国际贸易贸易相关术语

国际贸易贸易相关术语贸易相关术语[C-E]１．Trade-relatedTerms贸易相关术语A．贸易ForeignTrade对外贸易EntrepotTradeF。）转口贸易Home（Domestic）Trade内贸CoastalTrade沿海贸易Cross-borderTrade边境贸易BarterTrade易货贸易CompensationTrade补偿（互补）贸易Bilateraltrade（betweenChinaandtheUS）（中美）双边贸易MultilateralTrade(Multilaterism)多边贸易TradingHouse/Corporation/Firm/Company贸易公司LinerTrade集装箱班轮运输B．合同Contract合同Activeservicecontractsonfile在备有效服务合同SalesContract销售合同SalesConfirmation销售确认书Agreement协议VesselsharingAgreement共用舱位协议Slot-sharingAgreement共用箱位协议SlotExchangeAgreement箱位互换协议Amendment修正合同Appendix附录Quota配额C．服务合同ServiceContractasprovidedintheShippingActof1984，acontractbetweenashipper（orashippersassociation）andanoceancarrier（orconference）inwhichtheshippermakesacommitmenttoprovideacertainminimumquantityofcargoorfreightrevenueoverafixedtimeperiod，andtheoceancommoncarrierorconferencecommitstoacertainrateorrateschedulesaswellasadefinedservicelevel（suchasassuredspace，transittime，portrotationorsimilarservicefeatures）。Thecontractmayalsospecifyprovisionsintheeventofnon-performanceonthepartofeitherparty服务合同AservicecontractisaconfidentialcontractbetweenaVOCCand1ormoreshippersinwhichtheshipper(s)makeacargocommitment,andthecarriermakesarateandservicecommitment.服务合同是一家有船承运人和一个和多个托运人签订的保密合同，在合同中托运人对货量作出承诺，承运人对运价和服务作出承诺。OnlyaVOCC(oragreementofVOCCs)mayenterintoaservicecontractascarrier.只有有船承运人（有船承运人协议）能够作为承运人签订服务合同。NVOCCsmayenterintoservicecontractsasshippers,butnotascarrier.Allowsacarriertolawfullychargeanegotiated,non-tariffrate.允许承运人合法地收取已达成协议的，非运价本运价。Allowspartiestokeepthenegotiatedrateconfidential.允许签约方对已达成协议的运价保密。Today,thevastmajorityoflinercargointheU.S.trademovesunderconfidentialservicecontracts.目前，绝大多数美国航线的班轮货物通过保密的服务合同运输。Mustbewithqualifiedshipper(s).必须和合格的托运人签订服务合同。Mustincludeshippercargocommitmentandcarrierrateandservicecommitments.必须包括托运人货量承诺，承运人运价和服务承诺。Mustincludeshippercertification.必须有托运人的身份证明。Mustbesignedbythecarrierandtheshipper.必须由承运人和托运人签署。MustbefiledwiththeFMC.必须向FMC登记Electronicfilingispermitted.允许电子登记Rateskeptconfidential-certain“essentialterms”published.运价保密－一些“基本条款”公布ServiceContractForm服务合同的格式Term1=origin.条款1＝启运地Term2=destination.条款2＝目的地Term3=alistofcommodities.条款3＝商品类别Term4–MQC条款4＝最低箱量Term5=ServiceCommitments条款5＝服务承诺Term6=RateSchedule条款5＝费率表Term7-LiquidatedDamagesClause条款7=清算损失条款Term8–ContractTerm条款8＝合同期限Term9A=Legalnamesofcontractparties.条款9A=合同方的法定名称Term9B=Identityofcontractsignatories.条款9B＝签字人的身份Term9C=Datethecontractwassigned.条款9C＝合同签字日OtherProvisions其它条款Term10=shippercertification.条款10＝托运人的身份Term11=contractrecords.条款11＝合同记录Term12=otherprovisions(includingforce条款12＝其它条款（包括不可majeure,cancellation,arbitration,and抗拒力，终止，仲裁和assignmentclauses).转让条款）SignatureBlock签字栏TheShipperParty托运方IstheShipperPartyqualified?托运方是否合格？Mustbecargoowner,NVOCC,or人协会association.Cannotbefreightforwarder.不能够是货运代理人Istheshipperpartythepartythatwilluse托运方是否为合同的使用方？thecontract?Cannotbeagentoraffiliateofshipperparty.不能够是托运方的代理和附属公司Exception:AffiliateofBCOmaybeshipper特殊情况：如果直接货主的附属partyifitwillberesponsibleforthefreight.