高三下学期开学摸底考试卷A（全国甲卷）

绝密★考试结束前2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷A（全国甲卷）英语（测试时间：120分钟卷面总分：150分）注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。2.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。WhatdoesthemansuggestthewomanbuyforThomson?AmusicCD.???????B.Abookofpoetry.???????C.AnEnglishnovel.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?Abusstation.???????B.Apalace.???????C.Abookstore.Howlongdoesthemanhavetowaitforthenexttrain?5minutes.???????B.45minutes.???????C.50minutes.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?Takethefitnessclass.???????B.PickupPeter.???????C.Giveheraride.Whatdoesthewomanmean?AnneisclevererandmorediligentthanJulia.Juliadoesn’twanttobeadancer.AnneandJuliaarebothfamous.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?Inacar.????? ? B.Athome.??????? C.Inahotel.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?Checkamap.??????? B.Findanotherroute.?????? C.Bookaroom.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。Whydoesthemancallthewoman?Tomakeanappointment.Toputoffanappointment.Toconfirmanappointment.Whatwillthewomandotomorrowmorning?Attendameeting.??????? B.Receiveavisitor.??????? C.Workonareport.WhenwillthewomanseeDr.Parker?At1:15p.m.??????? B.At2:00p.m.?????? C.At4:00p.m.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheapartment?Itisalittleexpensive.???????B.C.Itdoesn’thaveanelevator.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?Seetheapartment.???????B.Gotothegym.???????C.Workovertime.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Husbandandwife.???????B.Friends.???????C.Landlordandrenter.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?Thelandscapesintheircountries.Thefamousscenicspotsintheircountries.Thegoodplacesforsportsintheircountries.Whatarethehillslikeintheman’scountry?Theyareextremelyhigh.Theyareinthesouthwestofthecountry.Theyarealllessthan1,000metershigh.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofhercountry’scoast?Itislong.??????? B.Itisvaried.??????? C.Itisflat.Whatdoestheman’scountryhave?Manylakes.??????? B.Manywaterfalls.?????? ?C.Manyrivers.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。WhenwasTommyborn?In1898.???????B.In1909.???????C.In1911.TowhatdoesSheilaoweTommy’shealth?Helpfromthevet.Largeamountsofnursingfee.Loveandahealthydiet.WhatdoweknowaboutHermann’stortoises?Theyareendangerednow.Theyaren’tclosetotheirowners.Mostofthemtypicallylivetobe100.听力答案：???1—5?ACBBA???6—10??ABCBA???11—15??CBBAC??16—20??BCACA备注：听力文字稿附在文档末尾第二部分阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。