅读。故选C。28．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getboggeddown”inParagraph2mean?A．Getconfused.B．Becarriedaway.C．Beinterrupted.D．Makenoprogress.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据文中的“I’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes”和“setitasideforawhile”及读后的结果“havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank”可知，作者在读“战争”部分时几次合上书，把书放一边。句中画线的“getboggeddown”指的是“陷入困境，停滞不前，没有进展”。与makenoprogress同义。故选D。29．Whydoestheauthorsayreadinghisfavoritebooksfeelslikecheating?A．Hefinishesthemquickly.B．Heshouldreadsomethingserious.C．Hebarelyunderstandsthem.D．Hehasreadthemmanytimesbefore.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreintoTheWavesorJustine，whichfeelsalmostlikecheating，tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.”可知，作者再次读到自己最喜欢的书时，感到非常刺激和兴奋。同时感觉自己兴奋的心情与严肃的作品不适合，所以这时候会有欺骗的感觉，认为自己应该读一些严肃的东西。故选B。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheBooksofSummerB．MySummerHolidaysC．ToReadorNottoReadD．It’sNeverTooLatetoRead答案A解析标题归纳题。文章第一段开头作者就谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名着。第二段中的“ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.”谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段的“myfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer”把读书和鸡尾酒联系起来，谈自己读书的感受。所以全文都和夏天读书有关，TheBooksofSummer适合作为标题，故选A。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis“”．一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。二、解题技巧1．“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2．文章标题三特点(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【真题感悟】中第30题。文章第一段开头作者就谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名着。第二段中的“ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.”谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段的“myfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer”把读书和鸡尾酒联系起来，谈自己读书的感受。所以全文都和夏天读书有关，TheBooksofSummer适合作为标题，故选A。A(2019·湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)Laughterispartofthe1universalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili，wedon’thavetolearntospeakit.We’rebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom，mostlaughterisnotabouthumor；itisaboutrelationships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10-yearperiod，westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements，suchas，“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？”or“Doyouhavearubberband？”Thesecertainlyaren’tjokes.Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting(喘气的)behaviorofourancientancestors.Today，ifwetickle(使发痒)chimps，theydon’tlaugh.But，instead，theyproduceapantingsound.That’sthesoundofapelaughter，andit’stherootofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter，likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay，buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats，forexample，producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled，buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive，butitcanbenegativetoo.There’sadifferencebetween“laughingwith”and“laughingat”．Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh，butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.Worknow2underwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter，howithasevolved，andwhywe’resosusceptibletotickling.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。1．Whatwasthepurposeofthedecade’sresearch?A．Toprovethatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumor.B．Tofindouttherealreasonforpeople’slaughter.C．Toresearchpeople’sdifferentreactiononjokes.D．Torecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls.答案B解析细节理解题。由题干中的“thedecade’sresearch”可定位至文章第二段最后两句，由该段倒数第二句“Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh...”