公司负责运费，其能够是托运方。MustUseFullLegalName必须使用法定的全称Thefulllegalnameandbusinessaddress服务合同中必须显示oftheshipperpartymustappearonthe托运方的法定全称和营业地址。servicecontract.Shouldusuallyincludeacorporateidentifier通常必须包括公司的标志符(Inc.,Ltd.,Co.).（Inc.,Ltd.,Co.）Contractheading,Term9,andsignature合同的标题，第9条款blockshouldmatch.和签字栏必须一致。Affiliates附属公司Shipperpartymaylistaffiliatesentitledtouse托运方能够在合同第9条款中theservicecontractinSection9.列入有权使用服务合同的附属公司。Anaffiliateisapersonthatcontrols,is附属公司是指拥有托运方，controlledby,orisundercommoncontrol被托运方拥有或被同一公司拥有的实体。with,theshipperparty.Thefulllegalnameandbusinessaddressof必须包括每一个附属公司eachaffiliatemustbeincluded.的法定全称和营业地址。Tradenamesmayalsobeindicatedin除法定全称外，也可列入商号。additiontothefulllegalname.NVOCCsmaynotlistaffiliates.无船承运人不可列入附属公司。WhentheServiceContractMaybeUsed何时能够使用服务合同？Aservicecontractmaynotbeuseduntilthe只有在SECAUCUS办公室Secaucusofficenotifiestheagentthatthe通知代理服务合同已经向FMCservicecontracthasbeenfiledwiththeFMC.用。TheSecaucusofficewillissueDailyFilingNotices.SECAUCUS办公室将发出“每日登记通知”。EnforcementofServiceContractTerms服务合同条款的执行nottodeviatefromtheservicecontractterms.不能够偏离服务合同条款。AcontractmaybeamendedtoreduceMQCor服务合同可进行修改减少extendthecontractterm.最低箱量或延长服务合同IftheMQC(asamended,ifapplicable)isnot如果最低货量没有完成，satisfied,aninvoiceforliquidateddamages在合同到期后30天内mustbeissuedwithin30daysoftheendof发出清算损失发票。theservicecontractterm.ServiceContractmustbewithqualifiedshipper.服务合同必须和合格的托运人签订。ShipperPartyispersonthatwillusethecontract.托运方为将会使用合同的人。Fullname(andtradename,ifany)andaddressof条款9中必须显示托运方和shipperpartyandanyaffiliatesentitledtousethe任何有权使用合同的附属公司的contractmustappearinTerm9.全称（和商号，如果有）和营业地址。IfcontractiswithAssociation,Members如果和托运人协会签订合同，entitledtousethecontractmustbelisted.合同中必须列入有权使用合同的成员公司。Allpartiesentitledtousecontractmustcertifystatus.所有有权使用合同的各方必须证明其身份。ContractmaynotbeuseduntilfiledwiththeFMC.在没有向FMC登记前，合同不能够使用。Onlyshipperpartyandnamedaffiliates(orlisted只有托运方和指名的附属公司membersifSA)mayusethecontract.（或列入的托运人协会的成员公司）能够使用合同。D．条款ContractTerms（andconditions）合同条款Article条Section节/项Item款Stipulation规定Essentialterms必备（主要）条款Revision修改Alteration更改ContractSignatory合同签署方（人）Merchant签约方Head-Contractor总承包商Sub-Contractor分包商Partiestothecontract合同（协议签约）有关各方E.买卖方、中介Manufacturer制造（厂）商Buyer买方Seller卖方Broker中间人/掮客（跑街先生）Middle-man中间人（商）OTI远洋运输中介公司NVO(NVOCC)Non-VesselOperatingCommonCarrier无船承运人NVOCCServicesmayincludebutarenotlimitedto：无船承运人提供的服务包括但不局限于：1）purchasingtransportationservicesfromaVOCCandoffering向船舶承运人购买再向suchservicesforresaletootherpersons他人转售运输服务2）paymentofporttoportormulti-modaltransportationcharges支付港到港或全程多式联运费用3）enteringintoaffreightmentagreementswithunderlyingshippers和大货主签订运输合同4）issuingbillsofladingorequivalentdocuments签发提单或相同效用单证5）arrangingforinlandtransportationandpayingforinlandfreight安排内陆运输，从全程chargesonthroughtransportationmovements运费中支付内陆运费6）payinglawfulcompensationtooceanfreightforwarders向货代支付合理佣金7）leasingcontainers负责租用（集装箱）货柜8）enteringintoarrangementswithoriginordestinationagents和始发地、目的地代理签订合作协议，落实运作AnypersonoperatingintheUSasanNVOCCshallfurnishevidence在美国运营无船承运人offinancialresponsibilityintheamountofUSD75000必需提供保证金75000美元OceanFreightBroker远洋揽货代理（船东订舱／营销代理）OceanFreightBrokerisanentity远洋揽货代理系whichisengagedbyacarriertosecurecargoforsuchcarrier由船东运营，专事为本公司揽货，and/orofferforsaleoceantransportationservices提供远洋运输服务的机构。