A4StudyandHomeworkAppsforAndroid!BrainlyPrice：Free/$15per3months/$24peryearBrainlyisasocialnetworkforlearners.Yousignup,askquestions,andgetanswers(usually).Additionally,youcanbrowsethesite,answerotherpeople'squestions,andhelpthemoutaswell.Theychargeonaquarterbasis($15)orayearlybasis($24).ForestPrice:Free/Upto$1.99Forestisadifferenttypeofapp.Oneofthebiggestdistractionsduringstudyisyoursmartphone.Foresthelpsputastoptothat.Youopentheappandatreegrows.Thetreediesifyouleavetheapp.Thus,thereisalittlemotivationtoleavethethingalonewhileyoustudyordohomework.GooglePlayBooksPrice:Freeapp,bookcostsvaryGooglePlayBooksisanexcellentsourceoflearningmaterial.Sometimesyourtextbookjustisn'tenoughandappslikethishaveplentyofadditionalresources.Bookscostmoneyobviously.However,youonlypayforthemonce.Booksareavailableofflineonyoursmartphoneortablet.QuizletPrice:Free/$19.99peryearQuizletisoneofthemostpopularflashcardappsforlanguagelearning.Youcancreateflashcardsplaymemorygames,andevenshareflashcardswithclassmates.Italsosupports18languagesforaboutanysubjectortopic.Thefreeversionshouldworkjustfineforsimpleuses,though.Thepremiumversioncosts$19.99peryear,whichisn'texpensiveforastudyaid.21.WhatisspecialaboutForest?A.Itanswersyourquestions. B.Ithelpskeepyoufocused.C.Itprovidestextbooksforyourstudy. D.Itmotivatesyoutoplantmoretrees.22.Whichappcanyouchoosetolearnlanguages?A.Brainy B.ForestC.Quizlet D.GooglePlayBooks23.Whatdotheseappshaveincommon?A.Theyhaveenoughlearningresources. B.Theyaredesignedtodohomeworkquickly.C.TheyhavenoadvertisementsD.Theychargeforsomeservices.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个安卓系统的学习应用程序。21.细节理解题。根据Forest部分中“Oneofthebiggestdistractionsduringstudyisyoursmartphone.Foresthelpsputastoptothat.(学习时最大的干扰之一就是你的智能手机。Forest有助于阻止发生这种情况)”可知，Forest的特别之处是能够帮助你集中注意力。故选B。22.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Quizletisoneofthemostpopularflashcardappsforlanguagelearning.(Quizlet是最受欢迎的语言学习抽认卡应用程序之一)”可知，Quizlet是为语言学习者设计的。故选C。23.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Price:Free/15per3months/24peryear(价格：免费/3个月15美元/每年24美元)”；第二段中“Price:Free/Upto1.99(价格：免费/最高1.99美元)”；第三段中“Price:Freeapp,bookcostsvary(价格：免费的应用程序，书的价格不同)”及第四段中“Price:Free/19.99peryear(价格：免费/$19.99每年)”等信息可知，这四个应用程序的共同点是都要收取一些服务费。故选D。BWhileDisneyanimationsaresuccessfulinmovingtheiraudiences,theirsubsidiary（子公司）Pixarisexpertatcreatingtear-jerkingmoviesaswell.Atfirstsight,itisremarkablethatthesemoviesmakeuscry—themaincharactersarecartooncharacters,inmostcasesnotevenhumanbeings,whodothingsthatcouldevidentlyneverhappenintherealworld:toyscometolife,monstersaretoscaresleepingchildren,andhelium-balloon-poweredhousestraveltheworld.Howcanastorysounrealisticmakeuscaresomuchabouttheiranimatedmaincharacters?ThePixarcreatorsexplainedthattheirstoriesoftenreflecttheirownpersonallives.Whereastheanimatedcharactersarefarfromreal,theirlivesarerelatable.Themagicalingredientistherealisticportrayalofthecomplexemotionallivesofthecharacters.AsPixardirectorPeteDoctorexplains:“Whatyou’retryingtodo,whenyoutellastory,istowriteaboutaneventinyourlifethatmadeyoufeelaparticularway.Andwhatyou’retryingtodo,whenyoutellastory,istogettheaudiencetohavethatsamefeeling.Whilethisistrueforstorytellingingeneral,itisespeciallyimportantinPixarmovies,giventhatthebasicplotsoftheirmoviescannothappeninreallife.”WhatmakesPixar’shighlyunrealisticstoriesbelievableisthefactthattheyaddressproblemsthatarecentraltoourownlives.Pixaraddressesrealhumanmatterssuchasfamily,friendship,death,loss,andthehighlyrealisticemotionsthatsucheventsevokeinourlife.Theeffectofthestorythusdependsonthehumancapacitytoempathizewithothers:torecognizewhichemotionsothersexperience,andtounderstandwhyothersfeelhowtheyfeel.Thefactthatempathyislearnedanddevelopedthroughlifemaywellbethereasonwhythesemoviesareentertainingforkidsbutratherdevastatingandheart-crushingforadults.EveryPixarmoviehasthemomentwhenwecry.Welearnandfeelwiththecharactersthroughtherealisticportrayaloftheiremotionallives.Thestoriesappealtoourdeepestemotionsand,thus,makeuscry.Because,essentially,Pixarstoriesareaboutus.24.WhichrealissuemaynotbedealtwithinPixar’smovies?A.Familyconflicts. B.Romanticlove.C.Apoliticalissue. D.Thebetrayalofafriend.25.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ThePixar’smoviesarenotonlyentertainingforkidsbutalsoheart-breakingforadults.B.PixarcancreatetouchingmoviesbecauseofthesupportfromDisney.C.BoththerealisticemotionsandrealhumanmattersareshownvividlyinPixar’stear-jerkingmovies.D.Peoplecanfindempathymoreeasilyinanimationmoviesthaninanyothermovies.26.ThekeyreasonforthesuccessofPixar’smoviesliesin_________.A.empathyoftheaudienceB.thedelicatefilmdesignC.theadorablecartooncharactersD.goodtasteoftheaudience27.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoMakeUnrealisticStoriesBelievable?B.HowDoDisneyPixarMoviesMakeUsCry?C.WhyAreHumanEasilyAttractedbyMovies?D.WhatMakesDisneyPixarMoviesSuccessful?【答案】24.C25.C26.A27.B【解析】【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了皮克斯电影感动观众的原因。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“thefactthattheyaddressproblemsthatarecentraltoourownlives.Pixaraddressesrealhumanmatterssuchasfamily,friendship,death,loss,andthehighlyrealisticemotionsthatsucheventsevokeinourlife.(他们解决的问题与我们的生活息息相关。皮克斯讲述的是真实的人类问题，如家庭、友谊、死亡、失去，以及这些事件在我们生活中唤起的高度现实的情感。)”可知，皮克斯电影解决的问题都是围绕着我们的生活，讨论真正与人有关的问题，如家庭、友谊、死亡、失去和一些尤为真实的情感。而politicalissues（政治问题），文章中未提及其是否在皮克斯电影中有所涉及。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Themagicalingredientistherealisticportrayalofthecomplexemotionallivesofthecharacters.(其神奇之处在于对人物复杂情感生活的逼真刻画。)”和第五段“WhatmakesPixar’shighlyunrealisticstoriesbelievableisthefactthattheyaddressproblemsthatarecentraltoourownlives.(皮克斯极不现实的故事之所以可信，是因为它们解决了我们生活中的核心问题。)”可知，在皮克斯电影中，人类复杂的情感生活和生活中出现的真实问题都展现得淋漓尽致。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Theeffectofthestorythusdependsonthehumancapacitytoempathizewithothers.(因此，故事的效果取决于人类对他人的移情能力。)”和“Thefactthatempathyislearnedanddevelopedthroughlifemaywellbethereasonwhythesemoviesareentertainingforkidsbutratherdevastatingandheart-crushingforadults.(同理心是在生活中学习和发展的，这可能就是为什么这些电影对孩子来说很有趣，但对成年人来说却是毁灭性和心碎的原因。)”可知，皮克斯电影获得成功的关键原因很可能是观众具备共情的能力。故选A。【27题详解】标题归纳题。本文为说明文，从第三段开始讨论的都是皮克斯电影之所以让人动情的原因，即最后一段的最后一句“Thestoriesappealtoourdeepestemotionsand,thus,makeuscry.Because,essentially,Pixarstoriesareaboutus.(这些故事触动了我们最深层的情感，因此，让我们哭泣。因为，本质上，皮克斯的故事是关于我们的。)”。