可知，这十年的研究是为了弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。2．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.B．Apesproducehighsoundswhentickled.C．Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.D．Thesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.”可知，玩得越多的人笑得越多。故A项正确。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Flexible.C．Addictive. D．Reliable.答案A解析词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible(易受影响的，敏感的)与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。4．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheImpactofLaughterB．TheMeaningofLaughterC．ABigMystery：WhyDoWeLaugh?D．Laughter：TheMostBeautifulWord答案C解析标题归纳题。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。故C项为最佳标题。B(2019·河北五个一名校联盟)Mostpeoplewhoownmobilephonesusethemastheiralarmclocks—makingitveryeasytocheckemailsonelasttimebeforefallingasleepandhardtoeverfeelawayfromworkandsocialnetworks.Severalyearsago，mybossfainteddueto7exhaustionafterstayinguplatetocatchuponwork.Shebangedherheadandendedupwithfivestitches(缝针)—andbecamewhatshecallsa“sleepevangelist(传教士)”．Nowsheleaveshermobilephone11charginginanotherroomwhenshegoestobedandencouragesherfriendstodothesame.“IsentallmyfriendsthesameChristmasgift—alovelyalarmclock—sotheycouldstopusingtheexcusethattheyneededtheirveryattractivemobilephonesbytheirbedstowakethemupinthemorning，”shesaid.Ifyourmobilephonewakesyouupinthemorning，itmayalsobekeepingyouupatnight.A2008studyshowedthatpeopleexposedtomobileradiationtooklongertofallasleepandspentlesstimeindeepsleep.“13Thestudy8indicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdaily3wearandtearare9severelyaffected，”thestudyconcluded.Aquarterofyoungpeoplefeelliketheymustbeavailablebymobilephone4aroundtheclock，accordingtoaSwedishstudythatlinkedheavycellphoneusetosleepingproblems，stressanddepression.Unreturnedmessagescarrymoreguiltwhenthetechnologytodealwiththemliesatourfingertips.Someteensevenreturntextmessagesatmidnight.Mostofuschoosenottosetlimitsonournighttimeavailability.Nearlythreequartersofpeoplefromtheageof18to44sleepwiththeirmobilephoneswithinreach，accordingtoa2012Timepoll.Thatnumberfallsoffslightlyinmiddleage，butonlypeopleaged65andolderareleavingthemobilephoneinanotherroomascommonassleepingrightnexttoit.语篇解读本文属于科普类说明文，讲述现在越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边，这会严重影响人们的睡眠质量，有些人已经选择把手机放在其他地方来保证自己的睡眠质量。5．Whydidtheauthor’sbossstarttoenjoysleeping?A．Herfriendsencouragedhertosleepontime.B．Mobilephonescouldn’twakeherupontime.C．Herfriendssentheralovelyclocktowakeherup.D．Shegothurtduetoworkingtoolate.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，作者的老板由于熬夜赶工而筋疲力尽晕倒在地，并且头部缝了五针，最终她成为“睡眠传教士”，鼓励大家多睡觉。因此作者的老板开始享受睡眠是因为受到了伤害，故选D。6．Whydidtheauthor’sbossgiveherfriendsalarmclocksasChristmasgifts?A．Alarmclocksdon’tgiveoffanyradiation.B．Alarmclocksarebetteratwakingherfriendsup.C．Sheadvisedthemtoreplacemobilephoneswithalarmclocks.D．Sheusedalarmclockstoremindthemnottoworktoolate.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者的老板送给朋友闹钟是为了不再让他们用把手机当闹钟的借口而影响睡眠，让他们用闹钟来替代手机，故选C。7．Whatcanwelearnfromthe2008study?A．Mobileradiationmakespeopleunabletofallasleep.B．Mobilephonescanrelease884MHzwiredsignals.C．Sleepcanhelppeoplefightagainstradiation.D．Componentsofsleepcanbeseriouslyaffectedbywirelesssignals.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected...”可知，2008年的一份研究表明，在实验中暴露于884兆赫的无线信号中，修复白天身体损耗很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。由此可知，无线电信号会严重影响睡眠质量，故选D。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowMobilePhonesAffectSleepB．WhyAlarmClocksAreBetterthanPhonesC．HowWeCanSleepBetteratNightD．HowMobilePhonesAffectHealth答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文阐述越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边，这会严重影响其睡眠质量，阐述了手机与睡眠的关系，故选A。