2023职称英语教材新增阅读文章包括答案(仅供参考)综合

TellingTalesaboutPeople

Oneofthemostcommontypesofnonfiction,andonethatmanypeopleenjoyreading,isstoriesaboutpeople'slives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:autobiography,memoir,andbiography.

Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson'slifewrittenbyhimselforherself.Oftenitbeginswiththeperson'searliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresentthemselves.However,theyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhatmakesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjarminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.1Otherwriters,suchasJamesJoyce，havewrittenthinlyfictionalizedaccountsoftheirlives.Thesearenotautobiographies，buttheyareveryclosetoit.

Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.2Memoirwriterstypicallyusetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.Theydescribethemindetailanddiscusstheirimportance.Recently，though，thetermmemoirseemstobebecominginterchangeab1ewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththeoutsideworld.

Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelse'slife.Inmanysenses，thesemaybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheeventstheywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogatherinformationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecidewhichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofaperson，notonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiographymaytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.

词汇：

backdropn.背景

interchangeableadj.可转换的

注释：

1.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.就像本杰明?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2.Memoirs，strictlyspeaking，areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。

练习：

1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.

A.thecharacteristicsofautobiographies，memoirs，andbiographies

B.famousautobiographies

C.whybiographycanbedifficulttowrite

D.differencesbetweenautobiographiesandmemoirs

2.HelenKellerwrote________.

A.amemoir

B.anautobiography

C.aworkoffiction

D.abiography

3.Autobiographywritersarenotalwaysobjectivebecausethey________.

A.feeltheyhavetomakeupdetailstomaketheirbookssell

B.constantlycompetewithbiographywriters

C.wanttopresentthemselvesinagoodlight

D.havetroublerememberingthegoodtimes

4.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby________.

A.definingit

B.givinganexample

C.explainingwhyitishardtowrite

D.tellingwhenpeoplefirstbeganwritingit

5.Diversemeans________.

A.abletoswimindeepwater

B.similaroralike

C.variedordifferent

D.enjoyingpoetry

答案与题解：

1.A此题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传

回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。

2.B此题问的是：海伦?凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。

3.C此题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比拟好的行事风格……，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。

4.A此题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。

5.C此题问的是：diverse的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的〞，因此C正确。TheChangingMiddleClass

TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However，middleclassisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.1Itismoreofaperception，whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowing，moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes，workershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem，andnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor，buttheycouldbecomerich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwords，theyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces.

Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineone'sowneconomicfate.Inaddition，middleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself.

Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet3.Bothspousesnowworked，asdidsomeofthechildren;longcommutesbecameroutine;theneedforchildcareputstrainson4thefamily;andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.MembersofthemiddlecIasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.

词汇：

designationn.称号

commuten.上下班路程

mobilityn.流动性

注释：

1.However，middlec1assisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。

2.Inaddition，middle-c1assmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily，obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideonesèlf.另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。

3.makeendsmeet：收支相抵，维持生活

4.putstrainson：带来压力

练习：

1.Theinformationinthispassagedealswith_______.

A〕anindividual

B〕asocialandeconomicgroup

C〕apoliticalorganization

D〕government

2.Acommonmiddleclassvalueisthat________.

A〕peopleshouldalwayshavefun

B〕childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard

C〕debtisnothingtoworryabout

D〕thefamilyisveryimportant

3.lntheyearsafterWorldWarII，themiddleclasscouldbedefinedas_______.

A〕overburdenedandindebt

B〕hardworkingandsuspicious

C〕prosperousandoptimistic

D〕youngandfoolish

4.Thephrase“Inotherwords"inthefirstparagraphmeansthatthefollowingstatementis_____.

A〕anexceptiontothepreviousidea

B〕adenialofthepreviousidea

C〕arestatementofthepreviousidea

D〕acontrastingidea

5.Thewordcollectivelymeans______.

A〕asagroup

B〕hesitatingly

C〕unknowingly

D〕weakly

答案与题解：

1.B此题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B.

2.D此题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，“中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物〞。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D.