对外whichholdsitselfouttothepublicasonewhonegotiates负责和收、发货人洽谈运输条款betweenshipperorconsigneeandcarrierforthepurchase，出售舱位等事宜。sale，conditionsandtermsoftransportation。AnOceanFreightBrokerisnotrequiredtobelicensedto远洋揽货代理无需专办运营performthoseservices。执照CargoForwardingAgent/CargoForwarder货运代理FreightForwarding/Forwarder货运代理OceanFreightForwarder远洋货运代理人FreightForwardingservicesmayinclude，butarenotlimitedto：货代服务包括但不局限于：1）orderingcargotoport安排将货物运送至港区（口）2）preparingand/orprocessingexportdeclarations安排出口报关3）booking，arrangingfororconfirmingcargospace安排订舱，确认舱位4）preparingorprocessingdeliveryordersordockreceipts安排装货单证（场站收据）5）preparingand/orprocessingoceanbillsoflading安排海运提单6）preparingorprocessingconsulardocumentsor安排出口单证及arrangingfortheircertification货物出口相关证书7）arrangingforwarehousestorage安排仓库储放8）arrangingforcargoinsurance安排货运保险9）clearingshipmentsinaccordancewithGovernment根据政府有关出口规定exportregulations办理货物出口清关手续10）preparingand/orsendingadvancenotificationsof缮制货运通知单及相关单证shipmentsorotherdocumentstobanks，shippers，or且按要求分送银行、货主consignees，asrequired或收货人11）handlingfreightorothermoneyadvancedbyshippers，安排支付发货人应付海运费orremittingoradvancingfreightorothermoneyorcredit支付、电汇inconnectionwiththedispatchingofshipments12）coordinatingthemovementofshipmentsfromorigintovessel协调货物自出运地至船舶的运输13）givingexpertadvicetoexportersconcerninglettersofcredit，为出口商提供有关信用证、otherdocumentslicenseorinspectionsoronproblems检验及aboutcargoesdispatch。其和货物出运相关问题的专业咨询服务AnypersonoperatingintheUSasanOceanFreightForwarder在美国运营货代必需提供shallfurnishevidenceoffinancialresponsibilityintheamount保证金50000美元ofUSD50000。ShippingAgency/Agent船务代理Supplier/Provider供方F．公司HeadOffice（Headquarters）总公司BoardofDirectors董事会Director董事CEO首席执行官（总裁）CFO财务总监RegionalOffice区域性公司LocalOffice地区公司Affiliate附属（子）公司BranchOffice分公司Sub-office支公司Subsidiaries下属公司LiaisonOffice联络处Rep.Office（RepresentativeOffice）代表（办事）处ChiefRepresentative首席代表GroupCompany集团公司Conglomerate集团公司（企业集团）G．收发货人ShipperSPR发货人/托运人Shippermaymean:发货人能够是：1)acargoowner货物持有者（真正意义上的货主）2）thepersonforwhoseaccounttheoceantransportationisprovided远洋运输费用支付人3）thepersontowhomdeliveryistobemade收货人4）ashippers’association货主协会anNVOCCthatacceptsresponsibilityfor承担支付运价本费率或服务paymentofallchargesapplicable合同费用的无船承运人underthetarifforservicecontractConsolidatorAcompanythatconsolidatesfreightownedbyvariouspartiesintoonecontainer.拼箱货发货人Consignor发货人Consignee收货人NotifyParty通知方SecondNotifyParty第二通知方H．客户Customer/Client（customer）客户DirectAccount（customer）直接客户TargetCustomer（目标）大客户BCOBeneficialOwnerofthecargo直接货主（制造厂商）BigAccounts大客户VIPCustomers重要客户Agreement/ContractCustomer协议客户Long-termCustomer长期客户PotentialCustomer潜在客户Pickycustomer好挑剔的客户I．