2021届复习专项点拨08知识运用类完形填空之说明文试题含答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精2021届一轮复习专项点拨：08知识运用类：完形填空之说明文试题含答案2020年暑假新高三英语增分专项突破+题型特训08知识运用类：完形填空之说明文考试大纲要求考纲解读在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识运用能力.该题型分值高（30分，占整套试卷分数的20％)，区分度强,是考生分数最容易＂拉开距离＂的题型。说明文的写作目的是授人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识.说明文完形填空的结构模式一般是：提出问题——发现直接原因——分析深层原因——得出结论或提出解决方案。一、说明类完形填空的命题特点说明类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明,文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象,然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾,作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。二、说明类完形填空的应试策略1。利用说明文的首句查找说明主体2。把握说明文的两种结构模式（1）总分式。包括＂总—分＂＂分—总＂＂总—分-总＂等具体形式.(2）递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括:空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性.三、说明类完形填空的解题步骤第一步:通过短文首尾句抓主旨说明文的篇首会出现话题中心，通过首段可把握文章的主题；而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。第二步：填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系第三步：重览短文,查缺补漏通读文章,检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误，同时填补遗留的空缺。2019年，全国卷III，完形填空

ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid—March—1

sixmonthsoutoftheyear.

”Ofcourse,we2

itwhenthesunisshining,"saysKarinRo，whoworksforthetown'stourismoffice.”Weseetheskyis3，butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker-it’slikeona4day。”

Butthat5

whenasystemofhigh-tech6

wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks（山峰）intothevalleybelow。Wednesday，residents（居民）ofRjukan7

theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto8.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat

9

themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe10

andtocloseduringwindyweather。Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam（束）oflightontothetown'scentral11,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight12,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether。

"Peoplehavebeen13

thereandstandingthereandtaking14

ofeachother，"Rosays。”Thetownsquarewastotally15.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere。"The3，500residentscannotall16

thesunshineatthesametime。17，thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown's18

residents.

”It'snotvery19,”shesays,"butitisenoughwhenweare20."1.A。onlyB。obviouslyC.nearlyD。precisely2.A.fearB。believeC。hearD.notice3。A。emptyB。blueC。highD.wide4.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD。warm5。A。helpedB.changedC.happenedD。mattered6.A。computersB.telescopesC.mirrorsD.cameras7。A.rememberedB.forecastedC.receivedD。imagined8。A.repairB。riskC。restD.use9.A。forbidsB。directsC.predictsD.follows10.A。dayB.nightC。monthD.year11。A。libraryB.hallC.squareD.street12。A.appearedB.returnedC。fadedD。stopped13。A。drivingB。hidingC.campingD。siting14。A.picturesB.notesC.careD.hold15。A。newB。fullC.flatD。silent16.A。blockB.avoidC。enjoyD。store17.A。InsteadB.HoweverC。GraduallyD.Similarly18。A。nature—lovingB。energy-savingC.weather-beatenD。sun-starved19.A。bigB.clearC。coldD.easy20.A。tryingB。waitingC.watchingD。sharing【答案】（1)C；（2)D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；(6）C；（7)C；（8）D;（9）B；（10）A;(11）C;（12）A；(13）D；（14）A；（15）B；（16）C；(17）B；（18）D;（19）A；（20）D;【解析】【分析】本文讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场.每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上,为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。（1）考查副词辨析。A。

only仅仅；B.

obviously;显然地；C.

nearly几乎；D.

precisely精确的。根据前文from

late

September

to

mid—March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故答案为C。(2)考查动词辨析.A。

fear害怕；B。

believe相信；C。

hear听见;D.

notice注意。根据后文butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker

可知，我们看到天空是蓝色,但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了,可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。（3）考查形容词词义辨析。A.

empty空的；B.

blue蓝色的；C.

high搞得；D。

wide宽的.根据常识可知，有太阳的时候,天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。（4）考查形容词辨析。A。

cloudy多云的；B。

normal正常的；C.

different不同的；D.

warm温暖的。根据前文butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker

可知,到山谷的时候,天变暗了,像阴天一样,故答案为A。（5）考查动词辨析。A.

helped帮助;B.

changed改变;C.

happened发生;D.

mattered关系重大.根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B.（6)考查名词辨析.A.

computers电脑;B。

telescopes望远镜;C。

mirrors镜子；D.

cameras相机。根据后文to

reflect

sunlight

from

neighboring

peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光,可知是镜子，故答案为C.（7)考查动词辨析。A.

remembered记得；B.

forecasted预报;C。

received获得，收到；D.

imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光,故答案为C。（8)考查名词辨析。A。

repair修理;B。

risk风险；C。

rest

休息；D.

use使用.根据前一句their

very

first

ray

of

winter

sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，put

sth

to

use把某物投入使用。故答案为D.

