实验一：EIGRP度量值计算(参考配置)

实验一：EIGRP度量值计算实验目标：观察EIGRP度量值的计算实验TOP：13.1.1.0/24S1/0L00P33.3.3/3213.1.1.0/24S1/0L00P33.3.3/3212.1.1.0/24S2/0S2/0LOOP:2.2.2.2/32实验要求：全网运行EIGRP协议所有路由器起一•个loopback接I1网络收敛后，对路由表中的D路由手动计算其度量值，并与路由条目中的值对比，看是否吻合基本配置R1hostnameR1InoipdomainlookupimteiiaceLoopbackOipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.255imteiiaceSerial1/0ipaddress12.1.1.1255.255.255.0mteiiaceSeiial2/0ipaddress13.1.1.1255.255.255.0R2hostnameR2inoipdomainlookupimteiiaceLoopbackOipaddress2.2.2.2255.255.255.255imteiiaceSerial2/0ipaddress12.1.1.2255.255.255.0R3hostnameR3!noipdomainlookup!mteiiaceLoopbackOipaddress33.3.3255.255.255.255!mteiiaceSerial1/0ipaddress13.1.1.3255.255.255.0!批注：路山器接口默认是关闭的，所以应将对应的接口开启如上配置，已经将基本的地址信息配置完成，卞面启动基本的EIGRPRl(config)#routereigrp100R1(config-ioutei)#nenvoik12.1.1.00.0.0.255R1(config-ioutei)#nenvoik13.1.1.00.0.0.255R1(config-ioutei)#nenvoik1.1.1.10.0.0.0R1(config-ioutei)#noauto-sununaiyR2(config)#routereigip100R2(config-routei)#net\voik2.2.2.20.0.0.0R2(config-routei)#net\voik12.1.1.00.0.0.255R2(config-routei)#noauto-sunmiaiyR3(coiifig)#routereigrp100R3(coiifig-iouter)#nemrork13.1.1.00.0.0.255R3(coiifig-iouter)#nemrork3.3.3.30.0.0.0R3(coiifig-router)#noauto-sunmiaiy验证：我们可以通过showipeigipneighbors命令来验证本路由器与其他路由器之间的邻居关系是否正常建立，以R1为例Rl#showipeigipneighborsIP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess100HAddressInterfaceHoldUptimeSRTTRTOQSeq(sec)(ms)CntNum113.1.1.3Se2/01300:01:064024002012.1.1.2Sel/01200:01:273822803Rl#〃说明R1与R2和R3之间的邻居关系正常建立现在我们查看R1是否已经学习到R2和R3的路由条目，通过showiproute命令可以看出路由器是否学习到邻居的路由，以R1为例Rl#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static.R-RIP,M・mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP.EX-EIGRPexternaLO-OSPF,IA・OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2El-OSPFexternaltype1.E2-OSPFexternaltype2i-IS-IS,su-IS-ISsuiiunary.LI-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2ia-IS-ISinterarea,*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticrouteo-ODR.P-periodicdownloadedstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset1.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets1.1.1.1isduectlvcoimected.LoopbackO2.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsD 2.2.2.2[90/2297856]via12.1.1.2,00:07:3&Serial1/03.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsD 3.3.33[90/2297856]via13.1.1.3,00:07:15,Seiial2/012.0.0.0/24issubnetted.1subnetsC 12.1.1.0isdkectlvconnected.Seriall/0J *13.0.0.0/24issubnetted.1subnetsC 13.1.1.0isdkectlvconnected.Serial2/0J *Rl#通过如上信息我们可以看出本路由器现在已经学习到R2和R3的LOOPBACK^1I信息，我们发现学习到的路由条目（以从R2学习到的路由为例），我们发现学习到R2的路由在R1的路由表中的表现形式是D 2.2.2.2[90/2297856]via12.1.1.2,00:07:38,Senall/0注意到中括号中的信息，我们发现R1学习到2.2.2.2/32的路由在路由表中的AD值（即管理距离值）是90,而开销值是2297856。我们知道EIGRP对于从本EIGRP域内学习到的路由，她的AD值均为90,只有学习到外部域（即非EIGRP域）的路由时，AD才会变化，对学习到的外部路由在路由表中的AD值为170（这一部分在后面的EIGRP重发布中讲解）。对于后面的开销值，EIGRP的开销值计算时依据以下公式得来：Metric=[Kl:pBVV+K2:pBW/（256-LOAD）+K3*DLY]*[K5/（RELIABILITY+K4）]*256在这里，EW是沿着路由路径到达目的网段的所有出战接II的EW带宽中的最小值，而DLY是这条路径DLY延迟的总和。系数K1到K5是可配置的加权值，它们的默认值是：K1=K3=1,K2=K4=K5=0o可以通过下面的命令来更改：metricweightstosklk2k3k4k5批注：BW是用因子107Kbit除以带宽得来的，DLY是以lOusec作为最小计虽单位如果K5被设置为0,则[K5/（RELIABILITY+K4）]这一项将不适用。按默认的给定加权值的缺省值，EIGRP的复合度量的计算公式将简化成缺省的度量（默认路由器使用的度量）：Metric=[Kl:pBW+K3*DLY]*256我们可以通过showipprotocols命令来查看给定加权值的缺省值，以R1为例Rl#showipprotocolsRoutingProtocolisneigip100”OutgomgupdatefilterlistforallmterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallmterfacesisnotset

DefaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdatesDefaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdatesEIGRPmetricweightKl=l,K2=0,K3=l，K4=0,K5=0EIGRPniaxmiumhopcount100EIGRPniaxmiummetricvaiiance1Redistiibutiiig:eigip100EIGRPNSF-awaierouteholdtimeris240sAutomaticnetworksunmiaiizationisnotineffectMaximumpath:4RoutingforNetworks:1.1.1.1/3212.1.1.0/2413.1.1.0/24RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistance13.1.1.390LastUpdateGatewayDistance13.1.1.390LastUpdate00:42:5290 