谈判Negotiation（BusinessTalk）谈判Compromise（Meethalf-way）折衷妥协50/50（fiftytofifty/fiftyfifty）折衷Win-Win双赢notamatterofpercentagebutprinciple不是占多大比重而是原则问题２．CONTAINEREXPORTPROCEDURE出口集装箱简易出运程序AsEDIsuchasCargo2000,ismorepopularnowadaysandusedbyboththeVOCCandCustoms,hardcopyShippingOrderisnolongerwidelyused.由于电子数据交换（如CARGO2000）等在船公司和海关之间已相当普遍，书面的托单已不如先前那样广为使用。Ａ。ToascertainserviceandfreightratethataremostappropriatefromCarrierbeforebookingismade;先向承运人（船公司）确认最为合适的服务和海运价，尔后再订舱。Ｂ。Uponbooking,Carrieristoreservespaceanddelivertoshipperashippingorderinformingshipperofthenumberofthecontainer,whichistobefetchedbyshipperatcarrier’scontainerdepotfortheirownpacking;由托运人自行前往承运人指定集装箱堆场提箱，装箱。Ｃ。Shipperistopackthecontainerinfullloadathisplantorathisplaceofbusiness托运人则在其工厂或业务场所进行整箱装箱。Ｄ。Customsinspectionismadeex-worksbeforethecontainerislockedandsealed;装箱后经由海关检验，锁妥、加封、出厂。Ｅ。ShippertosendittoCY；CustomsinspectioncanalsobemadeatCYofthesentcontainerbeforeitisfinallysealed;托运人将集装箱送到港区CY（集装箱堆场）；海关检验亦可在港区CY进行，验妥后最终加封。Ｆ。Receivingclerkwhoisfromthecarrierorthecarrier’sagent,atthedockistoreceivetheshippingorderwhichwillbeexchangedforadockreceiptwhenthecontainerhasbeendeliveredtothedockinorder.完好无损后，将场站收据交予托运方。Ｇ。WiththedockreceiptshipperistochangeforB/Lbeforethecarryingvesselsails托运人于订舱船舶开航前，至承运人（船公司）处凭场站收据换取提单。Ｈ。Shipperistoadviseconsigneeoftheeffectuationofshipment托运人通知收货人，货载已出运。３．Shipping-relatedTerms航运有关术语A.承运人ShippingLines航运公司Commoncarriers公共承运人OCCOceanCommonCarrier远洋公共承运人VOCCVessel-OperatingCommonCarrier船舶承运人VesselSharingCarriers共用舱位承运人NVOCC无船承运人MasterNVOCC主装无船承运人TenderingNVOCC交运货物的无船承运人ContractNVOCC签约无船承运人MTOMulti-modalTransportOperator多式联运运营人AnMTOdealswithallmattersinrelationtotheconveyanceofcargoentrustedtohimfromthepointofshipmenttotheplaceofdelivery,documentationandarrangementswithsub-contractorsatvariousbreakingpointstofacilitateexpeditiousmovementofcargo.Inmostcasesitisnecessaryforhimtoappointagentsorcorrespondentsatvariouspointsorevenmaintainsubsidiaryconcernsatimportanttransshippingpointstoattendtoalltheworknecessaryinconnectionwiththemovementofcargo.Heassumesresponsibilityfortheperformanceofthecontract.MTOMarineTerminalOperator海运码头运营者VesselOperationMTO运营多式联运的船舶承运人NVO-MTOmaybearoadoperator/railoperator/airlineoperator/freightforwarder不营运船舶的多式联运运营人ControlledCarrier受控承运人Ratesmustbe“justandreasonable”-compensatory.运价必须是”公正的和合理的“－具有补偿性的30daysnoticerequiredtoincreaseorreducetariffrates.运价的上涨和下调登记30天后生效ConferenceCarrier公会承运人Independentcarriers独立承运人9thlargestcarrierservingtheUS美线第9大承运人Consortium(Groupofcarrierspoolingresourcesinatradelanetomaximizetheirresourceseffectively)联盟Alliance联盟Ｂ.竞争Competitors竞争对手Player竞争参和者（对手）Foreclosefrom。。排斥在外Topreservelegitimatecompetitionamongallcommoncarriers保持公共承运人之间的合法竞争C.运输模式、网络TransportationNetwork运输网络PendulumService钟摆式服务模式LoopService环扣式服务模式TrunkService/Line干线FeederServicevesselemployedinnormallyshortsearoutestofetchorcarrygoods/containerstoandfromocean-goingvessels支线CommonFeeder公共支线CoastalTransport沿海运输Barge/Lighter驳船D.