故B选项“HowDoDisneyPixarMoviesMakeUsCry?(迪士尼皮克斯电影是如何让我们哭的？)”。概括文章主要内容。故选B。CCityparkshavelongbeenaplaceforurbanresidentstogetasmallamountofgreen.Ascitiesincreasinglyfeeltheimpactsofrisingseasandtemperatures,peoplearerethinkingtherolesofurbanparks.Allofthedark-grayasphalt(沥青)incitiescollectheat.Dallasisoneofthecountry’sfastest-warmingcitiesthanksinparttoitsextensiveimpervious(不透水的)surfaces,butwithanew$312millionbondpackage,thecityishopingtochangethat.Usingsatellitedata,thecityisabletoseewhatneighborhoodsmostneedthecoolingeffectofgreenspaces.Citiesareincreasinglyfloodingandcityplannersthinkparkscanhelpwiththisissuetoo.AreportpublishedinFebruarybyTheNatureConservancylookedatthebestwaystodealwithfloodinginHouston,acitywithmanyneighborhoodsbuiltonfloodplainsandregularlyfloodedbyrisingwaters.Offeringaffectedhomeownersbuyoutsandtransforminghomesintogreenspaceswouldsavemoremoneythaninstallinginfrastructure(基础设施)likepipes,theyfound.BrendanShane,aclimateprogramdirector,saysparkscancreateopportunitiesforpeopletoexerciseandplay,inadditiontocoolingneighborhoodsandabsorbingfloodwater.“Thestrongerthebondsarefromneighbortoneighbor,thebettertheyareabletoreacttoashock,”hesays.“Notasinglesolutionbyitselfwillavoidtheclimatecrisis.Weseeparksasanimportantpartofit,butthereisn’tasilverbullet,”saysDianeRegas,CEOofTheTrustforPublicLand.“Parksareanexampleofwhatweintheenvironmentalcommunityneedtodotoreachsolutionsthataddressclimatechangeatthesametimeandmakepeople’slivesbetter.”28．WhatdoesthecityDallaswanttodealwith?A．Thelackofgreenspaces. B．Thewayofcollectingheat.C．Theeffectofrisingseas. D．Thebondbetweenneighborhoods.29．WhatcanbeinferredfromthereportbyTheNatureConservancy?A．Citiesintheworldarefrequentlyflooded. B．Cityparksmayhelppreventcityflooding.C．Citiesneedn’tinvestmuchmoneyininfrastructure. D．Cityparksaffectpeople’schoiceofaneighborhood.30．WhatdoesBrendanShanesayaboutparks?A．Theycanenablepeopletogetoverashock. B．Theycanreduceairpollutioneffectively.C．Theycanperformpositivesocialfunctions. D．Theycanhelppeopletokeepacoolhead.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asliverbullet”inParagraph5mean?A．Afastandeffectivesolution. B．Asuccessfulexample.C．Animmediateandclearcause. D．Animpracticalmethod.【答案】28．A29．B30．C31．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，随着城市出现的问题，人们正在重新思考城市公园的作用，让公园成为人们锻炼和玩耍、为社区降温和吸收洪水的地方。28．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Allofthedark-grayasphalt(沥青)incitiescollectheat.Dallasisoneofthecountry’sfastest-warmingcitiesthanksinparttoitsextensiveimpervious(不透水的)surfaces(城市里所有的深灰色沥青都会收集热量。达拉斯是美国变暖速度最快的城市之一)”和“Usingsatellitedata,thecityisabletoseewhatneighborhoodsmostneedthecoolingeffectofgreenspaces.(利用卫星数据，该市能够看到哪些社区最需要绿地的降温效果)”可知，达拉斯是美国变暖速度最快的城市之一，需要绿地来降温，可得出达拉斯市要应对缺乏绿地的问题。故选A项。29．推理判断题。由第三段“Citiesareincreasinglyfloodingandcityplannersthinkparkscanhelpwiththisissuetoo.AreportpublishedinFebruarybyTheNatureConservancylookedatthebestwaystodealwithfloodinginHouston,acitywithmanyneighborhoodsbuiltonfloodplainsandregularlyfloodedbyrisingwaters.Offeringaffectedhomeownersbuyoutsandtransforminghomesintogreenspaceswouldsavemoremoneythaninstallinginfrastructure(基础设施)likepipes,theyfound.