3.C此题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。

4.C此题的问题是：第一段中的"lnotherwords"这个短语与以下说法一致的是，"Inotherwords"汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C.

5.A此题的问题是：单词"collectively"的汉语意思是“相同地〞，选择A.ALetterfromAlan

IhavelearntofaplantobuildthreehundredhousesonthelandcalledParson'sPlacebythefootballground.Fewpeopleknowaboutthisnewplantoincreasethesizeofourtown.Forme，Parson'sPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecanrelax-thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.It'sveryquietbecausetherearefewhousesorroadsnearby.Ithinkthatlosingthisareawillbeterriblebecausewehavenoothersimilarfacilitiesintheneighbourhood.

Iamalsoagainstthisplanbecauseitwillcausetrafficproblems.Howwillthepeoplefromthenewhousestraveltowork?Themotorwayandtherailwaystationareontheothersideoftown.

Therefore，thesepeoplewillhavetodrivethroughthetowncentreeverytimetheygoanywhere.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.Shopsandhotelswilllosebusiness.Ifthetownreallyneedsmorehomes，theemptygroundbesidetherailwaystationisamoresuitableplace.

Nodoubtthebuilderswillmakealotofmoneybysellingthesehouses.But，inmyopinion，theaveragepersonwillquicklybemadepoorerbythisplan.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.

IamgoingtothelocalgovernmentofficesonMondaymorningtoprotestaboutthisplanandIhopethatyourreaderswilljoinmethere.Wemustmakethemstopthisplanbeforeitistoolate.

词汇:

facilityn.场所，设施

protestv.抗议

motorwayn.高速公路

注释:

1.Forme，Parson'sPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecan

relax—thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察者的欢送。

2.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。

3.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.不但

如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。

练习:

1.WhyhasAlanwrittenthisletter?

A〕Topersuadethegovernmenttobuildnewhouses.

B〕Toprotestaboutanewmotorwaynearthetown.

C〕ToencouragemorepeopleinthetowntouseParson'sPlace.

D〕Toinformotherpeopleaboutthebuilders'plans.

2.WhyisParson'sPlaceparticularlyimportant，inAlan'sopinion?

A〕Becauseitisnearthefootballground.

B〕Becauselotsofpeoplelivenearit.

C〕Becauseitisaplacenearthetownwherepeoplecanenjoynature.

D〕Becauselocalpeoplecangetthereeasilybycarfromthetown.

3.Whatwillcausetrafficjams?

A〕AbuildingonParson'sPlace.

B〕Buildingneartherailwaystation.

C〕Touristsinthenarrowstreets.

D〕Peoplegoingtotheshopsandhotels.

4.Alansaysthatordinarypeoplewholiveinthetownwillprobablysoon_____.

A〕opennewshopsandhotels

B〕choosetolivenearthestation

C〕beabletobuynewhomes

D〕havelessmoney

5.WhichofthesepostershasAlanmade?

A〕SAVEOURSPORTSGROUND

B〕SAYNOTOHOUSESONPARSON'SPLACE

C〕WENEEDHOMESNOTHOTELS

D〕USETHETRAINNOTTHEROAD

答案与题解:

1.D此题问的是:为什么Alan写这封信?A、B、C选项在文中没有提到，D选项的意思是让其他人了解建筑商的方案，因此D是正确答案。

2.C此题问的是:在Alan看来，为什么帕森场非常重要?第一段中提到“因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息〞。因此C是正确答案。

3.A此题问的是:什么将会引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的方案，那么“公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车〞。因此选择A.

4.D此题问的是:Alan说住在城镇的人们将来可能会，本文第三段提到“每个人将会因这个方案的实施而快速地变穷".因此选择D.

5.B此题问的是:以下哪个是Alan制作的海报?Alan在本文中一直在说抵抗建筑商在帕森场上建造房屋的方案，因此选择B，对帕森场上的房屋说不。

TheDevelopmentofBallet

Balletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones，courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement，theywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.

Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance，himselfadevoteddancer，foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.

ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany，theBalletsRusses，broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants，GeorgeBalanchine，wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.