船Self-ownedVessels自有船Time-charteredVessels期租船InboundVessel/Homebound进口（回程）船Outgoing/OutboundVessel出口船LinerVesselplyingaregulartradeagainstapublishedsailingschedule班轮SlotSpaceonboardavesseloccupiedbyacontainer箱位E.航班/次Aweeklysailing周班Afixeddaysailing定日航班AFriday（Tuesday/Thursday）sailing周五班Afortnightsailing双周班Abi-weeklysailing周双班Amonthlysailing每月班On-schedulearrival/departure准班抵离Sailingfrequency航次密度ETAEstimated(Expected)TimeofArrival预计到达时间ETBEstimated（Expected）TimeofBerthing预计靠泊时间ETCDEstimatedTimeofCommencingDischarge预计开卸时间ETCLEstimatedTimeofCommencingLoading预计开装时间ETDEstimated(Expected)TimeofDeparture预计离泊时间ThesailingSchedule/Vesselsaresubjecttochangewithoutpriornotice。船期/船舶如有变更将不作事先通知ClosingDateLastdayonwhichexportcargocanbeaccepted截止申报时间foranominatedsailing.Cut-offtimeLatestpossibletimethecargomaybedeliveredto截关日thevesselordesignatedpoint。F.港BasePort基本港PODPortofDischarge（DPORT）/portofdelivery卸港PODplaceofdelivery卸货地PortofArrival/Departure抵达/驶离港POLPortofLoading（LPORT）装港PortofCall挂港2ndLeg第二挂港FNDFinalDestination交货目的地endofcarrierliabilitywherecarrierdeliversthecargotoconsigneeSkipOver跳（甩）港Changeofportofcall改港OptionalPort选择港CODChangeofDestination更改目的地（改港）Deviate弯（绕）港DiversionstherouteofashipmentchangedintransitfromthatshownonB/L弯港Portcongestion压港（港口拥挤）LayTimeinPort在港装卸时间G．码头IntercoastalwaterservicebetweenpointsontheAtlanticandthePacificCoasts美国东西岸水路运输Intermodalmovementofcargoorcontainerbetweenmotor，railorwatercarriers多式联运Port/Port9港口/码头（上港九区）Dock码头Quay码头Terminal班轮靠泊码头ContainerTerminalalsoreferredtoasaContainerYard(CY),Afacilitythatreceivesfullexportcontainersfromoneshippertoloadingthevesselanddeliversfullimportcontainerstotheconsigneeafter;itisthesamelocationwhereoceanvesselsareloaded&unloaded.集装箱码头Wharf靠泊码头Jetty突堤码头STEVESStevedores码头工人Docker码头工人Berth泊位LoadingBerth装箱泊位Quayside/Apron码头前沿Depotcontainerfreightstationoradesignatedareawhereemptycontainerscanbepickedupordroppedoff集装箱堆场/储运站ContainerLoadingList集装箱装船报Bayplan预配图/集装箱船积载图（表）SlotNo。舱位（号码）PalletAplatformwith/withoutsides，onwhichpackagesmaybeloadedtofacilitatehandling托盘StackingYard集装箱堆场Baynumber排数Rownumber列数Tiernumber层高数L/W/HLength/Width/Height长/宽/高OnDeckcontainers甲板之上装箱UnderDeckcontainers(belowshipcontainers)甲板以下装箱Theratioofunderdeckandondeckcontainersbeing3:1甲板上和舱内箱位数量比3：1Deckstorage,normallytreatedasbeingstowedunderdeck,isdefinitelypronetoaccidents.虽风险较大甲板装箱仍应视同舱内装箱Thecapacityutilityrate箱位利用率LoadFactorpercentageofloadedcontainersagainsttotalcapacityofvesselorallocation装船率（所装箱量占全船箱位或口岸配额之比例）TDRTerminalDepartureReport离码头方案H．装、拆箱Pack/Stuff/Van（-ing）stowingcargoinacontainer装箱Devanningtheremovalofcargofromacontainer。Alsoknownasunstuffing，unpacking，unloadingorstripping拆箱Consolidation(thecombinationofmanysmallshipmentsintoonecontainer)拼装CLPContainerLoadPlanAdocumentpreparedtoshowalldetailsofcargoloadedinacontainere.g.weight(individualandtotal),measurement,markings,shippers,consignees,theorigin&destinationofgoodsandlocationofcargowithinthecontainer集装箱配载图ContainerNumbertheuniqueidentificationofacontainer箱号Seal集装箱箱封ContainerSealNumberthenumberofhighsecuritysealsprovidedbythecarrier箱封号LockedandSealed集装箱已锁妥、封好PartialShipment分批装运I．