（9）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A.

forbids禁止；B。

directs指导，导演；C.

predicts预测;D。

follows跟随,追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B.（10）考查名词辨析。A。

day白天；B。

night夜晚;C.

month月；D.

year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天,故答案为A。（11）考查名词辨析。A.

library图书馆；B。

hall大厅；C。

square广场；D。

street街道。根据后文The

town

square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上,故答案为C。（12）考查动词辨析。A.

appeared出现；B。

returned归还;C.

faded褪去；D。

stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan

residents

gathered

together可知，当光照出现的时候,居民出来，故答案为A.(13）考查动词辨析。A.

driving驾驶;B。

hiding隐藏;C.

camping露营；D.

sitting坐。根据本句and

standing

there可知，光照出现的时候,人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里,故答案为D。（14）考查名词辨析。A.

pictures照片，图片；B.

notes笔记；C.

care照顾;D。

hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照,故答案为A。（15）考查形容词辨析.A。

new新的；B。

full满的;C.

flat平坦的；D。

silent沉默的.根据后文I

think

almost

all

the

people

in

the

town

were

there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上,故可知广场全是人，故答案为B。（16）考查动词辨析。A.

block阻挡;B.

avoid避免；C.

enjoy喜欢，享受；D。

store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。（17)考查副词辨析.A。

Instead代替；B。

However然而;C。

Gradually逐渐地；D.

Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故答案为B。(18)考查形容词辨析。A.

nature-loving热爱自然的；B。

energy-saving节能的；C.

weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的;D.

sun—starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光,故答案为D。（19）考查形容词辨析.A.

big大的；B。

clear清晰的；C。

cold冷的；D.

easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限,范围不够大，故答案为A。（20）考查动词辨析.A.

trying尝试；B。

waiting

等待；C.

watching

观看；D.

sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。2016年,上海卷,完形填空Inthe1960s，DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement，developedthenowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively1workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit。TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork。Inanycase，despitesomuchevidencetothe2,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX。Theybelieve，3，thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom4withoutconsultation。This，ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian（专制的）managers。Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof5people。Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement，-allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto6tothisprocess。Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion。ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings，whicharebasedongeneral7.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional8managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout9managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授权）hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing：10thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies。Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe11withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers，front—linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic。Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthanhas12beenthecase。Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto13thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed，andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff—siteor14management，whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye—mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses。Projectmanagersevaluatethe15oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.1.A.desire B。seek C.lose D。dislike2.A。contrary B.expectation C。degree D.extreme3.A.viceversa B.forexample C。however D.otherwise4.A.outside B。inside C.below D.above5.A.replacing B.assessing C。managing D。encouraging6。A。refer B.contribute C。object D。apply7.A。agreement B.practice C。election D.impression8.A.bossy B。experienced C。western D。male9.A。asking B。training C.warning D。firing10。A。doubling B。maintaining C.reducing D.estimating11。A。honored B.left C。crowded D.compared12。A。economically B.traditionally C。inadequately D.occasionally13。A.deny B。admit C。assume D.ensure14。A.virtual B.ineffective C.day—to—day D。on-the-scene15.A.opinion B。risk C。performance D。attractiveness【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。1.D根据后半句＂。。。.willdoanythingtoavoidit＂可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故D项正确。2。Atothecontrary相反的；tothedegree在某种程度上；totheextreme走向极端.此处是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项正确.故B项正确.上面的＂正确。5.C根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论,此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。6。Breferto提到，谈到；contributeto做贡献,导致;objectto反对；applyto适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确.7.8。D根据前半句＂..。womenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmen..。＂可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力,比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。9.A根据前句＂...encourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative。。.＂（鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神),也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理.故A项正确.10.C根据＂thetrendtowardsdownsizing＂（缩小规模的趋势）可知,也就是要减少管理层的数量,可以直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词＂reduce减少＂符合语境。11。Bbehonoredwith被授予；beleftwith留下，剩下；becrowdedwith挤满；becomparedwith与……相比，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和与公众直接联系的一线管理人，省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的成效.故B项正确。12。Beconomically经济地；traditionally传统地;inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地.根据后句Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrol可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。13。Ddeny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证,确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节,保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。14.Avirtual虚拟的;ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的;on-the—scene现场的。根据后句whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye—mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。15。Copinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句＂intermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects，ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品,而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。