词汇:

adjustv.调整

eliminatev.淘汰

pageantn.盛会

influentialadj.有影响力的

注释:

1.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。

2.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。

3.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.由此正式确定了脚的5个根本位置，这5个外开的位置成为开展芭蕾舞技术的根底。

练习:

1.Thispassagedealsmainlywith_____.

A〕famousnamesinballet

B〕FrenchversusRussianballet

C〕thewayballetdeveloped

D〕whyballetisnolongerpopular

2.Animportantinfluenceinearlyballetwas_____.

A〕Balanchine

B〕MarieAntoinette

C〕Diaghilev

D〕LouisXIV

3.Youcanconcludefromthispassagethatballet_____.

A〕isadyingart

B〕willcontinuetochangeasnewpeopleandideasinfluenceit

C〕isonlycurrentlyperformedinRussiaandtheUnitedStates

D〕isoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining

4.Theinformationinthispassageispresented_____.

A〕throughthestoryofonedancer

B〕bydescribingvariouspositionsandsteps

C〕bylistingreasonswhyballethassucceeded

D〕inchronologicalorder

5.Thewordpageantsmeans_____.

A〕dances

B〕instructors

C〕kings

D〕elaborateshows

答案与题解:

1.C此题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，A、B、D选项都是文章的一局部，而本文主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的开展，因此C是正确答案。

2.D此题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在17世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生〞“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院〞，因此D是正确答案。

3.B此题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，A、C、D选项在文中没有提到，结合本文最后一段可以看出B选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。

4.D此题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直介绍到芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择D，按照时间前后的顺序。

5.D此题问的是:单词pageant的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是D，盛大的表演。

TheSahara

ThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfor"desert"or"steppe".At3.5millionsquaremiles，anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates，theSaharaDesertinnorthernAfricaisthelargestdesertintheworld.ltspansthecontinentfromtheAtlanticOceantotheRedSea.Daytimetemperaturescanreachashighas130°F.Thehumiditysometimesgetsintotheteens.Butitcanalsobeaslowas2.5percent，thelowestintheworld.MostoftheSaharareceiveslessthanfiveinchesofrainperyear，whilelargeareassometimeshavenorainfallatallforyears.

AttheheartoftheSaharaisthelandlockednorthAfricancountryofNiger.Herethesanddunescanbe100feettallandseveralmileslong.HeresandplainsstretchoveranarealargerthanGermanywherethereisneitherwaternortowns.YetsittinginthemidstofthesurroundingdesertisthetownofBilma.SuddenlytherearepoolsofcIearwater.Surprisingly，therearegrovesofdatepalms.Undergroundwaterresources，oroases，sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.Corn，cassava，tea，peanuts，hotpeppers，andorange，lime，andgrapefruittreesgrowinthesefields.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.

TheSaharaofNigerisstillaregionwhereyoucanseeacamelcaravanof500camelstiedtogetherinlooselinesaslongasamile，travelingtowardsuchoasistowns.Thereacaravanwillcollectlife-sustainingsalt，whichisminedfromwaterybasins，andtransportitupto400milesbacktosettlementsontheedgesofthedesert.Theroundtripacrossthevastsandstakesonemonth.

词汇:

Humidityn.湿度

irrigatev.灌溉

stretchv.伸展

cameln.骆驼

datepalmsn.椰枣树

注释:

1.Undergroundwaterresources，oroases，sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.在干河床和洼地处可找到充足的地下水资源或者绿洲来支持灌溉农业。

2.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.灌溉沟渠通过一条小溪到达水田中。

3.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.青草上放养着驴和山羊。

练习:

1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.

A〕lifeintheSahara

B〕thedesertsofAfrica

C〕Bilma

D〕howcamelstravelinthedesert

2.RainfallinmostoftheSaharais_______.

A〕lessthanfiveinchesperyear

B〕lessthanteninchesperyear

C〕lessthantwentyinchesperyear

D〕zero

3.TheSaharacanbedescribedas_______.