吊ShoreCrane/GantryCrane岸吊Portainer集装箱岸吊MobileCrane汽车吊ForkLift叉车LoadingPlatform装卸平台J．保税BondedArea保税区BondedGoods(GoodsinBond)保税货物BondedWarehouse保税库Cagedstoredatbondedwarehouse进入海关监管K．集卡RoadTransportation公路运输LorrywithICCard有白卡的集卡Chassisawheeledflatbedoratrailertoaccommodatecontainersmovingovertheroad集卡Tractor牵引车/拖头Low-bed低平板车Trailer拖车Transporter拖车DSTDoubleStackTraincapableofcarrying2x40’可装2的火车TruckingCompany车队（汽车运输公司）Haulage/Drayage驳运/汽车陆运TruckTransfer汽车驳运Axleload轴负荷Tire-load轮胎负荷TollGate收费口L．船代Shippingagent船舶代理Localshippingagent当地船代HandlingAgent操作代理BookingAgentthepartywhosecuresFOBcargo订舱代理ShippingAgencynetwork代理网络BoardingAgent/Clerk代理外勤（登轮）CargoCanvassing揽货FFFFreightForwardingFee货代佣金Brokerage/Commission佣金M．供应Procurement采购Ship-chandler船舶供应商BunkerSupplier船舶燃料供应公司Seamen’sClub海员俱乐部TravelAgency旅行社CouriersUPS/TNT/HDS/EMS快递N．订舱Booking订舱BookingNote订舱单BookingNumber订舱号DockReceiptaformusedtoacknowledgereceiptofcargoatapier场站收据M/F(Manifest)amanifestthatlistsonlycargo,withoutfreightandcharges舱单Cable/TelexRelease电放ACircularLetter通告信/通知书PICPersoninCharge具体负责操作人员Thesaidparty所涉及的一方OnBoardB/LAB/Linwhichacarrieracknowledgesthatgoodshavebeenplacedonboardacertainvessel。UsedtosatisfytherequirementsofaL/COnBoard提单Shut-Outcontainers/goodsnotcarriedonintendedvessel漏装箱MissedVoyageContainer漏装箱Cancellation退关箱O．中转Inboundvesselorcargogoingtoportofdischargeorfinaldestination进口Intransit中转Transportationhub中转港Strategicallylocatedhubs地处战略要地的中转港T/STransshipping/Transshipment转运/转口MLBMini-LandBridge/Mini-Bridgecargomovingfrom/toaninlanddestinationononeB/Lfrom/toaforeignportthrough2USports小陆桥Mislaidintransit中转途中错卸BPBasePort基本港Promptrelease即时放行Permitforitsunloading允许卸船PTTPermittoTransfer中转货出港放行证Transittime航程时间/中转时间Cargoavailabilityatdestinationin。。货物运抵目的地SecondCarrier（第）二程船Oncarriage/secondcarriage二程运输4．Service-relatedTerms运输条款相关术语A.CY/CY(Y/Y)ThisCYtoCYservicemeans:场到场FCL/FCLContainerspackedbyShippersoffCarrier’spremises,anddeliveredtoCarrier’sCY,acceptedbyConsigneeatCarrier’sCYandunpackedoffCarrier’spremises,allattheriskandexpenseofthecargo.forpickupintactbyconsigneeB.CY/CFS(Y/S)ThisCYtoCFSservicemeans:场到站FCL/LCLContainerspackedbyShippersoffCarrier’spremisesandDeliveredtoCarrier’sCY,UnpackedbytheCarrieratthedestinationportCFS,AllattheriskandexpenseofthecargodevannedbythecarrierforloosepickupC.CFS/CFS(S/S)ThisCFStoCFSservicemeans:站到站CargodeliveredtoCarrier’sCFStobepackedbyCarrier;TobeunpackedbyCarrieratCarrier’sdestinationportCFS;Allattheriskandexpenseofthecargo。