上海市2019年高考英语模拟试题9

上市高英模试9（解）ListeningA(10%)：InSectionAtenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.theendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theandthequestions'willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,decidewhichoneisbestanswertothequestionyouhave,heard.1.A.$10.B.$8.C.$16.D.2.A.Ataconcert.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atanartmuseum.D.Ataflowershop.3.A.Ateacher.B.Apoliceman.C.Adoctor.D.Anathlete.4.A.Parentandchild.B.Husbandandwife.C.Teacherandstudent.D.assistantandcustomer.5.A.Apairoftrousers.B.suit.C.Acoat.D.Ablouse.6.A.TheplanningatriptoAustin.B.Themanhasnotbeentobefore.C.Themandoesn’tlikeAustin.D.ThemanhasbeentoAustinbefore.7.A.Findaroom.B.theoldtable.C.Buytwobookshelves.D.Rearrangesomefurniture.8.A.Sheisfondofpizzaverymuch.B.Shedisagreeswiththeman.C.Shedoesn’understandwhatthemansays.D.Shedoesn’likepizzaverymuch,either.9.A.Shedoesn'tminditasconditionsaregood.B.Sheistiredofdrivinginheavytraffic.C.Sheisunhappytohavetodrivesuchalongwayeveryday.D.Sheenjoysitbecauseshe'sgoodatdriving.10.A.Itwasalonglecture,buteasytounderstand.-1-

B.Itwasnotaseasyasshehadexpected.C.Itwasasdifficultasshehadexpected.D.Itwasinterestingtofollow.B(15%)：InSectionBwilltwopassagesandoneconversation.eachpassageandconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Theandtheconversationwillberead，thequestionsbeonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readjourpossibleanswersonyourpaperdecidewhichoneisbestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11through13arebasedfollowing11.A.Twinvolunteers.B.prisoners.C.Twopoliceofficers.D.patients.12.A.Toseeifteaandcoffeewoulddotopeople.B.ToseehowmuchteaandcoffeecoulddrinkaC.ToseewhetherhispeoplewereD.Toseewhetherthedrinkshadthesameeffect.13.A.Theybothlivedalonglife.B.Oneofthemtheexperiment.C.Bothofthemdiedsoon.D.Theyalottheexperiment.14through16arebasedfollowing14.A.Itlistedintheteachingprogram.B.ItisimportanttoEnglishteaching.C.Effectivelisteningingoodgrades.D.It'smoretaughtthananyothersubject.15.A.Listeninghelpstosendplainmessage.B.Listeningdevelopsinterpersonalrelationship.C.Listeninghaslittletodowithinterpersonalrelationship.D.Goodlisteninghelpstodeliveranimportant16.A.Goodlisteningmeansagoodjob.B.Listeningrequiresunderstanding.C.Withgoodlistening,youcanmessages.D.Listeningisanimportantmeanscommunication.-2-

17through20arebasedfollowing17.A.Interviewerinterviewee.B.andemployee.C.Fellowworkers.D.Teacherandguide.18.A.Marketingproducts.B.Studyingaforeignlanguage.C.Developingteachingprograms.D.Sellingsoftware.19.A.Socialbackground.B.experience.C.Wideknowledge.D.Intelligentmind.20.A.ToJapanB.ToChile.C.ToKorea.D.ToSouthGrammarandVocabularyA(10%)Directions：Afterreadingthepassagefillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheagivenword,inblankwiththeproperformofthegiven；fortheother，usewordthatbestfitseachblank.Thesun’energyarenottoblameforrecentglobalwarmingand,ifanything,solarvariationsoverthepast20yearsshouldhavehadacoolingscientistshavesaid.Theirfindingsaddtoagrowingbodyofevidence___1___humanactivity,notnaturalcauses,liesbehindtherisingaverageworldtemperatures,which___2___(expect)toreachtheirhighestlevelthisyearsincerecordsbeganinthe1860s.Thereislittledoubtthatsolarvariabilityhasinfluencedthe’climateinthepastand___3___wellbeenfactorinthefirsthalfofthelastcentury,butBritishSwissresearcherssaid___4___couldnotexplainrecentwarming.Overthepast20years，allthetrendssunthatcouldaninfluenceonEarth'sclimate___5___(be)intheoppositedirectiontorequiredtoexplaintheobservedriseinglobalmeantemperatures.Mostscientistssayemissionsofgreenhousemainlyfromburningfossil(化石的fuelsinpowerplants,factoriesandcars,theprimecauseofthecurrentwarmingtrend.___6___(decrease)grouptheblamenaturalvariationsin-3-