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1．Thereisauniversalloveforbasketballinthecountryamongallwalksoflife.普遍的，全体的2．PreparationsforthearrivaloftheseniorrepresentativefromtheUNarealreadyunderway.在进行中的3．Theseproductscanstandwearandtear，whichwilldefinitelybeattractiveinthemarket.磨损4．Somestoresstayopenaroundtheclock，whileothersdobusinessforonlyafewhoursaday.夜以继日地，昼夜不停地(二)同义词语替换5．Contrarytothebeliefthatrockmusicisalwaysangryandnoisy，histrademark(标志性的)styleisquietbutpowerful.opposedto6．Thecompanyhasevolvedovertheyearsintoamulti-milliondollarorganization.developed7．Therearemanysymptomsofdepression.Theyincludelackofsleep，strongfeelingofexhaustion，anddifficultyconcentratingthroughouttheday.tiredness8．Researchindicatesthatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalaries.shows9．Theschoolbuildingswereseverelydamagedintheearthquakeandstudentshadtostudyatalocalcompany，whichchangeditsworkshopintoatemporaryclassroom.seriously(三)一词多义10．occurv．发生；被想起(1)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.发生(2)Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.被想起11．chargev．&n．主管，负责n．费用v．收费；控告；充电；进攻(1)Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole，theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.v.进攻(2)CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?n．主管，负责(3)Doyouthinkmuseumsshouldchargeforadmission？v.收费(4)Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.v．控告(5)Themonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly$29，whichisquitereasonable.n.费用(6)Itbecamearoutineforustochargeourphonefrequentlyeveninaday.v.充电Ⅱ.长难句理解12．Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。句首的Tofindout是目的状语，句子的主语是I，谓语动词went和recorded由and连接。what引导的是宾语从句。[精美译文]为了弄清楚人们发笑的时间和原因，我和几个助手去了当地的购物中心，记录了人们发笑之前的事情。13．Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected.[句式分析]本句为复合句。that引导的是宾语从句。从句是主谓结构，主语是componentsofsleep，areseverelyaffected是被动结构；believedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtear是过去分词作定语，这本身是一个句型：sb./sth.besaid/believed/reportedtodo，表示“据说/据认为/据报道”。[精美译文]该研究表明，在实验室里暴露于884兆赫无线信号时，被认为对日常(身体)损耗的恢复很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。强化练(十八)Ⅰ.阅读理解A“Mirrormirroronthewall，who’sthefairestofthemall？”Anoldtaletellsaseeminglyunbelievablestoryofamagicmirror，butnowthemagicisnolongerunachievable.InAugust2018，newswentviral(广为传播的)thatthepolicehadcaughtcriminalsuspectswhoattendedChinesesingerJackyCheung’sconcerts.Howdidthepolicepickoutthesuspectsamongthousandsofscreamingfans？ThehelpinghandisAIfacialrecognitiontechnology.Thelow-keyyetpowerfultoolisnolongerfar-fetched，butenteringtheworldofChina’stopinvestorsandcompanies.Facialrecognitionisatechnologyabletoidentifyapersonfromadigitalimageoraframefromavideosource.TangWenbin，CTOofFace＋＋，anAIcomputervision(视觉)technologycompanyinChina，vividlyexplainedtheworkflow.Accordingtohim，facialrecognitionistheidentificationofourappearance，includingknowingthesex，ageandidentityofaperson.Youmaythinkitislikeabrainoraneuralnetwork.Youusedatatotrainit，andthen，itlearnsthepattern.Facialrecognitiontechnologyhasbeentraditionallyalliedwiththesecuritywork，buttodaythereisactiveexpansionintootherindustriesincludingmobilephones，marketingandfinance.Chinesestart-upshaveseenthepotentialofAIfacialrecognitionforsimplifyingandspeedinguptasksinmultipleindustries.Andthemarketisnowcrowdedandcompetitive.ChinaisstartingtheAIrevolutionandhasmadebreakthroughsinfacialrecognition.“IfapplyingAItodifferentindustriesisamarathon，thecompaniesthereprobablyhavejustgotofftheblocks，”saidTianFeng，directorofAlibabaCloudResearchCenter.Healsothinksthatinthefuture，everybodywillbeabletouseAIasitwillsoonbecomeabasictoolforworkandlife.eq\x(语篇解读本文是科普说明文，讲述了人工智能的面部识别技术在中国的发展和应用现状。)