(城市越来越多地被洪水淹没，城市规划者认为公园也可以帮助解决这个问题。2月，自然保护协会发布了一份报告，探讨了应对休斯顿洪水的最佳方法，休斯顿市的许多社区都建在洪泛平原上，经常被上涨的洪水淹没。他们发现，与安装管道等基础设施相比，为受影响的房主提供买断，并将房屋改造成绿色空间，将节省更多资金)”可知，针对像休斯顿这样容易被洪水淹没的城市，应对洪水的最佳方法是建设更多的绿色空间，可得出城市公园可能有助于防止城市洪水。故选B项。30．细节理解题。由第四段中的“BrendanShane,aclimateprogramdirector,saysparkscancreateopportunitiesforpeopletoexerciseandplay,inadditiontocoolingneighborhoodsandabsorbingfloodwater.(气候项目主任布伦丹·沙恩说，公园可以为人们创造锻炼和玩耍的机会，此外还可以为社区降温和吸收洪水)”可知，布伦丹·沙恩认为城市公园于人与社会都有好处，城市公园可以发挥积极的社会功能。故选C项。31．词句猜测题。由第五段中的“Notasinglesolutionbyitselfwillavoidtheclimatecrisis.Weseeparksasanimportantpartofit,butthereisn’tasilverbullet(没有一个单一的解决方案能够避免气候危机。我们认为公园是其中的一个重要部分，但没有什么asilverbullet)”和“Parksareanexampleofwhatweintheenvironmentalcommunityneedtodotoreachsolutionsthataddressclimatechangeatthesametimeandmakepeople’slivesbetter.(公园是我们环保界需要做的事情的一个例子，以达成解决方案，同时应对气候变化，改善人们的生活)”可知，应对气候危机没有单一的解决方案，建设城市公园只是应对气候危机的一环，总之没有快速有效的解决方案，asliverbullet在此处意为“快速有效的解决方案（Afastandeffectivesolution）”。故选A项。DInastudypublishedinNatureMachineIntelligence,researchersatOhioStateUniversityshowhowartificialintelligence(AI)canfollowclinicaltrialstoidentifydrugsforrepurposing,asolutionthatcanhelpadvanceinnovativetreatments.Repurposingdrugsislegalandnotunusual.WhendoctorsprescribedrugsthathavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)forpurposesdifferentfromwhatisprintedonthelabels,thedrugsarebeingused“off-label”.JustbecauseadrugisFDA-approvedforaspecifictypeofdiseasedoesnotpreventitfromhavingpossiblebenefitsforotherpurposes.Forexample,Metformin,adrugthatisFDA-approvedfortreatingtype2diabetes,isalsousedtotreatPCOS(adiseaseofwomen),andotherdiseases.Trazodone,ananti-depressantwithFDA-approvaltotreatdepression,isalsoprescribedbydoctorstohelptreatpatientswithsleepissues.TheOhioStateUniversityresearchteamcreatedanAIdeeplearningmodelforpredictingtreatmentprobabilitywithpatientdataincludingthetreatment,outcomes,andpotentialconfounders(干扰因素).Confoundersarerelatedtotheexposureandoutcome.Forexample,aconnectionisidentifiedbetweenmusicfestivalsandincreasesinskinrashes(红疹).Musicfestivalsdonotdirectlycauseskinrashes.Inthiscase,onepossibleconfoundingfactorbetweenthetwomaybeoutdoorheat,asmusicfestivalstendtorunoutdoorswhenthetemperatureishigh,andheatisaknowncauseforrashes.Whenworkingwithreal-worlddata,confounderscouldnumberinthethousands.AIdeeplearningiswell-suitedtofindpatternsinthecomplexityofpotentiallythousandsofconfounders.Theresearcherteamusedconfoundersincludingpopulationdataandco-prescribeddrugs.Withthisproof-of-concept,nowclinicianshaveapowerfulAItooltorapidlydiscovernewtreatmentsbyrepurposingexistingmedications.32.Whatdoweknowaboutadrugusedoff-label?A.Itissoldwithoutalabel. B.Itisavailableatalowprice.C.Itsusesextendbeyondtheoriginal. D.Itsclinicaltrialsarerejectedbydoctors.33.WhatdoMetforminandTrazodonehaveincommon?A.Theyareusedoff-label. B.Theytreatrarediseases.C.Theyresultinsleepissues. D.Theyaremedicalbreakthroughs.34.Whatcanbeinferredabout“confounders"?A.Theyarepossibletreatments. B.Theyareenvironmentalfactors.C.Theycanbeeasilyrecognizedindata. D.Theyshouldbetakenintoconsideration.