theclimatesystem,oragradualriseinthe’energyoutput.Theyconcludedthatrapidriseinglobalmeantemperaturesseensincethelate1980scouldnotbeattributedtosolarvariability,___8___mechanismwasused.The___9___yearsin150yearshaveallbeensince1990aUnitedNationsclimatepanel,___10___(draw)onof2,500scientists,saidthisyearitwas“”thathumanactivitiesthemain【答案】2.areexpected3.may4.it5.havebeen6.decreasing7.the8.whatever9.warmest10.drawing【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现全球平均气温不断上升的背后是人类活动，而非自然原因。【1题解】考查同位语从句。句意：越来越多的证据表明，全球平均气温不断上升的背后是人类活动，而非自然原因，预计今年全球平均气温将达到19世60年代记录以来的第二高水平。此处为同位语从句成完整用that引连接作用义说明evidence的内容。【2题解】考查时态和固定句式。句意同上beexpectedtodo表示“预计有望……”，which指代先行词therisingworldtemperatures并非限定性定语从句中作主语，讲述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，故填expected。【3题解】考查情态动词。句意：毫无疑问，太阳的变化在过去影响了地球的气候，这很可能是上世纪上半叶的一个因素，但英国和瑞士的研究人员说，这不能解释最近的气候变暖maywell表-4-

示“很可能、有充分理由可”故填may。【4题解】考查代词。句意同上，此处指代太阳的变化在过去影响地球的气候这个因素，故填i。【5题解】考查时态。句意：在过去的20年里所有可能对地球气候产生影响的太阳活动趋势都与解释观测到的全球平均气温上升所需要的方向相反。时间状语Overthepast20years”表明用现在完成时，故填havebeen【6题解】考查形容词。句意：越来越少的人将其归咎于气候系统的自然变化，或者是太阳能量输出的逐渐上升。修饰名词group用容词decreasing示“持续减少的”，故填decreasing。【7题解】考查冠词。句意：他们的结论是，自上世纪80年代以来全球平均气温的迅速上升，无论以哪种角度来看，都不能归因于太阳的变化。此处指的是前面提到的“全球平均气温的迅速上升”，应该用定冠词表特指，故the【8题解】考查让步状语从句意上析子结构可知处为让步状语从句示无论什”故填。【9题解】考查形容词最高级。句意：过去150年来最热的年份都是1990年后定冠词the修饰容词最高级，故填。【10题解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个联合国气候小组根据2500名学家的研究成果表示，人类活动很可能是导致气候变化的主要原因aUnitedNationsclimatepanel与draw之是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填drawing【点睛】注意that连同位语句时，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。如：Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellthinkingisquitewrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的引的从句作idea的位语，补充说明idea的容-5-

SectionB(10%)Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusing-wordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisyouneed.Agapyearisoftenatimewhenyoungtravelortomoneyforschool.GapyearsaremuchinintheUnitedStates,especiallyamongchildrenborntowealthyfamilies.Butnow,moreAmericansareshowinganinterestintheideaofayear.Infact,U.S.collegesanduniversitiesarenow___12___studentstodelaytheirstudiestomakeofagapyear.In2016,MaliaObama,daughterofthen-presidentBarackObama,___13___alotofmediaattentionwhenshedecidedtopostponethestartoftheirstudiesbyayear.LikeMaliaObama,RosalieStoke,whohadbeenacceptedfor___14___byheruniversityofchoice,madethesamechoice.In___15___2013，StokeconnectedwithainBarcelona,Spain.Theytoletherlivewithandpaidsmallamounttofortheirchildrenforsevenmonths.StokestudiedSpanishduringinBarcelona.usedthemoneytotravelfortwomonths.WhenreturningtotheUnitedStatestobeginherstudiesatVirginiaTechin2014,Stokesaidshefeltateaseandthatsheaboutherselfaperson.Also,whentalkingwithfriendswhowent___16___collegefromhighschool,shefoundmanyhadadifficulttimeintheirfirstyearofcollege.toldherthey___17___thefieldofstudytheyhadchosen.Otherssaidtheyfeltlostatthecollegeorthattheywerewastingtimedoingthingslike___18___.JenniferPowell-Lunder,a___19___psychologistwhoworksmostlywithyoungpeople,saysthesefeelingsareamongfirst-yearcollegestudents.Shesaysmoreyoungare___20___admissiontocollegethaneverbefore.Thatmeansthelevelofcompetitionisthehighestithaseverbeen.Shesaysyoungpeopletodayhavetodomorethaneverbeassuccessful.Takingamay-6-