00:42:54Distance:internal90external170Rl#〃此时，我们按照默认给定的加权值来计算R1学习R2的环回接II的开销：[11BW,是沿着路由路径到达目的网段的所有出战接II的EW带宽中的最小值我们从TOP中可以看出，R1到达R2的LO0接II需要经过R1自身的S1/0和R2的LO0,我们可以通过showiiiteiiaces来查看这两个接口的BWRl#showinterfacesSerial1/0Seriall/0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisM4TInternetaddressis12.1.1.1/24MTU1500bytes,BW1544Kbit,DLY20000usee,reliability255/255,txload1/255.ixload1/255EncapsulationHDLC,cic16.loopbacknotsetKeepaliveset(10sec)Restart-Delayis0secsLastinput00:00:03,output00:00:00.outputhangneverLastdealingof"showmterface11counters01:08:06Inputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max;drops/flushes);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstiategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotainhieshold/dgps)Conversations0/1/256(active/niaxactive/inaxtotal)ReseivedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)AvailableBandwidth1158kilobits/sec5nwiuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5nwiuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec1023packetsinput，66556bytes.0nobufferReceived361broadcasts,0milts,0giants，0tluottles0inputerrors.0CRC,0flame,0overnin.0ignored.0abort1041packetsoutput,68118bytes,0undenuns0outputenois,0collisions,5interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures.0outputbuffersswappedout4carriertransitionsDCD=upDSR=upDTR=upRTS=upCTS=upRl#R2#showinterfacesloopback0LoopbackOisup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisLoopbackInternetaddressis2.2.2.2/32MTU1514bytes,BW8000000Kbit.DLY5000usee,reliability255/255,txload1/255,ixload1/255EncapsulationLOOPBACK,loopbacknotsetLastinput00:00:03.outputnever,outputhangneverLastdealingof"showiiitei-faceHcountersneverInputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max/drops/flushes);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstiategy:fifoOutputqueue:0/0(size/max)5niuiutemputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5niuiuteoutputrate0bits/sec、0packets/sec0packetsinput,0bytes,0nobufferReceived0broadcasts,0Hints,0giants.0tluottles0inputerrors.0CRC,0flame,0overnin.0ignored.0abort646packetsoutput,38760bytes.0undenuns0outputenois,0collisions,0interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures.0outputbuffersswappedoutR2#通过黄色背景的字体，我们知道两个出II的带宽分别是R1的S1/0为1.544M,而R2的LO0为8000M,所以R1去往R2LOO接II的BW应该按照最小的BW即R1S1/0接II的BW计算，BW=1.544M[2]查看R1和R2的输出信息中的红色字体，我们得出DLY=20000+5000=25000usee这时我们得出R1去往R2LO0接II所在的网段即2.2.2.2/32,需要的开销值为Metric=[广BW+1*DLY]*256即Metric=[1107Kbit/1544Kbit+l*(20000usec+5000usec)/10usec]:f:256二[6476+2500广256=2297856批注：对于BW,BW-107/1544-6476.6S39,这里我对其収整即按照整数对其处理，那么BW-6476计算结果与实验得出的路由表中的结果是符合的补充：既然默认情况下，路由器计算Metric值是以BW和DLY为参考标准，以下我们修改这些标准，以EW为例我们可以通过在接II卞修改接II带宽来实现对BW的影响，以R1为例即通过命令Rl(config)#intsl/0R1(config-if)#bandwidth?<1-10000000>Bandwidtliinkilobitsiiilierit SpecifyhowbandwidthisiiilieritedR1(config-if)#bandwidth10000〃我们此时将R1的Sl/0接II的带宽设置为10000Kbit即10M此时，我们查看一下R1的Sl/0Rl#showinterfacessl/0Seriall/Oisup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisM4TInternetaddressis12.1.1.1/24MTU1500bytes.BW10000Kbit.DLY20000usee,reliability255/255,txload1/255.rxload1/255EncapsulationHDLC,cic16、loopbacknotsetKeepaliveset(10sec)Restart-Delayis0secsLastinput00:00:01,output00:00:00.outputhangneverLastdealingof"showinterface”counters02:21:16Inputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max/drops/flushes);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstiategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtoudnhreshold/diops)Conversations0/1/256(active/niaxactive/inaxtotal)ReseivedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)AvailableBandwidth7500kilobits/sec5niuiutemputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5niuiuteoutputrate0bits/sec.0packets/sec2502packetsmput,160688bytes,0nobufferReceived874broadcasts,0Hints,0giants,0tluottles0inputerrors.0CRC、0flame,0ovenun.0ignored.0abort2520packetsoutput,162075bytes.0undenuns0outputerrors,0collisions,5interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout4carriertransitionsDCD=upDSR=upDTR=upRTS=upCTS=upRl#〃我们看到R1的Sl/0接I1的带宽1544Kbit变化为10000Kbit这时，我们再去查看R1的路由表Rl#showiprouteCodes:C-connected.S-static,R-RIP.M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP.EX-EIGRPexternaLO・OSPEIA-OSPFmteraieaN1-OSPFNSSAexterna