2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案解析

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith--orevenlookingat--astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone

aroundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1underground.

It'sasadreality--ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings--becausethere's2tobegainedfromtalkingtothe

strangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn'tknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:"Pleasedon'tapproach

me."

Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswill

be6as"creepy,".Wefearwe'llbe7.Wefearwe'llbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikely

whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones."Phones

becomeoursecurityblanket,"Wortmannsays."Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobe

more11.”

Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn't12sobad.Inone2011experiment,

behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicago

traincommuterstalktotheirfellow14."WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15how

theywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNew

YorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,"notasingle

personreportedhavingbeensnubbed."

18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19

humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.

1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signal[D]record

6.[A]misinterpret[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched

7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed

18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconsequence

19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas

20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rare

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET.(40points)

Text1

1

Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchers

measuredpeople‟scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigher

whatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.

at

“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanat

women,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatfindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenand

Whatthestudydoesn‟tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey‟reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkor

workbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,they

nevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.With

theblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceamakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it‟s

Butit‟snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey‟resupposedtobedoing:working,markingmoney,

doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormental

Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinically

andmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhome

colleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey‟reteenagers,threatenedwith

completeremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they‟reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohome

Soit‟snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuch

hardertomotivate.

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lag

otherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuch

2

studentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfor

decadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyof

themfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”abachievementgapbasedonsocial

class,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(which

involvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)

betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(who

completedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollege

degree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswith

financialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudents

maybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.

Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe„rulesofthegame,‟

andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon‟ttalkabouttheclass

advantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocial

classcanaffectstudents‟educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonot

understandhowstudents‟likethemcanimprove.

[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates

[B]narrowedtheachievementgap

[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose

[D]depressedcollegestudents

27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause_______

[B]theirapproachiscostless

[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport

[D]havefailedtheircollage

[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences

[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmore

right-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoffexamples.“If

youandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,

passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn‟ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn‟ttalkabout

passion.”

3

Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented—andnotbycoincidence.“Let‟snotforget

sports—inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it‟sstillabigdeal.It‟snotexplicitlyconscious;it‟stheideathatI‟macoach,and

you‟remyteam,andwe‟reinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselves

ascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”

Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“You

havetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:

Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose,”saidKhurana.

Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-life

balance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan‟thaveitalland

bookslikeSherylSandberg‟sLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life

bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkisyour“passion,”you‟ll

bemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.

Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,and

regularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit‟snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”

Inaworkplacethat‟sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelateto

yourwork—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.

31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome_____

[A]moreemotional

[C]fostercorporatecooperation

Text4

Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJune,alongwiththedropintheunemployment

rateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westill

havealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.

However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberof

peoplewhorepotvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.

BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhowork

part-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntary

part-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemaking

4

endsmeet.

Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-time

employmentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromisyearagolevel.

Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.Thesurveyusedby

theLaborDepartmentaskspeopleistheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes”,theyareclassified

asworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyare

onlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.

Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsurance

outsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswithserioushealth

conditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.

However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.

Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselves

andtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.

36.Whichpartofthejobspictureareneglected?

[D]haven‟tseentheweaknessofthemarket.

[B]part-timerclassification

[C]insurancethoughMedicaid

[D]Obamacare‟strouble

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist

[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.Markyouranswers

onANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Youarenotalone

[B]Don‟tfearresponsibilityforyourlife

[C]Paveyourownuniquepath

[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal

[E]Thinkaboutthepresentmoment

[F]Experiencehelpsyougrow

[G]Therearemanythingstobegratefulfor

Unfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvarious

5

kindsofloss:afriendship,aromanticrelationshiporahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemost

inopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon‟tlastforever.

Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,

theselossesmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.Iwanttosharetheseten

oldtruthsI‟velearnedalongtheway.

Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodeal

withit.Unfortunately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid,“Fearis

notreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.”Idocompletely

agreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.

Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,trytofocusonthepresentmoment.Manyofusare

weigheddownbythepastoranxiousaboutthefuture.Youmayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthepresentwiththe

thingsandcircumstancesyoucannotchange.Valuethepresentmomentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.Enjoythe

beautyoftheworldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforeyou.Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnota

momentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbedesignedintothepresent.

Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthat

youforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingand

complainingaboutsomething.

Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysrememberthatyouarenotalone.Try

tokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especially

yourdearestandnearestpeople.Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyou

havenofriendsorrelatives,trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadvice

andencouragement.

Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygainingobjectivityfromexternalsources.

Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachieve

somethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourselfandbesurethatyourdecisionisthebest.Youliveinyourskin,thinkyourown

thoughts,haveyourownvaluesandmakeyourownchoices.

TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat‟sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whichever

itis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit‟seasytozoneoutfromtheactualdriving

andpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactually

has.

Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.

Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldownawell-knownroute,becausewedon‟thaveto

concentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecan‟trememberthe

journeywellbecausewedidn‟tpaymuchattentiontoit.Soweassumeitwasshorter.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

47.Directions:

2)callforvolunteers.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.

Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)

6

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

7

26.Cmissitsoriginalpurpose

28.Careinneedoffinancialsupport

29.Dareinexperiencedinhandlingissuesatcollege

30.Dcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

Text3答案

36.Btheincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs

37.Ccannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs

38.Bshowsageneraltendencyofdecline

39.Bempolymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsureance

40.A

回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。这可能是你每天上下班的必经之路，可能是进城的旅行，

亦或是回家的道路。不管是哪一种，你都了解每一个屈折拐弯之处，就像熟悉自己手背上的纹路一样。在这些所有类型的

旅途中，很容易失去驾车的注意力，并且几乎不注意沿途的风景。结果，比起这段路途实际需要的时间，你的感觉是花费

的时间更少。

这就是经常旅行线路效应：人们往往低估了花费在一条熟悉的路线上的时间。

这种效应是由于我们分配注意力的方式引起的。当我们旅行一条非常著名的路线时，因为我们不是非得注意太多，时

间似乎流逝得更快。然后，当我们回忆起这段旅程时，因为我们没有花费太多的注意力，因此我们对之记忆地不太清楚，

所以我们认为这段旅行更为短途

作文答案

8

Inordertoenrichhighschoolstudents’lifeinsummerholidayandexpandthereputationofouruniversity,theStudentsUnion

aregoingto

hostasummercampinourschoolcampusandvolunteersareneeded.Thedetailsaboutthissummercampandvolunteer

recruitmentarelistedasfollows.Firstly,thesummercampwillbeginonSeptember1standitwilllastfortendays.Secondly,

themainthemeofthissummercampis“BetterEnglish,Betterlife”andtherearevarious