reducesomeofthepressure.【答案】11.B12.K13.C14.E15.G16.I17.A18.H19.D20.F【解析】本文是一篇说明文，以罗莎莉·托克为例介绍了欧美学生休间隔年的情况。【11题解】考查形容词。句意：间隔年在欧洲比在美国普遍得多，尤其是在富裕家庭出生的孩子中。此处缺少形容词作表语，表“见的、普遍”，故填B【12题解】考查时态。句意：事实上，一些美国的学院和大学正在敦促学生推迟学业以利用间隔年。此处缺少动词作谓语，urgesbtodo示“敦促强烈要求某人做某”“are”明为现在进行时，此处填现在分词，故填K。【13题解】考查时态。句意2016年，当国前总统奥巴马的女儿玛利亚决定推迟一年开始学业时，她受到了媒体的广泛关注。此空缺少动词作谓语，表示收到”，间状语表明应该用一般过去时，故填C。【14题解】考查名词。句意：和玛利亚一样，已经被她所选择的大学录取的罗莎莉·托克也做出了同样的选择。作介词for的宾语用词，表“录取、进入许”，填E。【15题解】考查名词。句意2013年秋季罗莎·托克与西班牙巴塞罗那的一个家庭取得了联系。根据英语表达习惯可知此处应该填季节或月份，表示在某某季节表示“秋天”，故填。【16题解】考查副词。句意：此外，当她和高中就直接上大学的朋友聊天时，她发现很多人在大学的第一年都过得很艰难。修饰动词用副straight表示“直接，goto表示“直接去”，故填I。-7-

【17题解】考查时态。句意：一些人告诉她，他们质疑自己选择的研究领域。此处缺少动词作谓语，表示“质疑”，事情发生在过去，该用一般过去时，故填A。【18题解】考查非谓语动词。句意：其他人则表示，他们在大学里感到迷茫，或者他们在浪费时间参加社交聚会之类的事情。介词like后动名词作宾语party做不及物动词时，表“加社交聚会，故填H。【19题解】考查形容词。句意：临床心理学家埃尼弗·鲍尔兰德主要与年轻人打交道，她说这种感觉在大一学生中很常见饰名词用容词clinical表示“临的故。【20题解】考查时态。句意：她说，现在申请上大学的年轻人比以往任何时候都多。此处缺少动词做谓语，表示“寻找，are”明为现在进行时，此处填现在分词，故填F。ReadingComprehensionA(15%)：eachblankinfollowingpassagetherearefour-wordsorphrasesAB,CandD.FilleachblankwithwordorphrasethatbestAnartprogramishelpingstudentsatofthelowestperformingschoolsintheUnitedStates.OnJune，muchoftheworld___21___theUnitedNationsWorldOceansDay.Theideaistoremindpeoplehowimportantthesaretoalllifeontocelebratetheirbeauty,andtobringattentionthe___22___hasontheoceans.Thisyear,thethemeis“OurOceans,Our”withspecialemphasisonfindingsolutionstoplasticpollution,andmarinelitterforahealthieroceanandabetterfuture.Theworld's___24___threefourthsoftheEarth'ssurface,contain97percentofour’water.Theyproduceoverhalfour，-8-

