新编大学英语(第三版)1第一册-unit-1-Grammar-and-Vocabulary1897

新编大学英语(第三版)1第一册-unit-1-Grammar-and-Vocabulary23［用法］v.伤害，损伤，损害e.g.Ninepeoplediedand54wereinjuredintheaccident.在这次事故中有9人死亡，54人受伤。［比较］hurt/injure/impair此三词均含有伤害或损害某人或某物之意，injure指任何种类的伤害，不分大小；e.g.Dishonestyinjuresabusiness.hurt可代替injure，但不如injure正式，尤指对人或动物造成肉体和精神的伤害；e.g.Hehurtmyhandbytwistingit.impair表示借削弱、缩小、减损力量或价值而伤害e.g.Pooreatinghabitsimpairhealth.［快捷记忆］injuryn.Buildingworkersriskinjurybynotwearinghelmets.4.insertv.插入，嵌入e.g.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.e.g.“Whistle”isnotwrittenlikethat.You4havetoinserta“t”betweenthe“s”andthe“l”.［快捷记忆］insertionn.（into/of）插入，插入物5.occasionaladj.偶尔的，间或发生的e.g.Butnowhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying...e.g.Joeisasolidplayerwithoccasionalflashesofbrilliance.［快捷记忆］occasionn.时刻，时机，机会，特殊（或）重大场合e.g.Wetestedasimilarproductonanearlieroccasion.e.g.Thetripwetooktogethergaveusanoccasiontogetbetteracquainted.e.g.Ionlywearatieonspecialoccasions.6.reliefn.痛苦等）缓解，减轻，解除：（痛苦、忧虑等消除后感到的）轻松，宽心，宽慰减轻；解除；轻松；浮雕；救济(品)；安慰；替代e.g.Whenshenodded,alookofgreatreliefspreadoverhisface.5e.g.Theyfeltreliefwhenthecrisiswasover.e.g.Themedicinethedoctorgavemebroughtrelieftomyheadache.［快捷记忆］relievev.减轻，缓解；使宽心，使宽慰e.g.Anxietymayberelievedbytalkingtofriends.e.g.Iwasgreatlyrelievedatthenews.7.stiffadj.硬的，僵直的，（手脚等）不灵活的e.g.ThroughallofthisHenglaystiffandsilent.e.g.Hislegsfeltstifffromhavingsatforsolong.8.wide-eyedadj.睁大眼睛的e.g.Theirrequestwasmetwithwide-eyedsilence.构词法：wide（形容词）+eye(名词)+ed=形容词kind-hearted好心的，仁慈的good-tempered好脾气的，和气的6good-natured性情温和的，和善的DifficultSentences难句详解1.Theyquicklyfoundtheyounggirltobebadlyinjured,anditwasclearthatwithoutimmediateaction,shewoulddiefromlossofbloodandshock.(Line5，Para3)译文他们很快发现这个女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。该句中clear常可被其他形容词替换如：itisobviousthat,itisapparentthat,itisevidentthat等，例：Itiscleartousthattheydon'twanttodothat.我们很清楚地看到他们不愿做那件事。Itwasapparentthathewasinnoconditiontotravel.他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。Itwasevidentthatshelikedhimstill.很显然她还是喜欢他。2.Usingwhatlittlecommonlanguagetheycouldfind,togetherwithalotofsignlanguage,7theytriedtoexplaintothefrightenedchildrenthatunlesstheycouldgivesomebloodtotheirlittlefriendshewouldcertainlydie.(Line16)译文医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。该句的主干部分是theytriedtoexplain…，其中Using加宾语从句在句中充当伴随状语，thefrightenedchildren是句子的that引导的从句为直接宾语。间接宾语，3.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.(Line27)译文兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。注意本句中分词的独立结构：hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm表示伴随情况。分词独立结构可以理解为带逻辑主语的分词结构，在句中作状语，可表示伴随情况或动作，8附加说明及时间、原因、条件等。