1．WhyisthenewsmentionedinParagraph2?A．Tointroduceanewtoolforcompanies.B．Toshowthemagichasbecomeareality.C．Toproveoldtalesarebasedontruestories.D．Todescribethebackgroundoffacialrecognition.答案B解析推理判断题。第一段引入童话故事里的魔镜，第一段结尾提到“butnowthemagicisnolongerunachievable”，紧接着第二段就以实例证明魔镜确实不再是难以实现的幻想了，因此第二段提到了新闻是为了说明现代技术把童话故事里的“魔镜”变成了现实。2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“alliedwith”underlinedinParagraph4?A．Dependenton. B．Comparedwith.C．Differentfrom. D．Relatedto.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句中的“traditionally...securitywork”和后面的转折“buttodaythereisactiveexpansionintootherindustriesincludingmobilephones，marketingandfinance”可知，面部识别一直都与安全方面的工作有关，但是如今这一技术扩展到了其他行业。故画线部分应表示“与……有关联”，故选D。3．WhatdoTianFeng’swordsimply?A．ManycompaniesinChinaareresearchingAI.B．AIplaysakeyroleincompanies’development.C．AItechnologyappliednowisfarfrommature.D．AItechnologywillbeusedinmarathonsoneday.答案C解析推理判断题。根据TianFeng的话“IfapplyingAItodifferentindustriesisamarathon，thecompaniesthereprobablyhavejustgotofftheblocks”可知，如果把将人工智能技术应用到不同行业中比作一场马拉松，那么这些公司可能处于刚起跑的阶段，即人工智能技术现阶段的发展还远远不够成熟。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheEyeofAIinChinaB．EffectsofAITechnologyC．BreakthroughsofChineseTechnologyD．FacialRecognitioninSecurity答案A解析标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲了人工智能技术中的面部识别技术在中国的发展和应用。故A项作本文标题最佳。B(2019·四川双流中学一模)Iattendedapartyonenight.Duringthedinneramantoldahumorousstorybasedonthequotation：“There’sadivinitythatshapesourends，rough-hewthemhowwewill.”ThestorytellermentionedthatthequotationwasfromtheBible.Iknewhewaswrong.Therecouldn’tbetheslightestdoubtaboutit.Togetafeelingofimportanceanddisplaymysuperiority，Iappointedmyselfasanunwelcomecommitteemembertocorrecthim.Hestucktohisguns.“What?FromShakespeare?Impossible!Absurd!ThatquotationwasfromtheBible.”Andheknewit.Thestorytellerwassittingonmyright；andFrankGammond，anoldfriendofmine，wasseatedonmyleft.MrGammondhaddevotedyearstothestudyofShakespeare.SothestorytellerandIagreedtosubmitthequestiontoMrGammond.MrGammondlistened，kickedmeunderthetable，andthensaid，“Dale，youarewrong.Thegentlemanisright.ItisfromtheBible.”Onourwayhomethatnight，IsaidtoMrGammond，“Frank，youknewthatquotationwasfromShakespeare.”“Yes，ofcourse，”hereplied，“Hamlet，ActFive，SceneTwo.Butwewereguestsatahappytime，mydearDale.Whyarguewiththestoryteller?Whyprovetohimheiswrong？Whynotlethimsavehisface？Alwaysavoidyoursharpangle.”IlearnedalessonI’llneverforget.Inotonlyhadmadethestorytelleruncomfortable，butalsohadputmyfriendinanembarrassingsituation.HowmuchbetteritwouldhavebeenifIhadnotbecomeargumentative.Ninetimesoutoften，anargumentendswitheachofthecontestantsmorefirmlyconvincedthaneverthatheisabsolutelyright.Youcan’twinanargument.Youcan’tbecauseifyouloseit，youloseit；andifyouwinit，youloseit.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章论述的是“你不可能赢得争论”。十有八九，争论结束时，每个参与者都比以往更坚定地相信自己是绝对正确的。5．Whatdidtheauthordotogetafeelingofimportanceattheparty?A．Tellahumorousstory.B．Showoffhisrichknowledge.C．Teachthestorytelleralesson.D．Correctthestoryteller’smistake.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Togetafeelingofimportanceanddisplaymysuperiority，Iappointedmyselfasanunwelcomecommitteemembertocorrecthim.”可知，作者在聚会上纠正讲故事的人的错误来获得一种重要感。故选D。6．WhydidFrankGammondkicktheauthorunderthetable?A．Becausehedidn’tknowmuchabouttheBible.B．Becausehethoughttheauthorwasreallywrong.C．Becausehewasthoughtfulandwantedtostoptheauthor.D．Becausehewashumorousandplayedtricksontheauthor.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“MrGammondlistened，kickedmeunderthetable，andthensaid，‘Dale，youarewrong.Thegentlemanisright.ItisfromtheBible.’”可知，FrankGammond在桌子底下踢作者是因为他想得周到，想阻止作者。故选C。7．