helpregulateourclimate,absorb，andsupportgreatest___25___oflifeonourNearlyhalfofallEarthdependontheoceansforsurvival,andformanyoftherest,includingpeople,theoceans___26___thequalityoflife.Theoceansarealso___27___totheworldseconomy,becausetheyarekeytotransportationandrecreation.Asover95percentoftheunderwaterareaunexplored,itisnearlyatheirdepthsmayholdthecuretomanyadisease,the___29___tomanyaproblem.Andyet,asmuchas40percentof’oceansare___30___affectedbyhumanactivitiesthatresultinpollution,andlossofcoastalhabitats.Ofparticular___31___plasticgarbage.Someofitcomesfromshipsthatuseourrivers,lakesandseas,andeventually___32___intoocean.Butabout8millionmetrictonsofplasticwastewashesofflandintooceaneachyear.Oncethere,itbeginsto___33___untilitturnsintosmallfragmentsknownasmicro-plastics.Plasticsarethreat,becausetheydegradeslowly,trapseacreatures,damagehabitatslikecoralreefs,andare___34___bymarineanimals.Researchershavedocumentedtheimpactsofplasticonover650differentmarinespecies—includingseaturtles,seals,whales,dolphins，porpoises,seabirds,andfish.OnWorldOceansDay,wemustrememberthatthehealthandsafetyofouroceansisourcollective，onethatwecannotaffordtoneglect.Onlythroughstewardshipcanwesafeguardthehealthofouroceans,andensurethattheoceanscontinuetomeettheneedsoffuturegenerations.21.A.makesestablishes

B.observesC.D.22.A.impact23.A.promoting

B.energyB.defending

C.effortC.preventing

D.attemptD.protecting24.A.carry25.A.abundance

B.wrapB.effect

C.involveC.influence

D.coverD.feature-9-

26.A.destroy27.A.accessible

B.improveB.indispensable

C.damageC.harmful

D.spoilD.available28.A.certainty29.A.revolution

B.doubtB.contribution

C.phenomenonC.resolution

D.symptomD.distribution30.A.hardly31.A.importance32.A.makesitsway

B.barelyB.concernB.losesits

C.nearlyC.valueC.fightsitsway

D.heavilyD.priorityD.goesitsownway33.A.breakoutthrough34.A.digestedswallowed35.A.source

B.breakdownC.breakintoD.breakB.dislikedC.D.B.resourceC.responsibilityD.wealth【答案】21.B22.A23.24.D25.A26.B27.B28.A29.C30.D31.B32.A33.B34.35.【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了今年世界海洋日的主题以及严重威胁海洋健康的塑料污染问题。【21题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意6月8，世界上许多国家都在庆祝联合国世界海洋日6月8日是联合国世界海洋日makes制作observes

庆祝watches观establishes建立。根据本空后的“theUnitedNationsWorldOceansDay”可知，月8日世界上许多国家都在庆祝联合国世界海洋日，故B项正。【22题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这节日是为了提醒人们世界上的海洋对地球上所有的生命是多么重要，来庆祝它们的美丽，并引起人们对人类活动对海洋的影响的关注impact

影响；B.energy能；C.effort努力；attempt尝。haveimpacton表“……有影响”，故A项正。【23题解】-10-

考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年的主题是“我的海洋，我们的未来”特别强调寻找塑料污染的解决方案，为了更健康的海洋和更美好的未来防止海洋垃圾A.promoting提升B.defending防；preventing防止阻止D.protecting保护根据本空后“marinelitterforahealthieroceanandbetterfuture.可知，此处是说为了更健康的海洋和更美好的未来防止海洋垃圾，故C项确。【24题解】考查动词词义辨析句世上的海洋几乎占地球表面的四分之三carry搬B.wrap缠绕involve包D.cover覆大面积据本空后“nearlythreefourthsoftheEarth'ssurface”可知海洋几乎占地球表面的四分之三，故D项正。【25题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们产生我们所需的一半以上的氧气，帮助调节我们的气候，吸收二氧化碳，支持我们星球上大量的生命A.abundance丰富、大量；B.效；influence影feature特常识可知上很多生命依靠海洋生存of表“许多多”故A项确。【26题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：地球上近一半的物种依靠海洋生存，而对包括人类在内的许多其他物种来说，海洋改善了生活质量A.destroy破坏B.improve改、改进C.damage损害；掠。根据空后“thequalityof可知，海洋改善了包括人类在内的许多其他物种的生活质量，故B项正确。【27题解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海洋对世界经济也是不可或缺的，因为它们是交通和娱乐的关键。accessible可入的；B.indispensable绝必要的、不可或缺的C.harmful有害的；available可得到的根据空后的原因可知，海洋对世界经济也是不可或缺的，故B项确。【28题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于95%以上的水下区域仍未被探索，几乎可以肯定的是，它们的深处蕴藏着许多疾病的治疗方法和许多问题的解决方法A.certainty必；doubt疑问；C.phenomenon现；symptom症状。因为有那么广阔的区域还未被探索，所以几乎可以肯定海洋深处蕴藏着许多疾病的治疗方法和许多问题的解决方法，故A项确。【29题解】-11-

