外刊阅读语法填空

英语高考模拟之语法填空【文章纲要】蝙蝠能够学习复制声音，它能够教我们人类的语言BatscanlearntocopysoundsanditmayteachusabouthumanspeechBatscanlearntomimicspecificsounds,(1)_______putsthemintoanelitegroupofanimalscapableofthis.Studyinghowbatscancopynoisescouldhelpuslearnmoreabouthumans’uniquecapacityforspeechandlanguage.TheabilitytoimitatespecificsoundsHumansarecapableofit,asaresomebirdspecies,

—calledvocalproductionlearning—israreintheanimalkingdom.aswellasseals,dolphins,whalesandelephants.“It’reslativelydifficult,sa”ysEllaLattenkampattheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguisticsinNijmegen,theNetherlands.“Youhavetomemorisethesound,produceitandthenyouhavetohearagain(2)_____youjustproducedandcompareitwiththetemplateinyourhead,”shesays.Lattenkampandhercolleaguestrainedsixadultpalespear-nosedbatstoimitatetheirowncallsbybribingthemwithfoodiftheyrepeatedthesound.Thebats(3)_______________________(place)inminirecordingstudiosequippedwithloudspeakers,microphonesandremote-controlledfeedingdevicesthatdeliveredthemrewards.Theresearchersrecordedthebats’calls,thenmanipulatedtherecordingstolowerthefrequencyofthesounds.Thebatsthenwererepeatedlyexposedtodifferentsoundsandrewardedwithmashedbanana(4)theyimitatedasoundcorrectly.Within30days,allsixbatshadlearned(5)______(lower)thefrequencyoftheircallstoimitatetherecordedsounds.Vocalproductionlearningisimportantforspeechandsostudyingitinothermammals,likebats,couldprovideclues(6)___________________________howitdevelopedinhumans.Moststudiesofvocalproductionlearning(7)______________(focus)onsongbirds,saysLattenkamp.Apreviousstudyhasfoundthatbatpupscanimitatesounds(8)___(make)bytheirparents,butuntilnowitwasn’tc_le_abra(9ts)r_e_t_a_intheabilitytolearnandmimicnewsoundsinadulthood.Lattenkampsaystheteam’snextstepwillbetoinvestigatewhethertheadultbatsthatlearnedtomimiclowfrequencycallsarealsoabletolearn(10)___________(complex)soundsorsoundpatterns.“Theyhaven’tbeentrainedtosingyet,”shesays.Butbatsprobablywontbeabletolearnhowtoimitateanythingascomplicatedashumanspeech,saysLattenkamp,becausetheydon’htavetherightphysiologytoproducetherequiredsounds.【参照答案】which考察非限制性定语从句what考察宾语从句wereplaced考察一般过去时被动whenever考察退步状语从句tolower考察动词不定式作后置定语asto考察介词短语havefocused考察此刻达成时made考察过去分词whether考察名词从句morecomplex考察形容词比较级【原文翻译】Batscanlearntocopysoundsanditmayteachusabouthumanspeech蝙蝠能够学习复制声音，它能够教我们人类的语言Batscanlearntomimicspecificsounds,whichputsthemintoanelitegroupofanimalscapableofthis.Studyinghowbatscancopynoisescouldhelpuslearnmoreabouthumanstyuniquecapacforspeechandlanguage.蝙蝠能够学习模拟特定的声音，这使它们成为一个精英集体的动物能够做到这一点。研究蝙蝠怎样复制噪音能够帮助我们更多地认识人类独到的语言能力。Theabilitytoimitatespecificsounds—calledvocalproductionlearning-israreintheanimalkingdom.Humansarecapableofit,asaresomebirdspecies,aswellasseals,dolphins,whalesandelephants.在动物界，模拟特定声音的能力——称为发声学习——是稀有的。人类和一些鸟类以及海豹、海豚、鲸鱼和大象都有能力做到这一点。It’srelativelydifficult,saysEllaLattenkampattheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguisticsinNijmegen,theNetherlands.“Youhaveotorismeethmesound,produceitandthenyouhavetohearagainwhatyoujustproducedandcompareitwiththetemplateinyourhead,shesays这是相对困难的，”荷兰奈梅根马克斯普朗克心理语言学研究所的埃拉拉滕坎普说。她说:“你一定记着声音，产生它，而后你一定再次听到你刚才产生的声音，并与你脑海中的模板进行比较。”Lattenkampandhercolleaguestrainedsixadultpalespear-nosedbatstoimitatetheirowncallsbybribingthemwithfoodiftheyrepeatedthesound.Thebatswereplacedinminirecordingstudiosequippedwithloudspeakers,microphonesandremote-controlledfeedingdevicesthatdeliveredthemrewards.拉滕坎普和她的同事训练了6只成年的白矛鼻蝙蝠，假如它们重复这类声音，就用食品行贿它们，以模拟自己的喊声。蝙蝠被布置在配有扬声器、麦克风和遥控喂食装置的小型录音室里，这些装置为它们供给奖赏。Theresearchersrecordedthebats’calls,thenmanipulatedtherecordingstolowerthefrequencyofthesounds.Thebatsthenwererepeatedlyexposedtodifferentsoundsandrewardedwithmashedbananawhenevertheyimitatedasoundcorrectly.

（捣碎）研究人员记录了蝙蝠的喊声，而后操控录音以降低声音的频次。而后，蝙蝠被频频裸露在不同的声音中，每当它们正确地模拟声音时，就会获得香蕉泥的奖赏。Within30days,allsixbatshadlearnedtolowerthefrequencyoftheircallstoimitatetherecordedsounds.在30天内，全部六只蝙蝠都学会了降低它们的喊声频次来模拟录制的声音。Vocalproductionlearningisimportantforspeechandsostudyingitinothermammals,likebats,couldprovidecluesastohowitdevelopedinhumans.声音产生学习对语言很重要，所以在其余哺乳动物，如蝙蝠中研究它，能够供给线索，说明它是怎样在人类中发展的。Moststudiesofvocalproductionlearninghavefocusedonsongbirds,saysLattenkamp.Apreviousstudyhasfoundthatbatpupscanimitatesoundsmadebytheirparents,butuntilnowitwasn’tclearwhetherbatsretaintheabilitytolearnandmimicnewsoundsinadulthood.拉滕坎普说，大部分对于发声学习的研究都集中在鸣禽身上。此前的一项研究发现，蝙蝠幼崽能够模拟父亲母亲发出的声音，但直到此刻，还不清楚蝙蝠在成年后能否还可以保持学习和模拟新声音的能力。Lattenkampsaystheteam’snextstepwillbetoinvestigatewhethertheadultbatsthatlearnedtomimiclowfrequencycallsarealsoabletolearnmorecomplexsoundsorsoundpatterns.haven’tbeentrainedtosingyet,shesays.They拉滕坎普说，研究小组的下一步将是检查学会模拟低频喊声的成年蝙蝠能否也能够学习更复杂的声音或声