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.AIexaminesbenefitsofexistingdrugs. B.AIidentifiesoff-labelusesfordrugs.C.AIprovesthepowerofdrugresearch. D.AIfindsnewdrugsforcommondiseases.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在《自然机器智能》杂志上发表的一项研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员展示了人工智能（AI）如何能够跟踪临床试验，识别用于重新使用的药物，这一解决方案有助于推动创新治疗。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“WhendoctorsprescribedrugsthathavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)forpurposesdifferentfromwhatisprintedonthelabels,thedrugsarebeingused“off-label”.JustbecauseadrugisFDA-approvedforaspecifictypeofdiseasedoesnotpreventitfromhavingpossiblebenefitsforotherpurposes.(如果医生开出的药物是经食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的，其目的与标签上的目的不同，那么这些药物就被“标示外”使用了，仅仅因为一种药物被FDA批准用于特定类型的疾病并不妨碍它在其他用途上可能产生的益处。）)”可推断，“标示外”药物的用途超出了原来的用途。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“thedrugsarebeingused“off-label”.JustbecauseadrugisFDA-approvedforaspecifictypeofdiseasedoesnotpreventitfromhavingpossiblebenefitsforotherpurposes.(这些药物被"标示外"使用，仅仅因为一种药物被FDA批准用于某种特定类型的疾病，并不妨碍它在其他用途上可能有好处。)”和文章第三段“Forexample,Metformin,adrugthatisFDA-approvedfortreatingtype2diabetes,isalsousedtotreatPCOS(adiseaseofwomen),andotherdiseases.Trazodone,ananti-depressantwithFDA-approvaltotreatdepression,isalsoprescribedbydoctorstohelptreatpatientswithsleepissues.(例如，FDA批准用于治疗2型糖尿病的药物二甲双胍，也用于治疗多囊卵巢综合征（一种女性疾病）和其他疾病。曲唑酮是一种经美国食品及药物管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗抑郁症的抗抑郁药，医生也会开它来帮助治疗睡眠问题患者。)”可知，二甲双胍和曲唑酮的相似之处是这两种药物都在适应症外使用（标示外使用）。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“Whenworkingwithreal-worlddata,confounderscouldnumberinthethousands.AIdeeplearningiswell-suitedtofindpatternsinthecomplexityofpotentiallythousandsofconfounders.(在处理真实世界的数据时，干扰因素可能多达数千个。AI深度学习非常适合在潜在的成千万的干扰因素混合物中寻找模式。)”可推断，干扰因素应该被认真地考虑。故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“InastudypublishedinNatureMachineIntelligence,researchersatOhioStateUniversityshowhowartificialintelligence(AI)canfollowclinicaltrialstoidentifydrugsforrepurposing,asolutionthatcanhelpadvanceinnovativetreatments.(在《自然机器智能》杂志上发表的一项研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员展示了人工智能（AI）如何能够跟踪临床试验，识别用于重新使用的药物，这一解决方案有助于推动创新治疗。)”再结合下文内容可知，文章主要讲述人工智能识别药物标示外用途。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WaystoImproveYourselfby1%EachDayManypeopletreat“life”assomethingthathappenstothem.Theyarethevictim.