考查名词词义辨析同revolution命contribution贡；C.resolution解决、决议D.distribution分配。resolutionto表示“…的解决办法”，C项确。【30题解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，世界上多40%海洋受到人类活动的严重影响，这些活动导致污染过捕捞和沿海栖息的丧失A.hardly

几乎不B.barely仅C.nearly将近；严地。根据本空后“affectedbyhumanactivitiesthatpollution,over-fishing,andlossofcoastalhabitats”知，海洋受到人类活动的严重影响，故D项确。【31题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：特别令人关注的是塑料垃圾A.importance重性；B.concern担心、关注C.value价；priority先。上文说人类活动给海洋带来了很多问题，特别令人关注的是塑料垃圾，Ofparticularconcern示“特别值得关注的是”，故B项确。【32题解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：其中一些塑料垃圾来自使用我们的河流、湖泊和海洋的船只，并最终进入海洋。A.makesitswayinto进入B.losesitsway迷；fightsits奋力前进；itsown独自行动。上文说塑料垃圾是最令人关注的海洋污染问题，此处指塑料垃圾进入海洋，故A项正确。33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦进入海洋，它就开始分解，直到变成被称为微塑料的小碎片。A.breakout爆发；breakdown解；breakinto闯入；breakthrough突。根据空后的“untilitturnsintosmallfragmentsknown”知，进入海洋后，塑料垃圾就开始分解，故正确，【34题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：塑料是一个严重的威胁，因为它们降解非常缓慢，会困住海洋生物，破坏珊瑚礁等栖息地，并被海洋动物吞食A.消化；disliked不欢C.enjoyed喜；D.swallowed吞下根据空后“bymarineanimals”可知，塑料会被海洋动物吞食，故D项正。【35题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们必须牢记）海洋的健康和安全是我们所有人的责任。-12-

A.source

来源；B.resource资源C.responsibility责D.wealth财富。海洋对地球上的生物非常重要，所以保护海洋的健康和安全是我们每个人的责任，故C项确。B(22%)：Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralorfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedB,D,theonefitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninpassageyouhaveread.WASHINGTON—Whatparentdoesn’twanthisorherchildtobebetter,faster,smarter,morecapable?Evenhumanparentsdothat,arobotthatbuildsitsownchildrencan.ScientistsatUniversityofCambridgeinEnglandhavecreatedamotherrobotthatnotonlyconstructsitsownchildren,butteststheirperformance.It'saroboticversionofnature’survivaloffittest.Themotherrobotanalyzestheperformanceofeachof“children”itandincorporatespreferentialtraitsintothegeneration.“Asthemothercreatesthemandputsthemwork,sheevaluateshowrebehaving,andsheusesdatafromthisbehaviortocreatethenextgenerationofrobots,”explainedresearchscientistAndresRosendo.There'snohumanintervention,exceptforacomputercommandcreaterobotcapableofmovingfromoneplacetoanother.motherbuildsitschildrenbygluingtogetherpieceswithsmallmotorsinside,indifferentconfigurations.Thenitwatcheshowchildrenmove,keepingthedesignsofthethatmovedthefastest.“Themotherrobotcanactuallybuildhundredsofchildrobotsandtheperformanceofthesechildrobots.Andiftheirperformanceisgood,keeptheirdesignforthenextgeneration.Andifbad,justletit，FumiyaIida,leadresearcher.Themotivationtoproducebetterchildreniscontrolledbytheresearchteam,whichprovidesanincentive.“Weprogramtherobotbasedonsomefunctionsthatdefinetherewardrobot-13-