Akindofcargomovementbycontainer.Deliveredlooseatoriginpointwithvanningbycarrier,devannedbycarrieratdestination,andpickeduplooseatdestination.D.CFS/CY(S/Y)ThisCFStoCYservicemeans:站到场CargodeliveredtoCarrier’sCFStobepackedbyCarrier;AcceptedbyConsigneeatCarrier’sCYandUnpackedbyConsigneeoffCarrier’spremises;Allattheriskandexpenseofthecargo.E.D/DDoortoDoor门到门Containerscanbefetchedbycarrieratsender’splacebyusinglorriesorrailcarsandconveyedtocontainerterminalforloading.Attheotherendofjourneythecontainercanbedeliveredatreceiver’splaceuponarrival.F.Co-Load(-ing)套约拼装(1)TheCombiningofCargo,intheimportorexportforeigncommerceoftheU.S.,by2ormoreNVOCCsfortenderingtotheoceancarrierunderthenameof1masterNVOCC.套约拼装是指，美国外贸进出口业务中，2个之上NVOCC的拼装货物以1个主装NVOCC的名义交远洋承运人出运(2)Carrierengagesinco-loadingbytenderingcargoand/orreceivingcargofromotherNVOCCs.承运人从别的NVOCC处接运货物进行套约拼装(3)Whenshippers’cargoistenderedforco-loadingtootherNVOCCsthetenderingNVOCCshallbeliabletotheshippertothefullextentprovidedinitsBillofLadingandsuchBillofladingliabilityshallnotbealteredbyco-loading.接受托运人货物，尔后再跟别的NVOCC货物拼装，接载的NVOCC对托运人货物承担其提单条款中所规定的所有责任；责任的性质不因套约拼装而改变。(4)Shippersareresponsibleforpaymentofratesandchargesonlytotheextentthatsuchratesandchargesareprovidedinthistariff.托运人仅向接载NVOCC支付该NVOCC费率中规定的海运费和其它附加费(5)Thecarriershallnotifyshippersthattheircargohasbeenco-loadedbyannotatingeachapplicableBillofLadingwiththefollowingstatement‘CargocoveredbythisBillofLadinghasbeenco-loadedwithcargoof(namesofotherNVOCCs)货已和另一家NVOCC货物拼装。(6)Carrier-to-CarrierCo-loading---carrierengagesinco-loadingunderagreementswithoneormoreotherNVOCCs承运人跟承运人拼装------承运人能够按合约跟1个或者多个NVOCC拼装(7)Shipper-to-CarrierCo-loading---whencarrierengagesinco-loadingonaShipper-to-carrierbasis,carrierisresponsibleforthepaymentofallchargesassessedbytheNVOCCtowhichcargowastendered.Shipperisresponsibleforfreightandchargesonlytotheextentthatsucharesetforthinthistariff.托运人跟承运人拼装------承运人做‘托运人跟承运人拼装’时，承运人应负责支付NVOCC所栏货源的海运费和附加费。托运人仅按其费率规定支付费用A．IsthemasterNVOCCtheresponsiblefilingpartyforallbillsofladinginaco-loadedcontainer?套约拼装箱所有的提单货是否都由主装的那家NVOCC负责报备？答：目前美国海关边防总署给‘masterNVOCC（主装NVOCC）’下的定义是：负责将箱子交由船舶承运人运输的NVOCC。具有自动申报的主装NVOCC负责为不具备自动申报各方货物的报备。而不具备自动申报条件的主装NVOCC则负责为不具备自动申报的各装家向承运人提供书面的货物申报单。B．IfalltheNVOCCsinaco-loadedboxare‘automated’,caneachNVOCCfiletheinformationneededfromitsownbillsofladinginAMS?套约拼装箱各家NVOCC都具备自动申报能力，是否每家都能够通过AMS各自报备自己提单货物的信息？答：具备自动申报条件的主装NVOCC负责为向其提供书面申报的各家报备。具有自动申报能力的NVOCC参和拼装必须通过AMS系统直接向美国海关边防总署报备。不具备自动申报能力的NVOCC应向主装NVOCC提供货物申报信息，由其再将信息传送致美国海关边防总署。不具备自动申报条件的NVOCC在和一家具备自动申报能力的主装NVOCC拼装时，不许将货物申报信息提供给船舶运营人。C．IfeachNVOCCcanfile,doesthevesselcarrierneedtoknowhowmanyNVOCCsareobligedtofileinAMSforacontaineritisloadingandtransporting,andhowwoulditknowthis?Willeachco-loadingNVOCChavetolistthevesselcarrierastheSecondNotifyPartyforitsfilingtobeacceptable?如果每家NVOCC都能够报备，船舶承运人有无必要知道它所承运的拼装箱内到底有多少家是通过AMS报备？怎样才能够知道？是否参和拼装的每家NVOCC都要把船舶承运人列为第二通知方报备方可接受？答：具备自动申报能力的NVOCC应报备所有提单货物信息的全部数据且将船舶承运人列为第二通知方。AMS系统不会通知船舶承运人拼装箱内到底有多少家NVOCC。即便是船舶承运人需要了解，通过AMS系统也无从获得。很多承运人缮制表格让具备自动申报条件的NVOCC填写，表格即可显示拼装箱内有多少票提单货以及提单号。D．