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheeventthathappenedattheparty?A．Thankful. B．Regretful.C．Satisfied. D．Confused.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后三句“IlearnedalessonI’llneverforget.Inotonlyhadmadethestorytelleruncomfortable，butalsohadputmyfriendinanembarrassingsituation.HowmuchbetteritwouldhavebeenifIhadnotbecomeargumentative.”可知，作者对晚会上发生的事很后悔。故选B。8．Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?A．YouCan’tWinanArgumentB．YouCan’tMakeMistakesinPublicC．DoHaveanOpenMindD．MindYourMannersataParty答案A解析标题归纳题。根据最后一段“十有八九，争论结束时，每个参与者都比以往更坚定地相信自己是绝对正确的。你不可能赢得争论。你不能，因为如果你输了，你就输了；如果你赢了，你也输了。”可知，本文最佳标题是YouCan’tWinanArgument。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空(2019·山东济南质检)WhenIwasyoung，myunderstandingoflifewassimple.Thismadeit9formetodealwiththeworldaroundme.AsIgrewup，thingsseemedmore10，whichmadelifemorechallenging.Now，middle-aged，Ifindmy11oftheworldisreturningtothesimple.WhenItrytoteachmydaughterimportant12aboutlife，Iwillbreakcomplicatedthings13intosmallpieces.Oneofthosebasicsis14，foryourself，andforothers.Iteachmydaughterto15.Tofailfeelsbad，16，butnottohavetriedfeelsworse，becauseyoucan’trespectyourselfforit.Andasthesaying17，“Ifyoudon’trespectyourself，nooneelsewill.”WhenIwassevenoreight，Iplayedatmycousin’shousewithhistoys.Hisfamilywasbetteroffthanmine，andhehadmanymoretoys.Therewasone18thatI’dalwayswanted，andI19itintomypocket.Butamomentlater，I20，evenatthatage，thatIwouldneverenjoyplayingwiththetoy.IwouldalwaysknowIhad21，andmyopinionofmyselfwould22.Whenhismotherdroppedmeofflaterthatday，Ishamefacedly23outthetoyandgaveitback.Sheknew，I’msure，whathadhappened，24shethankedmeandneverspokeofitagain.Ihopetohelpmydaughteravoidsimilar25.Shefirsthastogainself-respect26shecanstartrespectingothers.Ibelieveinrespect，because27itwe’reallenemies.I’mnot28inthisregard，farfromit.ButItrymybest，andIrespectothersfortryingtheirbestinthischangingworld.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章作者通过自己成长过程中的亲身经历，教育自己的女儿，在开始尊重其他人之前，首先要获得自尊。9．A.funnier B．easierC．safer D．deeper答案B解析根据上文中的“WhenIwasyoung，myunderstandingoflifewassimple.”可知，这让“我”更容易与周围的世界打交道。funnier更滑稽的；easier更容易的；safer更安全的；deeper更深的。故选B。10．A.important B．awkwardC．fragile D．complex答案D解析根据后面的“whichmadelifemorechallenging”可知，随着“我”长大，事情似乎变得更加复杂。important重要的；awkward尴尬的；fragile易碎的；complex复杂的。故选D。11．A.view B．experienceC．aim D．expectation答案A解析句意为：现在，中年了，我发现我的世界观正在回归简单。view观点；experience经历；aim目的；expectation期待。故选A。12．A.basics B．factsC．subjects D．choices答案A解析根据下文中的“Oneofthosebasicsis”可知，这里意思是“我”试着教“我”女儿重要的生活基础知识。basic基础知识；fact事实；subject科目；choice选择。故选A。13．A.away B．offC．down D．out答案C解析句意为：当我试图教我女儿重要的生活基础知识时，我会把复杂的东西分解成小块。breakdowninto分解成……，为固定短语。故选C。14．A.passion B．loveC．respect D．desire答案C解析根据下文中的“becauseyoucan’trespectyourselfforit”可知，这里意思是：其中一个基本要素就是尊重。passion激情；love爱；respect尊重；desire欲望。故选C。15．A.forgive B．acceptC．share D．try答案D解析根据下文中的“butnottohavetriedfeelsworse”可知，这里意思是“我”教女儿去尝试。forgive原谅；accept接受；share分享；try尝试。故选D。16．A.certainly B．eventuallyC．personally D．willingly答案A解析句意为：当然，失败让人感觉很糟糕，但没有尝试让人感觉更糟，因为你无法为此尊重自己。certainly当然；eventually最后；personally亲自地；willingly愿意地。故选A。17．A.runs B．goesC．writes D．follows答案B解析句意为：俗话说，“如果你不尊重自己，就没有人会尊重你。”asthesayinggoes俗话说，为固定短语。故选B。18．A.forfun B．inparticularC．withcare D．atrandom答案B解析句意为：有一个是我一直特别想要的。forfun闹着玩地，为了好玩；inparticular特别，尤其；withcare小心地；atrandom随便地。故选B。19．A.fetched B．arrangedC．slipped D．fitted答案C解析句意为：有一个是我一直特别想要的，我把它偷偷塞进了口袋里。fetch取来；arrange安排；slip迅速放置，悄悄塞，偷偷放；fit适合。故选C。20．A.doubted B．promisedC．questioned D．sensed答案D解析句意为：但过了一会儿，我感觉到，即使在那个年纪，我也不会永远喜欢玩这个玩具。doubt怀疑；promise许诺；question怀疑；sense感觉。故选D。21．A.lied B．stolenC．changed D．cheated答案B解析句意为：我将永远知道我偷了东西，我对自己的看法也会受损害。lie撒谎；steal偷窃；change改变；cheat欺骗。故选B。22．A.suffer B．improveC．fade D．spread答案A