六年级下册英语讲义语法专项之名词

小升初辅导讲义课题名词用法专项训练教学目标通过小学阶段需掌握的名词的复习与训练，掌握常用考点并能灵活运用。教学内容学习目标1.了解名词的意义：表示人与物的词叫名词，如：girl，baby，zebra，moon，pen。2.分辨专有名词，掌握专有名词的书写特点：人名、地名、国名、单位名称等为专有名词，书写时主要单词的首字母要大写，如：Ben，Shanghai，China，GardenPrimarySchool。3.了解不可数名词的意义和用法：大部分物质类的名词为不可数名词，如：water，bread，wood等，不可数名词没有单复数变化，所以须借助介词词组表示量，如：sevencupsofwater.4.掌握名词的复数变化：词尾力口s，女口：book-books。在以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的词后加es，如：bus-buses，peach-peaches，box-boxes。以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加es，如：baby-babies。以{或fe结尾的词，去f或fe再加ves，如：leaf-leaves，knife-knives。单复数同形，如：asheep-twosheep。不规则的变化，如：man-men，tooth-teethchild-children。5.掌握名词所有格的用法：名词所有格表示“……的”，单数名词（包括复数名词词尾没有s的）词尾加“’s”；结尾是s的复数名词加“”’即可。若名词表示无生命的事物，用of表示所有关系，如：apictureofourschool。难点突破与中文名词不同，英语可数名词有单复数变化，而且在句子里必须与相应的动词和其他能体现数量的词保持一致，如：Thereisabookontheshelf.Therearesomebooksontheshelf.反过来说，有时我们能从动词和其他词上来判断名词的单复数。如：Isawsomesheepthere．（复数）Isawasheepthere.（单数）Thereisaduckontheriver.（单数）Thereareducksontheriver.（复数）认识名词认识名词*名词复数的构成法则1.一般情况下在词尾加