____36____Andthentherearethosewhoareclearontheirgoals.Whensomethinggoeswrong,theyarethefirsttoadmitwheretheywentwrong.Howcanyoulivealifebydesigninsteadofbydefault?Setgoalsandactuallyachievethem____37____“NewYear’sResolutions”aretheworst(orbest)exampleofthis.It’seasytosetgoals,butveryfewpeoplefollowthroughwiththemtotheend.Peoplewholivebydesignpracticethehabitofsettinggoalsandactuallyachievingthem.Thisconstantpracticeiswhatallowsthemtosetbiggerandbiggergoalsandseethemthroughtocompletion.SurroundyourselfwithpeopleyouwanttobelikeChooseyourfriendscarefully.Astheysay,“____38____”Makesurethattheindividualswhooccupyyourlifeandtimeshareyourvalues.Ideally,thesepeopleshouldevenbealittlebitaheadofyou,forcingyoutostretchandcontinuetogrowinthedirectionyou’dliketogo.Don’tbeafraidtogoyourownwayWhenyougoyourownway,everyonewilltellyouthatyou'rewrongatfirst.Everyonewillpointandsharetheiropinionandthensomewheredowntheline,theywillallcomebackaround.____39____Andtheywillaskyouhowyoudidit.PracticedisciplineInorderforyoutogettowhereyouknowyoucango,youhavetosay“no”ahundredtimesmorethanyousaytheword“yes”.____40____Andtheonlywaytodosoistohaveastrongsenseofself-awarenessanddiscipline.A.Everybodysetsgoals.B.Theycreatethelifetheywanttolive.C.Somepeoplejustdon’tknowwhentoquit.D.Theywillseethelifeyou’vebuiltforyourself.E.Youmustbefaithfultoyourselfandyourgoal.F.Whenthingsgowrong,it’ssomeoneelse’sfault.G.Youareareflectionofthosewhoyouspendthemosttimewith.【答案】36.F37.A38.G39.D40.E【解析】本篇是说明文。文章主要介绍了四个每天提高自己1%的方法。【36题详解】根据上文“Manypeopletreat“life”assomethingthathappenstothem.Theyarethevictim.(许多人把“生活”看成发生在他们身上的事情。他们是受害者)”以及后文“Andthentherearethosewhoareclearontheirgoals.Whensomethinggoeswrong,theyarethefirsttoadmitwheretheywentwrong.(还有一些人很清楚自己的目标。当出现问题时，他们是第一个承认错误的人)”可知，上文提到许多人把自己当成受害者，后文则提到了主动承认错误的人，即本句承接上文进一步解释：当事情出错时，都是别人的错。故F选项“当事情出错时，是别人的错”符合语境，故选F。【37题详解】根据后文““NewYear’sResolutions”aretheworst(orbest)exampleofthis.It’seasytosetgoals,butveryfewpeoplefollowthroughwiththemtotheend.Peoplewholivebydesignpracticethehabitofsettinggoalsandactuallyachievingthem.Thisconstantpracticeiswhatallowsthemtosetbiggerandbiggergoalsandseethemthroughtocompletion.(“新年决心”是最坏（或最好）的例子。设定目标很容易，但很少有人会坚持到底。设计型的人养成了设定目标并实现目标的习惯。这种持续的练习能让他们设定越来越大的目标，并坚持到底)”可知，本段主要是关于设定目标并实现的问题，A选项中setsgoals对应后文中setgoals。故A选项“每个人都有自己的目标”符合语境，故选A。【38题详解】根据上文“Chooseyourfriendscarefully.(慎重选择你的朋友)”以及后文“Makesurethattheindividualswhooccupyyourlifeandtimeshareyourvalues.Ideally,thesepeopleshouldevenbealittlebitaheadofyou,forcingyoutostretchandcontinuetogrowinthedirectionyou’dliketogo.(确保那些占据你生活和时间的人与你有共同的价值观。理想情况下，这些人甚至应该走在你前面一点，迫使你伸展并继续朝着你想要的方向发展)”可知，本段指出交友慎重，选择自己想成为那样子的人作为朋友，所以此处应该填：你经常相处的朋友能看出你是一个怎样的人或者想成为怎样的一个人。故G选项“你能反映出你和谁在一起的时间最多”符合语境，故选G。【39题详解】根据上文“Whenyougoyourownway,everyonewilltellyouthatyou'rewrongatfirst.Everyonewillpointandsharetheiropinionandthensomewheredowntheline,theywillallcomebackaround.(当你走自己的路时，每个人一开始都会说你错了。每个人都会指出并分享他们的观点，然后在某个时候，他们都会回过头来)”以及后文“Andtheywillaskyouhowyoudidit.(他们会问你是怎么做到的)”可知，从上文可知，不要拘泥于别人的说辞，要坚持自己的选择。那些最初极力反对的人后来也会见证你的选择，并惊叹你所做到的一切。故D选项“他们会看到你为自己建立的生活”符合语境，故选D。【40题详解】根据上文“Inorderforyoutogettowhereyouknowyoucango,youhavetosay“no”ahundredtimesmorethanyousaytheword“yes”.