Thecommentarystatesthatifanon-automatedNVOCCisco-loadingwithanautomated‘master’NVOCC,thenon-automatedNVOCC‘mustfullydiscloseandpresenttherequiredmanifestfortheircargototheautomatedNVOCCwhowouldberequiredtopresentthisinformationtoCBPviavesselAMS.’Ifthenon-automatedco-loadingNVOCCdoesnotwanttogiveitsbillofladinginformationtothemasterNVOCC(apotentialcompetitor),butcomestothevesselcarriertofileitscargodeclarationinformationviaAMS,dotheregulationspermitthisoristheAMSfilingonlytobedonebytheautomatedNVOCC?评论称，如果一家非自动申报的NVOCC跟一家自动申报的主装NVOCC拼装，前者必须将全部的舱单信息向后者公开，由后者通过船舶的AMS系统向美国海关边防总署报备。如果参加拼装的这家非自动申报NVOCC不想让一起拼装的主装NVOCC（潜在竞争对手）知道提单信息，直接找到了船舶承运人通过他的AMS系统进行报备，规定是否能够允许这样做？仍是AMS报备必须要通过具有自动申报的NVOCC来做？答：请参见上述问题B）的回答。Whatislawfulco-loading?什么是合法CO-LOADING?Twotypes:二种类型：ContractNVOCCissuesitshousebillofladingtoTenderingNVOCC(“shipper-to-carrier”relationship).签约NVOCC向交运货物的NVOCC签发提单（“托运人和承运人”关系）ContractNVOCCentersintoco-loadingagreementwithTenderingNVOCC(“carrier-to-carrier”relationship).签约NVOCC和交运货物的NVOCC签订CO-LOADING协议（“承运人和承运人”关系）非法的货物CO-LOADINGCarrierFailuretodealwithContractNVOCC.承运人绕开直接和之签订服务合同的NVOCC接货ShippingordersubmittedbyTendering(non-contract)NVOCC.托（运）单由交运货物的NVOCC直接提供给承运人FreightinvoiceissuedtoTenderingNVOCC.承运人直接向交运货物的NVOCC开具运费发票FreightpaidbyTenderingNVOCC.运费由交运货物的NVOCC直接向承运人支付Result:ViolationoftheShippingAct.结果：违反航运法Carrierfailuretoconfirmcarrier-to-carrieragreementbetweenNVOCCs.承运人没有确定NVOCC之间的承运人和承运人协议Mustseecopyoftheagreement.必须见到协议复印件Suchagreementsarerare.此类协议很少CarriermaydealdirectlywithTenderingNVOCC.承运人能够直接和交运货物的无船承运人打交道ViolationofShippingActifdoneknowingly.Couldoccurinco-loadingsituation.明知故犯地违反航运法可能在CO-LOADING情况下发生NVOCClicensemayberevokedfor:Failuretomaintainabond;orAviolationoftheShippingAct.由于以下原因无船承运人的营业执照可能被吊销：或没有保持保证金处于有效；或违反航运法行为IPIInlandPointsIntermodal。Inlandcarriagebyanothermodeoftransportationafterdischarge内陆点多式联运5。Rate-relatedTerms运价、费收相关术语Simplifiedratestructure简明的运价结构Clearservicecharges清晰的费收标准Transparentoceanfreight透明的海运运价OceanFreight海运费SeaFreight海运费FreightRate海运价Charge/Fee（收）费DeadFreight空舱费DeadSpaceSpaceinacar,truck,vessel,etc.,thatisnotutilized亏舱Surcharge/AdditionalCharge附加费Toll桥/境费Chargesthatarebelowajustandreasonablelevel低于正当合理的收费Thelevelcompensatorytoactualorconstructivecosts和营运加折旧成本相当的水平Lowratesarenowinsession。当下处于低运价时期Ratesrequiredtomaintainacceptablecontinuity能维持正常营运的运价水平Quote/Quotation/Offer报价MarketPriceLevel市场价水平SpecialRate特价RockBottomPrice最低底价BestObtainablePrice市场最好价Pricemakingmechanism运价制定机制Ratemaking(procedure)运价制定（程序）PricingSystem制定运价体系PPFreightPrepaidfreightandchargesarerequiredtobepaidbyshipperbeforeoriginalB/Lisreleased预付运费CCFreighttoCollect到付运费FreightPayableAtDestination到付运费BackFreight退货运费FixedPrice固定价格IAActionindependentaction独自行动PriceSqueeze运价挤压Comm.Commission佣金Rebateareturnofpartofthefreightpayment回扣/折扣VolumeIncentive箱扣（箱量回扣）OCPOverlandCommonPoint陆路共通点IPIInteriorPointIntermodal内陆点多式联运（服务）ArbitraryTransportationtofinaldestinationbeyondbaseportbyfeedervesselortruckorothermethods内陆中转费IHCInlandHaulageCharge内陆托运费OCPOverlandCommonPoint内陆点OCPrateswhicharegenerallylowerthanlocaltrainrates,wereestablishebytheUSwestcoaststeamshipcompaniesinconjunctionwithrailroadsservingthewesternU