A〕aplaceofcontrasts

B〕aplacewherenooneIives

C〕anareawherethewintersarecold

D〕anareathatappealstomanytourists

4.Thephrase"anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates"givesanindicationofthesizeof_______.

A〕northernAfrica

B〕Niger

C〕theSahara

D〕allofAfrica

5.Inthispassagecaravanmeans_______.

A〕travelingcircus

B〕grouptravelingtogetherthroughdifficultcountry

C〕railroadtrain

D〕asmall，fastsailingship

答案与题解:

1.A此题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么?根据文段，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理概况，城镇的农业，以及城镇之间的日常来往。B选项范围过宽。C选项不全面，文章不止介绍了比尔马的情况。D选项文中没有具体介绍。所以A是对的。

2.A此题问的是:在撒哈拉的绝大多数地区，降雨情况如何?根据第一段的最后一句话，撒哈拉的绝大多数地区每年降雨量低于5英寸。所以A正确。

3.A此题问的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么?A的意思是，一个具有强烈比照的地方。B的意思是杳无人烟的地方。C的意思是冬天很冷的地区。D的意思是吸引很多游客的地方。B，C，D均不符合文意，因此A正确。

4.C此题问的是:句子“大约和美国大小相当的地区〞指明的是什么地方的大小?根据第一段的第二句话可知，本句的主语是撒哈拉沙漠。因此C正确。

5.B此题问的是:文中“caravan〞的意思是什么?A的意思是旅行马戏团。C是火车。D是又小又快的帆船。根据文中的介绍，穿过沙漠的驼队由上百只骆驼组成，来到绿洲城镇收集盐，因此B选项“一群人一起穿过条件恶劣的国家〞是正确的。TheFamily

Thestructureofafamilytakesdifferentformsaroundtheworldandeveninthesamesociety.Thefamily'sformchangesasitadaptstochangingsocialandeconomicinfluences.Untilrecently,themostcommonforminNorthAmericawasthenuclearfamily，consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren.Thenuclearfamilyisanindependentunit.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.Individualfamilymembersstronglydependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutsidethefamilyinemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecaredforonlyifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorthAmerica，theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theyliveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.

Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthenuclearfamilyinindustrialsocieties，suchasNorthAmerica，andoffamiliesinsocietiessuchasthatoftheInuits，wholiveinharshenvironments.Thenuclearfamilystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeofmobility.Inharshconditions，mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.ForNorthAmericans，thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatusalsorequiresmobility.

ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.Inamoreagrariantime，thesmallnuclearfamilywasusuallypartofalargerextendedfamily.Thismighthaveincludedgrandparents，motherandfather，brothersandsisters，uncles，aunts，andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday，thereisadramaticriseinthenumberofsingle-parenthouseholds.TwiceasmanyhouseholdsintheUnitedStatesareheadedbydivorced，separated，ornever-marriedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclearfamilies.Thestructureofthefamily，notjustinNorthAmerica,butthroughouttheworld，continuestochangeasitadaptstochangingconditions.

词汇:

nuclearadj.原子核的，中心的

harshn.严酷的

emergencyn.紧急状况

agrananadj.土地的，耕地的

注释:

1.ltmustbepreparedtofendforitself.它必须能够照料自己。

2.InNorthAmerica，theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theyliveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活;他们一般住在退休社

区和养老机构。

3.Inharshconditions，mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.:在恶劣的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。

练习:

1.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.

A〕WhatMakesaFamily?

B〕TheLifeoftheInuits.

C〕LivingwithHardship.

D〕TheFailureoftheNuclearFamily.

2.Anuclearfamilyisdefinedas_____.

A〕amarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren

B〕asinglefatherwith，minorchildren

C〕parents，grandparents，andchildren

D〕parents，children，andauntsanduncles

3.Theinformationinthispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____.

A〕ananthropologytextbook

B〕abiologytextbook

C〕amathematicstextbook

D〕ageographytextbook

4.Theinformationinthefirstparagraphispresentedmainlythrough_____.

A〕listingstatistics

B〕tellingastory

C〕pointingoutsimilarities

D〕pointingoutdifferences

5.Thewordmobilitymeans_____.

