1.阅读总介绍及阅读方法-托福课件基础

课程目标消除阅读障碍获取有效信息拿到托福高分课程要求3课前背单词课堂不登人人不上QQ不刷微博课后复习作业24小时答疑托福考试流程TaskDescriptionApprox.timeREADING3–5passages,eachcontaining12–14questions60–100minutesLISTENING6–9passages,eachcontaining5–6questions60–90minutes

BREAK10minutesSPEAKING6tasksand6questions20minutesWRITING2tasksand2questions55minutes托福考试流程TaskDescriptionApprox.timeREADING3–5passages,eachcontaining12–14questions60–100minutesLISTENING6–9passages,eachcontaining5–6questions60–90minutes

BREAK10minutesSPEAKING6tasksand6questions20minutesWRITING2tasksand2questions55minutes托福阅读考试流程ReadingtextTimeallowedLengthofpassageNumberofquestionPassage160mintues650-75012-14Passage2650-75012-14Passage3650-75012-14托福阅读概况来源：大学教科书类型:说明文字数：700词/篇题量：13题/篇每篇阅读单词量：700+600考试界面展示8单选题考察界面10单选题考察界面11主旨题考察界面12Table题界面13一.托福阅读文章特色

1.固定的出题背景领域百分比Naturalandphysicalsciences30%BiologicalSciences20%ArtsandAmericanHistory20%SocialSciences10%Humanities10%BiographyandOthers10%一.托福阅读文章特色

2.固定的态度原则：

同情弱者（少数民族、妇女、黑人、印第安人）

排除带有歧视、极端、消极的选项

TheUndergroundRailroadParagraph8:Thepeoplewhoworkedontherailroadwerebreakingthelaw.AlthoughtheescapenetworkwasneverassuccessfuloraswellorganizedasSouthernersthought,thefewthousandslaveswhomadetheirwaytofreedominthiswayeachyearhadasymbolicsignificanceoutofproportiontotheiractualnumber.TheUndergroundRailroadcontinuedoperatinguntilslaveryintheUnitedStateswasfinallyabolishedin1865.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph8thattheauthormostlikelybelieveswhichofthefollowingabouttheUndergroundRailroad?

A.Thepeoplewhoworkontherailroadshouldhavebeenarrested.B.Therailroadwasunsuccessfulbecauseitcouldnothelpeveryslave.C.Southernersdidnotknowabouttherailroaduntilafteritclosed.D.Therailroadrepresentedapsychologicalvictoryforabolitionists.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph8thattheauthormostlikelybelieveswhichofthefollowingabouttheUndergroundRailroad?

A.Thepeoplewhoworkontherailroadshouldhavebeenarrested.B.Therailroadwasunsuccessfulbecauseitcouldnothelpeveryslave.C.Southernersdidnotknowabouttherailroaduntilafteritclosed.D.Therailroadrepresentedapsychologicalvictoryforabolitionists.二.阅读的层次Words认知能力+推断能力Sentences语法结构Paragraphs段落结构+段落之间关系把握Passages主旨结构Questions对以上各部分掌握程度的检查1.Words1)对单词的印象:形同陌路似曾相识一见如故刻骨铭心2)阅读中对单词的要求必须认识：介词、连词、信号词、基础词汇可以推测不必认识：专有名词TheUndergroundRailroadParagraph8:Thepeoplewhoworkedontherailroadwerebreakingthelaw.AlthoughtheescapenetworkwasneverassuccessfuloraswellorganizedasSouthernersthought,thefewthousandslaveswhomadetheirwaytofreedominthiswayeachyearhadasymbolicsignificanceoutofproportiontotheiractualnumber.TheUndergroundRailroadcontinuedoperatinguntilslaveryintheUnitedStateswasfinallyabolishedin1865.2.Paragraphs逻辑方式：直线，螺旋，折线托福阅读—直线：观点一个一个展开支撑段落的主题句，一般位于段落的前部第一段有可能是background，与文章标题契合的，就是主题段3.Passages结构（题目+首段特征+脉络）:事件发展（历史,时间）解释说明分类叙述二.阅读的层次

QuestionsOptionsPassages（文章熟悉）Sentences（长难句过关）Words

OPQ二.阅读的层次

①Cluewords①Correctanswer②TypeofQs②Wronganswer③Solutions③Vocabulary

①Vocabulary④Organizations②Sentences⑤Readingtechniques③Subjects三.提高阅读效率R=阅读量I=获得信息量EI=有效信息WI=冗余信息Imax=有效信息最大值0--Ro是连续的，Ro—Rn是分散的0—Ro内容分为两块：结构主体内容+非举例性质的概括描述三.提高阅读效率1.需要详细阅读的内容结构主体内容0---Ro~~~6-8min非举例性质的概括描述

题目对应在原文当中的内容：R1,R2……Rn三.提高阅读效率2.需要简略阅读的内容大量的数字堆积明显的举例让步、转折读一半（读转折部分）四.托福文章阅读方法

⑴读标题-直接做题（把滚动条拉到底部）

⑵读标题-读第一段（尤其当第一段短且标题看不懂时，第一段通常会下定义并解释）-直接做题

⑶读标题-读每段TS（首尾句）并做快速笔记-做对应的题五.TOEFL阅读文章的“结构阅读法”“TS+D”段落结构分析“IACA”文章结构分析五.TOEFL阅读文章的“结构阅读法”“IACA”文章结构分析

I:Introduction

A:Aspects

C:Conclusion“TS+D”段落结构分析BackgroundThesisStatementSummarySolution

TS:TopicSentenceD:DetailsA:Attitude五.TOEFL阅读文章的“结构阅读法”5min

首段首末句+各段首句“IACA”

12min1min/题各段内容“TS+D”3min主旨题/Table题“IACA”

+“TS+D”OG69

1.deserts,threatenedI2.accomplish3.vege4.drierclim5.humanact