1OverthecenturiesShakespeare’splayshavegainedareputationforbeingdifficulttounderstand.ButifhisworkisexperiencedonstageasShakespeareintended,thenitcanbecomemuchclearer.Infact95％ofthewordsusedinShakespeare’splaysarethesamewordsweusetoday.Themeaningsofsomewordshavealteredsignificantly,1，becauseShakespearewaswritingatatimeofgreatlinguisticchange.Thisgavehimacertainamountof2licenseinhislanguage。SowhatcanShakespeare'splaystellusabouthowpeoplereallyspokeatthistime?Anddidanyonereallyspeaklikehischaracters?ThelinesspokenbyCorintoRosalindandCeliainAsYouLikeItprobablyweren’t3ofanElizabethanshepherd.ThefirstthingtorememberaboutShakespeare’sworkisthathewroteplaystoentertain。Theyare4works，andthedialoguewasexploitedtosuitthestage。Thereforehischaracters’languagedidnotalways5howrealpeoplewouldhavespoken。Forinstance,inAsYouLikeItwhenCorin，theshepherd,talksoflove，hislinesarebeautifulandpoetic–but6unrealistic.ThelinesShakespearegaveCorinprobablywouldn’thavebeenusedbyanElizabethanshepherd–insteadthey7tohighlightthedrama。AnotherexampleofhowthetheatricalstyleenrichedShakespeare’stextcanbeseeninthestructureofhislines.Accordingtothepracticeofthetime，Shakespearewrotehispoemsiniambicpentameter（抑扬格五音步)soitwas8forhisactorstolearn.WhenShakespearewaswriting,newplayswereperformedeverydaysothis10-beatstructurewasagreathelpforanyonehavingtolearnalotoflinesforthenextday’splay.9thisstructuremeantthat,onoccasion,Shakespearemadeuporadaptedwordstofit。10，onseveraloccasionsShakespearechangedtheword“vast”to“vasty"when“vast”didnotfitthe11oftheline。Butifwelookbeyondthedialoguetothewordsthemselveswecanfindoutalittleofhowpeoplereallyspoke.Wecancomeclosetothisthanksto“originalpronunciation”whichisasystemof12thatreproducehowtheElizabethansarebelievedtohavespoken。TodayitsoundslikeaWestCountryaccent,withechoesofotherpartsofthecountry.Whenwe13thistoShakespeare’sdialogue,rhymesandpuns(押韵与双关）thatarenotheardinmodernEnglisharesuddenlyrevealed.SothroughShakespeare'splayswecan14agreatdealabouthowpeoplereallyspoke.Hisdialoguewasonthewholerepresentativeofthelanguageofthetimeandareaandnowprovidesuswithinvaluableinsightintoa(n）15language。1。A。otherwise B.furthermore C.however D.hence2。A.creative B。significant C。limited D。practical3。A。critical B.typical C.proud D.afraid4。A。valuable B。outstanding C。efficient D.dramatic5.A.reflect B.mean C.sign D。signal6.A.luckily B.essentially C。generally D。naturally7。A。construct B。produce C。function D.illustrate8。A。easier B.worse C.wiser D。slower9.A.Fallinginto B.Varyingfrom C。Agreeingto D。Stickingto10.A。Bycontrast B。Forexample C。What’smore D。Inconsequence11。A。structure B。style C.rhythm D.form12.A。speech B。writing C.communication D.symbol13.A。fit B。devote C。apply D.input14。A。keepup B.findout C.takeon D.bringabout15.A。lost B.difficult C。ongoing D.global2ThenotionofbuildingbrandpersonalityispromotedbyStarbucksasapartofcompanyculturetoembedmeaningintheirproductsandthusattractmorecustomers。Starbucksliterallychangedthedefinitionof“agoodcupofcoffee”.ForStarbucks，thebrandhadthreeelements:coffee，16andstores。Strictcontroloverthequalityandprocessingofthebeans17thatthecoffeewouldbeofthehighestpossiblequality.Outstandingstorepersonnelwereemployedandtrainedincoffeeknowledgeand18service。Storedesign，atmosphereandaroma（浓香）all19the“StarbucksExperience”。AlmostallStarbucksstoreswerecorporatelyownedandcontrolled.Starbucksprideditselfonthe“StarbucksExperience”,20coffeetoprovideauniqueexperienceforitscustomers。21thosetraditionalcoffeehousesprovidingyouwiththegrab—and—goservice,Starbucksprovidesyouwithmorethancoffee.Yougetgreatpeople，first—ratemusic,acomfortableandupbeatmeetingplace，and22adviceonbrewingexcellentcoffeeathome.Athomeyou’repartofafamily.Atworkyou’repartofacompany.Andsomewhereinbetweenisaplacewhereyoucansitbackandbeyourself。That’swhataStarbucksstorehasbeen23tocreatingforitscustomers—akindof“thirdplace”wheretheycan24，reflect,read，chatorlisten.ThegreenStarbuckslogoisamermaidthatlooksliketheendofthedoubleimageofthesea.ItwasdesignedbyTerryHeckler，whogotthe25fromthewoodenstatueofthesea.Mermaidlogoalso26originalandmodernmeanings：herfaceisverysimple，butwithmodernabstractformsofpackaging；themiddleisblackandwhite,theonlycolorontheoutsidesurroundedbyacircle.StarbucksmakesthetypicalAmericanculturegraduallybrokendownintoelementsof27:thevisualwarmth，hearingtheway,smellingthearomaofcoffeeandsoon.Justthink，throughthehugeglasswindows，watchingthecrowdedstreets,28sippingacoffeeflavor，whichisinlinewiththe“Yapi”，thefeelingofexperienceinthe29life。