..isgoingtoget,dependingontheconstructionthattheymake.Theycannotchangetheirownreward.Inthecaseofthechildrobot,distance,sothelongerthedistancetherobotwalks，thebetterthereceives,”saidRosendo.Afterseveralgenerations，the“children”arerunningtwiceasfast.“Themotherrobotgenerated500robotsseewhichoneisgoodandwhichoneisbad,”saidIida.Theresearcherssuggestthemachinescouldbeusedinanautoplant,example,whererobotcamerasexamineeachintheassemblyline,evaluateanymistakes,andthendesignabettercar.36.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____.A.humanparentscan'tmoldtheirchildtobecapableB.amotherrobotcanbuilditsownchildrenindependentofanyhumaninterventionC.amotherrobottendstoincorporateallchildrenstraitsintothenextgenerationD.thelawofsurvivaloftheappliestotherobotworld37.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Therewardachildrobotreceivesdependsontheitwalks.B.ThemotherrobotcanruntwicefasterthanchildC.Achildrobotcanchooseitsownrewardaslongasbehaveswell.D.Therobotsareusedinacartobettercars.38.Theunderlinedword“configurationsinPbablymeans_______.A.frameworksC.systems

B.figuresD.locations39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MotherRobotBuildsItsOwnChildrenC.AWalkingRobot

B.ANewGenerationofRobotsD.ACleverRobot【答案】36.D37.A38.A39.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国发明了一种机器人母亲，这种机器人不仅能自己制造孩子，-14-

还能测试孩子的表现。【36题解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“aroboticversionofnature’ssurvivalofthe”可知，这是大自然“者生存”的机器人版本，也就是说适者生存法则也适用于机器人世界，故D项确。【37题解】细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中“Inofthechildrobot,sdistance,sothelongerthedistancetherobot，thebettertherewarditreceives,”知，儿童机器人走的距离越长，它得到的奖励就越多，也就是说儿童机器人获得的奖励取决于它行走的距离，故A项确。【38题解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的Thenitwatcheshowquicklythemove,keepingdesignsoftheonesthatmovedthefastest可知，机器人母亲通过将内部装有不同配置的电机部件粘合在一起来制造孩子，然后它观察孩子们移动的速度，保留那些移动最快的设计，也就是说因为配置不同，才能区分出移动速度的快慢，由此可知，画线词词义“配置、结构”故A项确。【39题解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的

“Englandhavecreatedarobotthatnotonlyconstructsitsownchildren,butteststheirperformance.”可知，英国发明了一种机器人母亲，这种机器人不仅能自己制造孩子，还能测试孩子的表现，下文就介绍了机器人母亲是如何制造出最好的孩子的，故A项确。【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第3题，据画线词后的“Thenitwatcheshowquicklythechildrenmove,keepingthedesignstheonesthatmovedthefastest”可知，机器人母亲制造完孩子后它观察孩子们移动的速度，保留那些移动最快的设计，由此可知，她是通过将内部装有不同配置的电机部件来制造孩子的，只有配置不同，才能区分出移动速度的快慢，由此可知，画线词词义“置、结构”。(B)Manyofusstartthedaybycommuting,ortravelling,towork.Weoffourchildrenatschool.Wemayvisitdoctororgotothemarkettofood.We-15-