(为了让你到达你知道你能到达的地方，你说“不”的次数要比你说“是”的次数多百倍)”以及后文“Andtheonlywaytodosoistohaveastrongsenseofself-awarenessanddiscipline.(而要做到这一点，唯一的方法就是要有强烈的自我意识和纪律性)”可知，本段主旨是要忠于做自己，忠于既定目标，我们必须要有强烈的自我意识和原则性纪律性。故E选项“你必须忠于你自己和你的目标”符合语境，故选E。笫三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Manyyearsago,IwasworkinginanofficeinHalifax,NovaScotia.Wehadlarge____41___thatlookoutoverabusystreet.Iwasstandingbyoneofthosewindowsonedaywhenawomanina____42___carlookedupandmadeeyecontact.NaturallyI____43___.Assheturnedandtriedtoidentifyme,aquietlaugh____44____mylips.Myco-workersbegantakinganinterest,andstoodbackwatchingthe____45___Ireceived,andlaughinghappily.Thenthestressofwork___46___away.Christmasapproached,andjob___47__wereannounced.Severalofmyco-workerswerelosingtheirjobs,andeveryonewas___48__.WhileIwasworkinganightshift,aredjacket,aboxoffoam(泡沫橡胶）packingandstripsoftapeinthecornerattractedmy__49___.TheycouldbeSanta’sjacketandbeard!ThenIfoldedaredfileintoa___50___andtiedthebeardtoit.ThenextdayIwalked___51___downintotheofficeinthecostume.Myco-workers___52____aroundmeandlaughedforthefirsttimeinweeks.Suddenly,mybosscametome,___53___,shookhisheadandthenleft.Ifeared____54___.Thenthephonerang.Withabeadofsweat___55___myforehead,Ienteredtheboss’office.__56___,helaughed:“Thanks,Mike!It’sbeenhardtoenjoytheChristmasseason.Thanksforthelaugh.I___57___it.”Thatevening,Istood__58____bythewindowandwavedatmyfans,withmyheart__59___withjoy.Forafewminutesofthatday,we’dbeenabletoforgetour___60____.41．A．balcony B．windows C．roof D．curtain42．A．working B．wandering C．passing D．following43．A．waved B．welcomed C．shouted D．shook44．A．obtained B．locked C．grasped D．escaped45．A．concerns B．feelings C．reactions D．actions46．A．gave B．turned C．washed D．carried47．A．loads B．time C．arrangement D．cuts48．A．depressed B．excited C．confused D．awkward49．A．notice B．attention C．appreciation D．consideration50．A．jacket B．tie C．vest D．hat51．A．sadly B．nervously C．embarrassedly D．bravely52．A．got B．gathered C．turned D．presented53．A．approached B．backedoff C．steppedin D．paused54．A．closure B．difficulty C．trouble D．mistake55．A．pulling B．rollingdown C．flowing D．movingon56．A．lastly B．Thus C．Instead D．However57．A．needed B．claimed C．declared D．shared58．A．proudly B．carefully C．hopefully D．silently59．A．filled B．covered C．equipped D．loaded60．A．weakness B．faults C．losses D．changes【答案】41—45：BCADC46—50:CDABD51—55:DBDCB56—60”DAAAC【解析】本文是一篇故事，讲述了作者在窗前经常给路人带来问候，在工作压力巨大时给同事们带来快乐的故事。41．考查名词辨析。A.balcony阳台；B.windows窗户；C.roof房顶；D.curtain窗帘。根据句中的lookoutoverabusystreet.和下文的standingbyoneofthosewindows和Istood__53___bythewindow可知是从窗户往外看，眺望繁忙的街道。故选B.42．考查形容词辨析。A.working工作的；B.wandering流浪的，漫游的；C.passing经过的；D.following其次的，接着的。此处指我站在窗前，一辆经过的车里的女士往上看，正好和我眼神接触。指过路的，经过的，故选C.43．考查动词辨析。A.waved挥手；B.welcomed欢迎；C.shouted喊叫；D.shook摇晃。自然而然地，我朝过路者挥手。下文wavedatmyfans给了提示，故选A.44．考查动词辨析。A.obtained获得；B.locked锁；C.grasped抓住；D.escaped逃跑。此处指我轻声笑了起来，指笑从嘴唇中跑出来，比较形象。故选D.45．考查名词辨析。A.concerns关心；B.feelings感觉；C.reactions反应；D.actions行动。同事们开始对我产生了兴趣，站在一旁看着我的反应。指我对待陌生者和这件事的反映，故选C.46．考查动词辨析。A.gave给；B.turned转身；C.washed洗；D