A〕money

B〕readinesstomove

C〕organization

D〕skill

答案与题解:

1.A此题问的是:这篇文章的题目还可以是什么?A的意思是是什么构成了一个家。B的意思是因纽特人的生活。C的意思是生活得很艰难。D的意思是核心家庭的失败之处。根据文意，本文主要介绍了与家庭相关的信息。B不是主要内容。C未提到。D未提到。因此A是正确的答案。

2.A此题问的是:核心家庭的定义是什么?根据第一段的第三句话:Untilrecently，themostcommonforminNorthAmericawasthenuclearfamily，consistingofamarriedcouplewith

theirminorchildren.可知A是正确的答案。

3.A此题问的是:这篇文章最有可能出自哪里?A的意思是人类学课本。B的意思是生物课本。C的意思是数学课本。D的意思是地理课本。本文主要介绍了家庭，因此最有可能是

人类学课本。所以A是正确的答案。

4.C此题问的是:第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的?根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此C是正确的答案。

5.B此题问的是:mobility的词意。Mobility是mobile的名词形式。根据文中第二段，核心家庭能够生存下去最重要的是能够有流动性，而钱、组织或是技能都不是能够使一个家庭吃饱饭的必要条件。因此B是正确的答案。TalesoftheTerriblePast

Itisnotthejoboffictionwriterstoanalyzeandinterprethistory.Yetbywritingaboutthepastinavividandcompellingmanner，storytellerscanbringearliererastolifeandforcereaderstoconsiderthemseriously.Amongthosetakingonthetaskofrecountinghistoryaresomeblackwriterswhoattempttoexamineslaveryfromdifferentpointsofview.

NobelPrize-winningauthorToniMorrisondealsspecificallywiththelegacyofslaveryinherbookBeloved.Themaincharacterinthisnovel，aformerslavecalledSethe，livesinOhiointheyearsfollowingtheCivilWar，butshecannotfreeherselffromherhorrificmemories.Throughaseriesofflashbacksandbitterreminiscences，thereaderlearnshowandwhySetheescapedfromtheplantationshehadlivedon;thefateofherhusband，whoalsotriedtoescape;andfinally，whathappenedtothechildcalledBeloved.Morrison’sscenesoftortureandmurderarevividandstronglyconveythedesperationoftheslavesandthecrueltyoftheirowners.

CharlesJohnson’sMiddlePassageapproachesslaveryfromadifferent，yetnolessviolent，vantagepoint.Hismaincharacter，RutherfprdCalhoun，isane’er-do-wellfreeblackAmericanwhostowsawayonaslaveshipboundforAfricatocollectits"cargo".Puttoworkafterheisdiscovered，CalhounwitnessesfirsthandtheappallingconditionsinwhichthecapturedAfricansaretransported.Whentheyfinallyrebelandtakeovertheship，hefindshimselfinthemiddle——andisforcedtocometotermswithwhoheisandwhathisvaluesare.

NeitherBelovednorMiddlePassageisaneasyread，butbothexemplifyAfricanAmericanwriters’attemptstobringsignificanthistoricalsituationsaliveforamodemaudience.

词汇:

interpretv.解释，翻译

desperationn.绝望的境地

recountv.表达

capturev.俘获

slaveryn.奴隶制度

注释:

1.Yetbywritingaboutthepastinavividandcompellingmanner，storytellerscanbringearliererastolifeandforcereaderstoconsiderthemseriously.然而通过用一种生动有趣的方式来描

写过去，小说家可以将早期时代重现，并引起读者的重视。

2.Hismaincharacter.RutherfordCalhoun.isane’er-do-wellfreeblackAmericanwhostowsawayonaslaveshipboundforAfricatocollectits"cargo".他的主人公叫做RutherfordCalhoun，是一个游手好闲，身份自由的美国黑人。他偷偷登上了一艘开往非洲贩卖奴隶的船只。

练习:

1.Thispassageismostlyabout__________.

A〕thecausesofslaveryinAmerica

B〕blackwritersinthelate20thcentury

C〕whyMorrisonandJohnsonwrotethebookstheydid

D〕twonovelsthatdealwithslavery

2.Belovedisset__________.