Butthe30ofStarbucksisnotaboutthecoffee,althoughit’sgreatcoffee.Coffeeisonlyacarrier。Coffeeconsumption，toagreatextent,isanemotionalandculturallevelofconsumption.16。A.people B。managers C.customers D.clients17。A.assured B.promised C.ensured D.predicted18.A.emergency B.environment C。employment D.customer19.A.consistedof B。benefitedfrom C.contributedto D.headedfor20.A.goingbeyond B.comingacross C.makingup D。dependingon21。A.Withregardto B。Inadditionto C.Comparedwith D。Intermsof22。A。general B.reasonable C。legal D。fascinating23。A.committed B。alerted C.subjected D。required24。A。negotiate B。perform C.conceal D。escape25.A。imagination B。inspiration C。patent D.philosophy26。A.creates B。cultivates C。credits D。conveys27。A。brand B。logo C.possession D.experience28.A.greedily B。gently C。persistently D。indifferently29。A。busy B。easy C.miserable D。energetic30.A。product B。vision C。essence D.importance3TheresidentsofAshwaubenon,Wisconsinarenostrangerstowildturkeys。However,Smoke，aturkeythathasbeenlivinginthetownsincespringthisyear,is31。Thebirdrunsafter32vehicles,and“controls”33flowbyparkinghimselfinthemiddleoftheroad.Heisalsoknowntoboldly34residentsandshoutatthem，asthoughsaying35tothem.Thoughthebirdcanbesomewhatannoyingattimes，the36havegrowntolovetheirresidentwildturkey。Thosewhocommonlykepttothemselvesareforming37afterSmoke’sarrival,usingthenewcommonpetasanicebreakertostarta38.Toshowtheir39，theresidentsrecentlynamedSmokethetown'shonorarymayor,and40aFacebookpage“SmokeTurkey—MayorofAshwaubenon"to41thegrowingfanstokeepupwiththebird’santics（滑稽动作)。RandyTewsiswellawareofSmoke’s42。Hesays，“Ithinksomeresidentswillbe43toseehimgo.He’sbroughtsomanysmilestopeople’sfaceshere。Andthisturkeyis44trafficforpeopleontheirwaytowork,anditgivesthemsomethingtocheerabout。"However,peopleare45thatSmoke’srisingpopularitywillresultinroadaccidentsasdistracteddriverstrytotakea46ortwo。Thereisalsothedangerofatrafficjamcausedbydrivers47steppingontheirbrakestoavoidhittingthebird,whichregularly48aroundonbusyroads.Despitemonthsoftrying，all49tocatchandtakeSmoketoanearbywildliferescuestationhaveproved50。Theturkeyseemstolovetheresidents,unwillingtoleavethetown。31。A.common B。smart C。wild D.unique32.A。flying B.moving C。resting D.working33。A。information B.water C.traffic D.air34.A。approach B.escape C。attack D。scare35。A.sorry B.hello C.yes D.no36.A。fans B。birds C。locals D.cleaners37。A。classes B.visions C。bonds D。shapes38。A。conversation B.project C。business D.club39。A.attitude B.view C.affection D.talent40.A。gaveup B。madeup C。putup D.setup41.A.force B。allow C。require D。beg42。A。reality B.possibility C.ability D.popularity43.A。sad B.delighted C.annoyed D。excited44。A。monitoring B。directing C。changing D.recording45.A.afraid B.proud C.sorry D.sure46。A。rest B。photo C.step D.turn47.A。gently B。heavily C。specially D.suddenly48.A。jumps B.jogs C.wanders D.lies49.A。attempts B。struggles C。challenges D.tricks50。A.unfair B。unusual C。uneasy D。unsuccessful4Mostpeopleagreethatapetaddsjoytoaperson'slife。Scientistsarenowfindingthathavingapetmaykeepitsowner51。Andgoodhealthmayaddyearstoaperson’slife。Scientistshavebeen52thetie（关系）betweenpetsandhealthforyears.In1990,astudywasdonewithpeopleaged65andolder.It53thatpetownerswenttothedoctorlessthanpeople54pets.Dopetsmakepeople55？Arepeopleabletohandletheireverydaylivesbetter？AlanBeck，whoisaresearcher，saysthat56theanswertothequestionsisyes，thenhavingpetsmaybeagoodidea。Canpetsalsohelppeoplelivelonger?RebeccaJohnsondidastudyto57。Johnsonteachesnurseshowtocarefor58people.Herstudyshowsthathavingpetsmaycausepeopleto59moreslowly。Thehumanbodymakesmanychemicals。Someofthechemicalsmakepeoplefeel60。Othersmakepeoplefeelbad.InJohnson’s61,levelsofthe“good”chemicals62whenpeoplewerearoundpetswhilelevelsofthe“bad"chemicalswentdown。Thegood63seemedtoslowtheagingofcells.Ifthisis64，maybepeopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeir65.Thenpeoplemightfeelbetterand66longer。Youmightbeallergic(过敏的)topets。Oryoumaynotwantto67apet。Neverfear。Arobotic，orcomputerpetmaybejustthethingforyou。Scientistsaretestingcomputerpets，liketheroboticdogAIBO.Theywanttoseeif68petscanhelppeopletheway69dogsdo。Willaroboticpet70therealpetsittingwithyouonthesofa?Somethingtellsusthatitwillprobablybecomeareality.51。A。excitedB。madC。hurriedD。healthy52.A.carryingoutB.makingupC.lookingatD。breakingdown53。A。showedB。warnedC.remindedD.advised54.A.throughB.beyondC.againstD.without55.A。busierB.happierC。funnierD。angrier56。A.thoughB。ifC。untilD.unless57.A.findoutB。