如：Butnowhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying,hiseyesheldtightlyshut,hisfistinhismouthtryingtostophissobs.(伴随动作)Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.(原因)Weatherpermitting,we’llgothereonfoot.(条件)4.Butnowhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying,hiseyesheldtightlyshut,hisfistinhismouthtryingtostophissobs.译文但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。句中hiseyesheldtightlyshut和hisfistinhismouthtryingtostophissobs是带有自己主语的独立结构，表伴随情况。5.Greaterlovehasnomanthanthis,thathelaydownhislifeforafriend.译文他为了朋友甘愿献出生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。9这句话出自《圣经》（TheBible），原句为：Greaterlovehathnomanthanthis,thatamanlaydownhislifeforhisfriend。该句为倒装句，句中thathelaydownhislifeforhisfriend是this的同位语。把宾语greaterlove放在句首，起强调作用。本句的正常语序为：Nomanhasgreaterlovethanthis,thathelaydownhislifeforhisfriend.After-ClassReadingWeAllNeedFriendsWords&Usage词汇精讲1.accidentaladj.意外的，偶然（发生）的Itwassuggestedthatthefirewasnotaccidental.［快捷记忆］accidentn.交通事故，意外事件accidentallyadv.偶然地［词组与搭配］：byaccident偶然，无意中byaccidentof凭着……的机遇（或运气）withoutaccident顺利而安全的2．appreciatev.(l.9)［用法1］torecognizewithgratitude感谢，感10激e.g.Allofusappreciatethesupportandhelpwhichfriendsgiveus.I’dhighlyappreciateitifyoucangiveusanearlyreply.［用法2］tovalueoradmirehighly欣赏，鉴赏e.g.Itisapleasuretoappreciatetheworksofsuchagreatartist.3.chasev.追逐，追求，追捕e.g.Chasingbookscalledforbyreadersispartofalibrarian’swork.Manymenbecomeworkaholic,chasingsuccessandoftenneglectingtheirwivesandchildren.［词组与搭配］：inchaseof［快捷记忆］chasen.追逐，追赶，被追逐的人（物）4.datev.与（异性朋友）约会。n.（尤指男女间的）约会Shehasbeendatingtheboyformonths.5.denyv.拒绝给予，拒绝……的要求，否认，11不承认e.g.Thecourtdeniedhisrequestforanewtrial.法院拒绝了他提出的复审要求。Hedeniedittobethecase.他说事实不是这样。［词组与搭配］denyoneself克制自己denyoneselfto不会见，谢绝e.g.Mymotherdeniedherselfconstantly.Shedeniesherselftoallvisitors.6．hesitatev.犹豫，踌躇e.g.Don’thesitatetocallmeifyouneedanyhelp.［快捷记忆］hesitationn.犹豫，踌躇，迟疑7.rewardingadj.值得做的，有益的e.g.OurjourneytotheYukonwasaveryrewardingexperience.8.survivev.经历……后继续存在，幸存，活下来e.g.Ofallthemuseum’spaintings,onlyonesurvivedthefire.［快捷记忆］survivaln.幸存，残存，继续存在12e.g.Inthesejungleareas,everydayisafightforsurvival.DifficultSentences难句详解1.Havinggoodoldfriendsisagoodthing,butmakingnewonescanbeevenbetter.译文有要好的老朋友是件好事，但结交新朋友则会更好。本句中，动名词结构havinggoodoldfriends和makingnewones分别是两个并列句的主语。2.Nomatterwhatageweare,allofusappreciatethesupportandhelpwhichfriendsgiveus.译文不论我们年龄有多大，我们都感激朋友给予我们的支持和帮助。nomatterwhat表达让步。e.g.Nomatterwhatyouhavedonebefore,I’llforgiveyou.不管你以前做过什么，我都会原谅你的。3.She’snotjustanotherpersonIcantalkwithorwavetoaswepassoneanotheronthestreet,butagoodfriend.她对于我，并不仅仅是又多了一位在街上碰到时打个招呼讲讲话的人，而是一位真正的好朋友。译文Icantalkwithorwaveto前面省略了whom或that,agoodfriend前省略了Sheisas引导时间状语从句。。4.Youhesitateanddragyourfeetbecauseyoucan’tbelieveyouhavetostartoveragain.译文你