hometoseeourfamilies.Peoplewholiveinbigcitiesspendalotoftimetalkingabouttraffic.Therearesometermsyouneedtalkingaboutit.Onesuchtermgridlock.Gridlockiswhennobodycangoanywhere.Theroadsbecomeonebigparkinglot.Thereisalsostop-and-starttraffic.Thisisyoumoveforwardlittle,butthenstop.Movelittle.Thenstop.Bothareequallystressful.Trafficcanbebumper-to-bumper.Thismeanstherearesomanycarstheroadthattheirbumpersseemtobetouching.Toidlemeanstheengineofyourcarisrunning,butyouarenotmoving...anywhere.Anothertermtoknowisrushtraffic.traffichappensataboutthesametimeeveryday—peoplearecommutingtowork.Then,whatcancitiesdototrafficproblems?Onethingcitiescandoistosupplymorepublictransportation.Letusnowtakeaatthetheworsttrafficintheworld—Jakarta.Jakarta'smetropolitanistoabout24millionpeople.Butonly13percentofalltripsonpublictransportation.InvestmentinpublictransportinIndonesianbeganin2004.WorkersarebuildingthefirstpartofpublictransportknownastheMassRapidTransitrailway.Anotherthingcitiescandotolimittrafficistochargemoneydriveincertainpartsofthecity.Nextyear,Jakartaplanstostartchargingdriversmoretotravelontwoheavilycongestedroads.Jakartaofficialshavealsobannedmotorcyclesthemainroadsthecity.UntilcitieswithtrafficproblemsfindwaystogetpeoplefromPointAtoPointBmoreefficiently,theycanonlyenvyTampere,FinlandRotterdam,intheNetherlands.Researcheshavefoundthatthesetwocitieshavethefastestmovingtraffic.40.Whichofthefollowingtermsrefersthesituationinwhichyoucannotmoveyourcaratall?-16-

A.stop-and-startC.gridlock

B.bumper-to-bumperD.rushhourtraffic41.Toreducetrafficproblems,candoofthefollowingEXCEPT________.A.encouragecitizenstowalkfromoneplacetoanotherB.chargedriversmoneydrivingincertainpartsofthecityC.prohibitmotorcyclesfromthemainroadsthecityD.investmoreintransportation42.Whatisthe’purposeofwritingthefirstparagraph?A.Toshowthatwearealwaysverybusy.B.Toshowthatweloveourchildrenverymuch.C.Toshowthatwearehardworking.D.Toshowthatwehavetousethetrafficquiteoften.【答案】40.C41.A42.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个与交通问题有关的术语以及一些减少交通问题的方法。【40题解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Gridlockisnobodycangoanywhere.Theroadsbecomeonebigparkinglot.”知，交通全面堵塞（gridlock）是指没人能去任何地方。道路变成了一个大停车场，由此可知，在交通全面堵塞的情况下你根本移动不了你的车，故C项正确。【41题解】细节理解题。根据Then,candototrafficproblems?部的内容可知，减少交通问题的方法包括加大对公共交通的投资、在城市的某些地方开车要收费以及禁止摩托车在城市的主要道路上行驶没有提到鼓励市民从一个地方步行到另一个地方故项正确。【42题解】推理判断题。第一段介绍了在日常生活中我们使用交通工具的很多常见的情况，由此可知第一段就是为了表明我们必须经常使用交通工具，故D正确。(C)-17-

Recently,hackershaveattackedcomputerandthenreleasedinformationthatmanypeoplethoughtwassecure.ThishappenedtothetopleadershipintheU.S.DefenseDepartment.HackersgainedentrytotheemailsystemoftheJointChiefsofStaff’soffice.attackeddatingwebsiteandthenamesofpeopleseekingrelationsoutsidetheirmarriage.Thisshockedtheusers,whothoughtthewebsitewassecure.TheNATOCooperativeCyberDefenseCenterExcellenceisworkingtokeepNATOonlineactivitiesGeneralPhilipBreedloveisthetopcommanderoftheS.EuropeanCommand.HesaidtheCyberDefenseCenterisworkingtocomputertechnologysaferforalloftheNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization.ThecenterprovidescybersecuritydefenseandpolicyinterestedNATOmembers.“WhenitcomestotheNATOnetworksandhowwefighttogetherasNATO,thereare28doorstothisalliance.Ifoneofthosedoorsiswideopen,thealliancewideopen.”Thecenteralsoprovidesassistancetootherpartnercountries,universitiesandevenprivatebusinesses.ThegeneralspokelastweekendataNATOmeetinginTurkey.FinancingforthecentercomesnotfromNATO,butfromvolunteerOfficialssaythecenter’workhasanimportantinimprovingthealliance'scyber-defensecapabilities.Eachyear,thealliancecarriesoutwargameinwhichNATOforcestrytoprotectamake-believecountryfromcyberattack.centerprovidesthefakecountry'scomputernetwork.Participatingnationsmustandstrengthenthatnetwork.LauriAasmannisthechiefofcenter'sLawandPolicyBranch.Mr,AasmannsaystechnologydifferentNATOcountriesarecriticaltodefensebuilding.“Westronglybelievethatinordertobuildorhavegooddefense,youshouldunderstandhowtheattackworks,howtheoffenseworks.”ThecenterworksoutofanoldbuildinginthesmallEstonia.Itmay-18-

