2003年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案6

2003年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答

案6

D]Apprehensive.

53.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that________.

[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

[D]agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

54.Theword“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobably

referstothose________.

[A]whoworkascoordinators

[B]whofunctionasjudges

[C]whosupervisetransactions

[D]whodeterminetheprice

55.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherail

industryismainlycausedby________.

[A]thecontinuingacquisition

[B]thegrowingtraffic

[C]thecheeringWallStreet

[D]theshrinkingmarket

Text4

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanada

inevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’

lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.

Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,

cataractsremovedina30-minutessurgicalprocedure.Such

advancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwas

unimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnoteven

agreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath--andourfailure

toconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrate

andperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthat

atsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasa

problemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthe

costofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedone

forus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleis

late-stagecancercare.Physicians--frustratedbytheir

inabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthe

patient--toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhat

isscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theU.S.spent$7billiononhealthcare.In2002,the

costwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendis

unsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Some

scholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresources

shouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslife

beyondacertainage--say83orso.FormerColoradogovernor

RichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm

“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway,”sothatyounger,

healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelywork

throughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.

At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe

53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,

andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternet

start-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthat

preventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthat

comenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoage

asproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.

Askaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasures

maybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapan

andSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,have

achievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,we

maybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhile

underfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprove

people’slives.

56.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

[A]Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.

[B]Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.

[C]Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.

[D]Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.

57.Theauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthat

________.

[A]medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

[B]doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

[C]sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

[D]medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

58.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisone

of________.

[A]strongdisapproval

[B]reservedconsent

[C]slightcontempt

[D]enthusiasticsupport

59.IncontrastotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheir

medicalcare________.

[A]moreflexibly

[B]moreextravagantly

[C]morecautiously

[D]morereasonably

60.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat________.

[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

[C]deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

[D]excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe

underlinessegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe

writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworld

andwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfuland

creative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.61)Furthermore,

humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichthey

live,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiar

ideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumans

inalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematic

manner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuch

studiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwith

themselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.

“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos

“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,

anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.

Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.62)Socialscience

isthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudy

humansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,

systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientists

useforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,

politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthese

socialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichlies

particularlyclosetoanthropology.

Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.

Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakes

extensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.63)The

emphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwitha

cross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofcultures

pastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctly

importantsocialscience.

Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptof

culture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptof

culturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19th

centuryscience.64)Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplex

wholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andany

othercapabilitiesandhabitsacquired