putoutC.lookoutD.setout58.A.sickB。friendlyC。lovelyD.old59.A.moveB.growC。ageD.walk60。A.boredB。goodC。sleepyD。surprised61。A.studyB。workC。storyD.case62.A。changedB。variedC.fellD.rose63。A.sidesB.chemicalsC。studiesD。dogs64.A。unusualB.importantC.trueD。impossible65。A.neighborsB。friendsC。petsD。children66.A.liveB.wanderC。stayD。travel67。A.headforB.searchforC。cheerforD。carefor68。A。babyB.computerC。familyD.toy69。A.braveB.faithfulC.realD.quiet70。A.destroyB。accompanyC。improveD.replace5Forcenturies,BeijinghasbeenoneofChina’smostimportantcities。71aplaceforemperorsandofficials,todayitisaninternationalcityandapopulartourist72.PeoplefromalloverthecountryaremovingtoBeijingto73jobsandopportunitiesasthisexcitingcityisaplacewheredreamscancometrue.Throughoutthecity,74dressedbusinesspeople75fortheiroffices，mobilephonesheldtotheirearsandvisitorscanonlywatchandimaginethedealsand76beingmadeatthatverysecond.Beijing'sstreetsprovideafascinating77ofthepastandthepresent.Inteahouses，groupsofoldmenplaychess78theMacdonald'snextdoorisfilledwithlaughingteenagerssippingmilkshakes。Walkingthroughthebroadstreets79withdesignerstoresandmulti-storeyskyscrapers，youcan80aturnandsuddenlyfindyourselfinacentury’sold81whereafruitsellerchatshappilytoanoldwomansittinginthesun。Manyoftheroadsignsandadvertisingbillboardsarenowin82,makingBeijingmore83toforeigners.Publictransportisefficient，newbusinessesare84，andeverymodernconvenienceandinternationalbrandis85inthisboomingglobalcity。BeijinghassomeofChina’smoststunning86.VisitorsoftencometoBeijingwiththesingle87toseetheGreatWall，oneoftheancientwondersoftheworld，butoncethey’vearrived,theyrealizethatthisisonlyoneofthecity’s88.Infact，whatvisitorseverseemtoonly89aboutBeijing，isthattheysimply90timebeforeseeingitall.71。A。Separately B.Importantly C。Originally D.Specially72。A.place B.destination C。scenery D.feast73.A。searchfor B.lookinto C。racewith D。struggleagainst74。A.casually B.seriously C.smartly D.traditionally75.A。call B.work C。advertise D.head76。A.benefits B。fortunes C.calls D.appointments77.A。development B.description C.introduction D。mix78.A。while B。when C。as D。although79。A.filled B。accompanied C。lined D.equipped80。A。take B.cross C。find D.face81.A。shop B.square C。house D.lane82.A.English B.Chinese C。sight D.order83.A.attractive B。impressive C.unforgettable D.accessible84。A.changing B.growing C.trading D.declining85.A.affordable B.beneficial C。available D.significant86.A。sights B.traditions C.events D。records87。A。advantage B.desire C.benefit D。routine88.A。descriptions B。attractions C.possessions D。marks89.A.enjoy B。travel C.complain D.praise90。A.takeup B.getridof C.makeuseof D.runoutof6FriendlyLaughterMostpeoplecansharealaughwithatotalstranger。Buttherearesubtle-and91—-differencesinourlaughswithfriends.GregBryant,acognitivescientistattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles，andhiscolleaguespreviouslyfoundthatadultsfrom24societiesaroundtheworldcandistinguishsimultaneous”co—laughter”betweenfriendsfromthatbetweenstrangers.Thefindingssuggestedthathisabilitymaybe92usedtohelpreadsocialinteractions。Sotheresearcherswondered：Canbabiesdistinguishsuchlaughter,too？BryantandhisfellowresearcherAthenaVouloumanos,adevelopmentalpsychologistatNewYorkUniversity，playedrecordingofco-laughterbetween93ofeitherfriendsorstrangersto24five—month—oldinfantsinNewYorkCity.Thebabieslistened94tothelaughssharedbetweenbuddies-suggestingtheycouldtellthetwotypesapart,accordingtoastudypublishedinMarchinScientificReports。Theresearchersthenshowedthebabiesshortvideosoftwopeopleactingeitherlikefriendsorstrangersandpairedthosewiththe95recordings。Thebabiesstaredforlongeratclipspairedwithamismatchedrecording-forexample，iftheysawfriends96butheardstrangerslaughing。”There’ssomethingaboutco-laughterthatisgiving97toevenafive-month—oldaboutthesocialrelationshipbetweentheindividuals,"Bryantsays。Exactlywhatcomponentsoflaughtertheinfantsaredetectingremainstobeseen,butpriorworkbyBryant'steamprovides98。Laughsbetweenfriendstendtoincludegreatervariationsinpitchand99,forexample。Suchcharacteristicsalsodistinguish100laughsfromfakeones。Manyscientiststhinkheartfeltlaughtermostlikely101fromplayvocalizations，whicharealsoproducedbynonhumanprimates，rodentsandothermammals.Fakelaughterprobablyemergedlaterinhumans,102thatabilitytoproduceawiderangeofspeechsounds。Theresearcherssuggestthatwemaybe103tospontaneous（自发的）laughterduringdevelopmentbecauseofitslongevolutionaryhistory。It’sreallycooltoseehowearlyinfantsaredistinguishingbetweendifferentformsoflaughter,”saysAdrienneWood,apsychologistat