数学名词英文

数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pL)命题proposition算术arithmetic力卩

plus(prep.),

add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmaticmean几何平均数geometricmeann个数之积的n次方根倒数(reciprocal)x的倒数为1/x有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进希9decimalsystem二进希9binarysystem十六进希9hexadecimalsystem权weight,significanee进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幕exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthrootsqrt(2)=1.414

sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量constant变量variable坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede(方程的)解solution几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width周长perimeter面积area相似similar全等congruent三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant圆circle圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumferenee轨迹locus,loca(pl.)平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron旋转rotation轴axis球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)夕卜心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂

心

orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重

心

barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribedcircle夕卜切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average力卩权平均数weightedaverage方差varianee标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram代数ALGEBRA1.数论naturalnumber

自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber

奇数eveninteger,evennumber

偶数integer,wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse

倒数compositenumber合数e.g.4.6.8.9.10.12.14.15…primenumber质数e.g.2.3.5.7.11.13.15…reciprocal倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(minimum)commormultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(

质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数mean平均数median中值commonratio公比2.基本数学概念arithmeticmean

算术平均值weightedaverage力卩权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幕base乘幕的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonogarithm

常用对数digit数字constant

常数variable变量inversefunction

反函数complementaryfunction

余函数linear

一次的，线性的factorization

因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.|-32|=32roundoff四舍五入数学3.基本运算add,plus力卩subtract减differenee差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly

被整除dividend被除数，红利divisor因子,除数，公约数quotient

商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto

四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入4.代数式，方程，不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项numericalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程linearequation线性方程(e.g.5x6=22)5.分数，小数properfraction真分数improperfraction

假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction

，commonfraction

普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator

(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction

纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit

十分位6.集合、

、union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集7.数列arithmeticprogression（sequenee）等差数歹Ugeometricprogression（sequenee）

等比数歹U8.其它approximate近似（anti）eloekwise（逆）顺时针方向eardinal

基数ordinal序数direetproportion

正比distinet

不同的estimation

估计，近似parentheses括号proportion

比例permutation排列eombination组合table表格trigonometricfunetion

三角函数unit单位,位几何GEOMETRY1.角alternateangle

内错角eorrespondingangle

同位角vertiealangle

对顶角eentralangle圆心角interiorangle

内角exteriorangle

夕卜角supplementaryangles补角eomplementaryangle余角adjaeentangle令B角aeuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角ineludedangle

夹角2.三角形equilateraltriangle

等边三角形sealenetriangle

不等边三角形soseelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inseribedtriangle内接三角形3.收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semieirele半圆concentrieeireles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形oetagon八边形nonagon九边形deeagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形are弧line,straightline

直线linesegment

线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形5.立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularolid/regularpolyhedron

正多面体circulareylinder

圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.图形的附属概念planegeometry平面几何trigonometry

三角学bisect平分ireumseribe

夕卜切inscribe内切interseet

相交perpendicular

垂直Pythagoreantheorem

勾股定理（毕达哥拉斯定理）eongruent全等的multilateral多边的altitude高depth深度side边长eireumferenee,perimeter周长adian弧度surfacearea

表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crosssection横截面eenterofacircle圆心chord弦diameter直径radius半径anglebisector角平分线diagonal对角线edge棱faceofasolid

立体的面hypotenuse斜边ineludedside夹边leg三角形的直角边median（三角形的）中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex（复数形式vertices）顶点tangent切线的transversal

截线intercept

截距7.坐标coordinatesystem

坐标系rectangularcoordinate

直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面8.计量单位cent美分penny—美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币doze