s.词尾读音shop---shops(商店)在清辅音后读[s]bag---bags(书包)在浊辅音后读[z]window---windows(窗户)在元音后读[z]2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。class---classes(班级)词尾读音[iz]box---boxes(盒子)match---matches(比赛)brush---brushes(刷子)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i加es.story---stories(故事)词尾读音[iz]4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加skey---keys词尾读音[z]monkey---monkeys5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomato---tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音[z]potato---potatoes(土豆)zoo---zoos(动物园)photo---photos(照片)*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，头顶一个大芒果（mango）。6.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为ves.leaf---leaves(树叶)词尾读音[vz]knife---knives(小刀)*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe变ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加“s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例：roof---roofs(屋顶)7.不规则名词复数的变化man---men(男人)tooth---teeth(牙齿)child---children(儿童)mouse---mice(老鼠)foot---feet(脚)woman---women(女人)8.名词单复数形式一样sheep---sheep(绵羊)deer---deer（鹿）English---English（英国人）Chinese---Chinese（中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1.主要是在词尾加’s构成。如:ThisisTom’sdesk.这是汤姆的书桌。ThatisMike’sbook.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s,则仅加一个’.如:theteachers’readingroom教师阅览室thepupils’pencil-boxes学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上’s。如：thechildren’spalace少年宫men’sroom男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。自我测评Part11.读出下列各组中的名词 rightPeter put fat answerKeys:(1)rug (2)Peterpanda(3)childChinachick(4)foot (5)teacherteatadpole (6)apple2.读出下列单词中的不可数名词 sheepjamKeys:breadcoffeebuttermilkpaperflourinkjuicejam3.为听到的单词圈出同类词 tiger giant skirt autumn bank storm strawberry towertram Keys:(1)tiger(2)desk(3)bank(4)strawberry(5)recorder(6)tram(7)Coke(8)carrot(1)yourbigbrother?(2)Lookatthosepeople.Theyare .(3)Thereareseven onthedesk.(4)The officeisonthefourthfloor.(5)Howmany haveyougot?(6)DoyouwanttogotoLi ?Keys:(I)Eddie(2)firemen(3)boxes(4)teachers'(5)watches(6)River5.用正确格式书写下列句子(1)THISISWILLIAMSMITHHEISFROMLONDON(2)istudyingardenschooliaminclassthreegradetwoKeys:(1)ThisisWilliamSmith.HeisfromLondon.(2)IstudyinGardenSchool.IaminClassThree,GradeTwo.6.将下列中文译成英文(1)一碗米饭(2)三个图书馆(3)两杯咖啡 (4)五张纸 (5)一张中国地图 (6)我爸爸的衬衫 Keys:(1)abowlofrice (2)threelibraries(3)twocupsofcoffee (4)fivepiecesofpaper(5)amapofChina (6)myfather'sshirt7.根据上下文填入所缺单词(1)MayIhavesome ?I'mverythirsty.(2)Thezoo-keeperfeedsthesetigers10kilosof everyday.(3)What'syourfavouritefood?Ilike .(4)Thereisaplate,twospoonsandsome onthetable.(5)I'vegotmanytoysinthisbigbox.Look,therearesome ,(6)Iwanttomakeacake.Ineedsome ,and .8.用所给动词的适当形式填空（1）Bequiet!The (babies)issleeping.（2）Benwasheshisfaceandbrushhis (tooth)at6:30everymorning.（3）Tastethese (sandwich).Theyareverynice.（4）Howmany (leaf)hasthisplantgot?（5）Wherearemy (glass)?Aretheyonthedesk?（6）Therearesome (tomato)inherbasket.（7）Howmany (child)arethereinyourschool?（8）Isthis(women)anurse?Keys:(1)baby (2)teeth (3)sandwiches (4)leaves(5)glasses (6)tomatoes (7)children (8)woman趣味阅读Whoisthebestchild?MotherMagpie(喜鹊),MotherOriole(黄莺)andMotherCrow(乌鸦)aresittingonthebranches.Theyareallold.Theycan'tfly.Magpiesays,"Mydaughteristheprettiestbirdintheforest.Shehasblackandwhitefeather."Oriolesays,"Mydaughterhasanicevoice.Shesingswonderfully."Crowlistensandsmiles.Shesaysnothing.Intheevening,theirdaughterscomeback.LittleMagpieisfullnow.Sheplaysunderthetree.LittleOrioleisfull,too.Shesingsatthetopofthetree.Theydon'tbringanyfoodtotheirmothers.LittleCrowbringsabigwormtohermother.MotherCrowhugsherdaughterandsays,"Youarethebestchild!"判断下列句子是否与短文内容一致，用“T”或“F”表示（）（1）LittleMagpielookspretty.（）（2）LittleOriolecan'tsingverywell.（）(3)MotherCrowisn'ttooold.Shecanfindfoodbyherself.（）(4)LittleCrowisthebestdaughterbecauseshebringsfoodtohermum.Keys:1.T2.F3.F4.TPart2I.Lookandwrite.Places:Shanghai theGreatWall Toys; : Furniture: Insects: Festivals: Keys:1.Toys:robot,skateboard,puzzle,modelcar2.Fruits:lemon,apple,strawberry,lime3.Furniture:bed,lamp,sofa,cupboard4.Insects:bee,fly,butterfly,ladybird5.Festivals:TheSpringFestival,Children'sDay,theMid-AutumnFestival,Women'sDayⅡ. Lookandwrite.(写出下列单词的复数形式，不可数名词用“/”表示) people foot scarf juice jam roof Keys:1./2.people3.foxes4.zoos5.feet6.scarves/scarfs7.shoes8./9./10./11.they12.children13.flies14.ladies15.knives16.these

17.roofs18.nestsIII.Choosethebestanswer.( fallandfallinautumn.A.Theleaf B.Theleafs C.Theleaves( )2.Howmuch isthereonthetable?A.bread B.sheep C.apple( )3. isonSeptember10th.A.Teacher'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.ChristmasDay( )4.Heishungry.Givehim toeat. twobreadsB. twopiecesofbreadC. twopiecesofbreads( )5.Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It'sa .A.foodshop B.fruitshop C.vegetableshop( )6.Thereare treesinthepark.A.twohundred B.twohundreds C.twohundredsof( )7. isbigandclean. May'sandKittty'sroomsB. MayandKitty'sroomC. May'sandKittty'sroom( )8.ShanghaiisintheofChina.A.east B.west C.southKeys:1.C2.A3.B4.B5.B6.A7.B8.AIV. Fillintheblanks.It'stimeforthenewterm.Ineed,,,and . ,my .Therearesevendaysinaweek.They'reSunday,, , , , AndSaturday.4.Mymotherwantstomakeacake.Shewants , .5.Thereisaplayground,a ,a ,a andsomeclassroomsinourschool.Keys:1.abag,auniform,somepencils,somebooks2.father,mother,I3.Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday4.someflour,som