,,seemlikeanunusualchoiceanexercise.However,EstoniaisamongthebestplacesintheworldforInternetaccess.Wirelessconnectionsareavailablealmosteverywhere,eveninunexpectedplaces,likeinsidebusesandoronapublicArecentthenon-profitgroupFreedomHouseratesEstoniaworldwideforInternetfreedom.Incomparison,theUnitedStateswasfifthonlist.InEstonia,bankingisdonemostlyonline.Estonianssaytheyrarelycarrymoney.Mostgovernmentbusinesselectronically.ButEstoniansknowfromexperiencethatacyberattacktheirInternetcouldcausehugeproblems.Amassivecyberattack2007knockedoutInternetaccesstobanksministries,parliamentandotherorganizationsdays.TheattacktookplaceduringEstonia'sdisputewithRussiaabouttherelocationofamarkercalledtheBronzeSoldierofTallinn.ManyblamedtheattackonRussia,whichEstoniaseasternneighbor.Sincethen,Estonianofficialshaveremainedonguardtopreventanddefeatcyberattacksagainstthecountryanditsallies.43.FromthefirstparagraphweknowthatA.hackersentrytoemailsystemofadatingwebsiteB.usersofadatingwebsitewerefaithfultotheirspousesC.thecomputersystemsoftheU.S.DefenseDepartmentweretoosecuretobeD.manypeopleusedtoworryaboutthesafetyoftheirinformationinthe44.WhichofthefollowingabouttheCyberDefenseCenterisTRUE?A.ItsmaintaskistoonlineactivitiessaferforNATOcountries.B.Itprovidescybersecuritydefenseandpolicyadvicetoallthecountries.C.ItprovidesassistancetoonlyAmericanuniversitiesandprivatebusinesses.D.ItisfinancedbyNATOaswellasvolunteernations.45.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEstoniais________.A.firstonthelistofInternetfreedomB.amongcountrieswiththeeasiestaccesstoInternetC.anidealplacetodoexercises-19-

D.acountrywherepeopletocarrycashwiththem46.ItissupposedthatRussiashouldberesponsiblefor________.A.attackingEstonianbanks,ministries,parliamentB.disputingwithC.therelocationofaD.amassiveattackin2007【答案】43.B44.A45.B46.【解析】本文是一篇说明文，由最近黑客还攻击了一个交友网站这一事件入手介绍了北约国家的网络安全问题。【43题解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hackersalsoattackedwebsiteandreleasedthenamesofpeopleseekingrelationsoutsidetheirmarriage.”可知，黑客还攻击了一个交友网站，并公布了那些寻求婚外情的人的名字，由此可知，交友网站的用户对他们的配偶不忠诚，故B项确。【44题解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“NATOCooperativeCyberDefenseCenterofExcellenceisworkingtokeepNATOonlineactivities可知，北约合作网络防御卓越中心正在努力确保北约网络活动的安全，也就是说它的主要任务是确保北约国家的网络活动更加安全，故项正。【45题解】推理判断题据数第二段中“However,isamongthebestplacesintheworldforInternetaccess.”可知，沙尼亚是世界上网络接入最好的国家之一，也就是说爱沙尼亚互是网络接入最容易的国家之一，故B正确。【46题解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ManytheattackonRussia,whichisEstonia’seasternneighbor.”可知，很多人把2007一次大会规模的网络攻击归咎于爱沙尼亚的邻邦俄罗斯，也就是说俄罗斯应对2007年次大会规模的网络攻击负责，故项正。SectionC(8%)-20-

：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentenceinthebox.Each,canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomorethanyouneed.Anopinionpollwas