A〕onaslaveship

B〕onaplantationbeforetheCivilWar

C〕inOhioaftertheCivilWar

D〕inanAfricantown

3.Thewriterseemstofeelthat__________.

A〕eveyoneshouldreadMorrison’sandJohnson’snovels

B〕thebooksareworthwhilebutchallenging

C〕blackwritersshouldignoreracialissues

D〕wewillrepeatthepastifwedon’tlearnaboutit

4.Thewriteremphasizesthatthetwobooksaresimilarintheir__________.

A〕useofflashbacks

B〕treatmentofwomen

C〕criticismofwhites

D〕portrayalofviolence

5.Thewordappallingmeans__________.

A〕terrible

B〕surprising

C〕guilty

D〕unrealistic

答案与题解:

1.D此题问的是:这篇文章主要讲什么?A的意思是美国奴隶制的原因。B的意思是20世纪的黑人作家。C的意思是莫里森和约翰逊写书的原因。D的意思是关于奴隶制的两本小说。本文主要介绍了莫里森和约翰逊各自关于奴隶制的小说的主要内容，因此D是正确的答案。

2.C此题问的是:“宠儿〞的设置背景是什么?根据第二段的第二句话:afornierslavecalled

Sethe，livesinOhiointheyearsfollowingtheCivilWar可知其背景是在内战之后的俄亥俄州。因此C是正确的答案。

3.B此题问的是:作者的感觉是什么?A的意思是每个人都应该读莫里森和约翰逊的小说。B的意思是这些作品非常值得写但又很有挑战性。C的意思是黑人作家应当忽略种族问题。D的意思是如果我们没有学习过去，那么这些过去会重现。A，C，D原文没有表达，因此B是正确的答案。

4.D此题问的是:作者强调两部作品的共同之处是什么?根据第三段的第一句话:yetnolessviolent可知两部作品都有对暴力的描写。因此D是正确的答案。

5.A此题问的是:appalling的意思是什么?根据第三段对运送非洲人去美国的描述可知，此状况必然是不好的，糟糕的。A的意思是糟糕的。B的意思是令人惊讶的。C的意思是有罪的。D的意思是不现实的。因此根据文意，A是正确的答案。TalesoftheTerriblePast

Itisnotthejoboffictionwriterstoanalyzeandinterprethistory.Yetbywritingaboutthepastinavividandcompellingmanner，storytellerscanbringearliererastolifeandforcereaderstoconsiderthemseriously.Amongthosetakingonthetaskofrecountinghistoryaresomeblackwriterswhoattempttoexamineslaveryfromdifferentpointsofview.

NobelPrize-winningauthorToniMorrisondealsspecificallywiththelegacyofslaveryinherbookBeloved.Themaincharacterinthisnovel，aformerslavecalledSethe，livesinOhiointheyearsfollowingtheCivilWar，butshecannotfreeherselffromherhorrificmemories.Throughaseriesofflashbacksandbitterreminiscences，thereaderlearnshowandwhySetheescapedfromtheplantationshehadlivedon;thefateofherhusband，whoalsotriedtoescape;andfinally，whathappenedtothechildcalledBeloved.Morrison’sscenesoftortureandmurderarevividandstronglyconveythedesperationoftheslavesandthecrueltyoftheirowners.

CharlesJohnson’sMiddlePassageapproachesslaveryfromadifferent，yetnolessviolent，vantagepoint.Hismaincharacter，RutherfprdCalhoun，isane’er-do-wellfreeblackAmericanwhostowsawayonaslaveshipboundforAfricatocollectits"cargo".Puttoworkafterheisdiscovered，CalhounwitnessesfirsthandtheappallingconditionsinwhichthecapturedAfricansaretransported.Whentheyfinallyrebelandtakeovertheship，hefindshimselfinthemiddle——andisforcedtocometotermswithwhoheisandwhathisvaluesare.

NeitherBelovednorMiddlePassageisaneasyread，butbothexemplifyAfricanAmericanwriters’