《冰雪奇缘字幕汉译研究（英文）（论文）》

AStudyintotheChineseSubtitleTranslationofFrozen:APerspectiveofFunctionalEquivalence[Abstract]Withthefastdevelopmentofglobalization,theinteractionamongdifferentcountriesintheworldhasbecomemorefrequentthanbefore,inwhichexternalmovieshavewellacceptedbymanyaudienceasamethodbothforlanguagelearningresourcesandentertainment.Inordertoovercomethedifficultiesofunderstandingmoviesofotherlanguages,subtitletranslationhasbeaheatedtopicintranslationfield.However,duetotheculturaldifferencesaswellasthehighstandardsoftranslationskillsandtechniques,therestillexistmanyproblemsinsubtitletranslation,whichcausesundeniableproblemsfortranslators.BasedonNida’sFunctionalequivalencetheory,thispaperexplorestheE-CsubtitletranslationofFrozen,aworldfamousanimationfilmbyDisneyandproposessometranslationstrategiesonhowtobettertranslatetheoriginallinesintoChineseundertheguidanceofthetheorysothatmoreChinesemoviefanscanacceptandunderstandthemovietobetterenjoyit.[KeyWords]subtitletranslation;functionalequivalence;Frozen;translationstrategiesIntroductionInthecontextofglobalization,peopleturntopaymoreattentiontothepursuitoftheirspiritualworldaftermeetingtheirbasicneedsofsurvival.Complyingwiththeflow,filmandtelevisionindustrygraspsthisopportunityandenjoysasweepingprogress.Especiallyinrecentyears,BritishandAmericandramasoccupymoreandmoreseatsinChina'sfilmandtelevisionmarket.However,comparedwiththewesterntranslationfield,translationoffilmsandtelevisionserieshasnotreceivedenoughattention.Thegrowthmomentumofthefilmandtelevisionindustrycannotbeoverestimated.Withtheinfluxofalargenumberoffilmandtelevisionworks,thecontradictionbetweenthequantityofworksandthequalityoftranslationintensifies.Frozenisa3DanimatedfilmbasedonHansChristianAndersen'sFairytaleTheSnowQueen.Releasedin2014,thefilmbecamethehighestgrossinganimationfilmintheworldandthefifthhighestgrossingfilmofalltime,anditssuccessisnoaccident.Withitsbeautifulspecialeffects,mesmerizingsoundtrack,distinctivecharactersanddistinctivestory-lines,Frozenhasbecomeaglobalhit.InthecontextoftheofficialreleaseofFrozeninChina,thesubtitletranslationofthefilmhaslaidagoodfoundationforthepromotion,disseminationandbroadcastofthefilm.

Atthesametime,tosomeextent,itispreciselybecausethesubtitletranslationofthisfilmisveryconsistentwiththeacceptanceandresonanceofChineseaudience,whichdrivestheaudience'sinterestandloveforFrozen,thusplayinganimportantroleinpromotingthespreadofthisanimatedfilminChina.

However,intheprocessofsubtitletranslation,someinformationandculturearemistranslatedduetotheinaccurateunderstandingofthelanguagefeaturesandtheculturecontainedinthefilm.Therefore,thisthesistakestheemergingfieldoffilmandtelevisiontranslationasanentrytomakeanin-depthstudyofthestrategiesadoptedinsubtitletranslationoffilmandtelevisionworks.SincetheriseofthefunctionaltranslationschoolinGermanyinthe1980s,moreandmorescholarshaveacceptedandimprovedthistheory,sothisthesisisbasedonthistheory.Subtitletranslationisnotanewsubjectinthetranslationfield.AsTitfordpointed,thereexistedmanyproblemsintranslation,inwhichproblemsarosenotfromthetranslatorsthemselvesbutthemediumitself(Gottlieb,1994:123).Zhang(1998:213)summarizedtheimmediacyandpopularityofthelanguageofmoviesandTVplays.Inparticular,hemadeanin-depthanalysisoftheoralnatureoffilmandtelevisionlanguage.Qian(2000:62).putforwardfivecharacteristicsoffilmandtelevisionlanguagewhichweredifferentfromwrittenliteraturelanguage:listening,comprehensive,instantaneity,popularityandlackofnote.Heintroducedsevenpersonalexperiencesandemphasizedthat“expressiveness”isthemostimportantofthethreeprinciplesof“faithfulness”“expressiveness”and“elegance”intranslation.ThesevaluableexperiencesfromthepracticeoffilmandtelevisiontranslationhavelaidafoundationfortherefinementandresearchofChinesefilmandtelevisiontranslationtheories.Basedonthesetheories,otherscholarsfurthersummedupanddeepenedthecharacteristicsandprinciplesoffilmandtelevisiontranslation.TheoreticalFramework---FunctionalEquivalenceSincethestudyaimstodiscussthesubtitletranslation,andusuallythetranslationpracticeisguidedbytranslationtheories,somerelatedlinguisticallypragmatictheoriesmustbeemployedastheanalyticalmethodduringtheprocess,andthesetheoriesaretounder-girdtheconclusionsofthestudy.Overall,thisthesisisbasedonthefunctionalequivalencetheorybythewell-knownscholarNidawhendiscussingthesubtitletranslationofFrozen.DefinitionofFunctionalEquivalenceTheAmericantranslator,Nida,claimedFunctionalEquivalenceTheorywhenhewasdedicatedtotranslatingtheBible.InNida’sstandpoint,translationistorepresentproveniencelanguagefromwordsandphrasestosectionsandchapterswiththemostreasonableandspontaneouslanguage(Tan,1999:9).Nidabelievesthattherearetwotypesofequivalenceintranslation:formalcorrespondenceanddynamicequivalence.Inhispreliminarystudyoftranslationsciencepublishedin1964,heproposedadynamicequivalencetranslationstandard,andletusknowthatthereceiverofthetranslationandthetranslationinformation’relationshipissupposedtobetrulythesameasthatbetweenthereceiverandthesourceinformation.Nida'stranslationtheorycanbesaidtohaveafar-reachingimpactontheworld.ThisisnotonlybecauseNidahaspublishedalargenumberoftranslationmonographsandpapers,butalsobecausehehasinjectednewideasandvitalityintotranslationstudies(Guo,2000:70).Nida'sequivalencetheorymainlyfocusesonthetranslatabilityoftranslation,theculturalfactorsintranslation,thestatusofthetranslationreaderandthenatureoftranslation.Hefunctionalequivalenceisdefinedastheclosestnaturalequivalenttotheclosestnaturalequivalent)(Nida,2001:158),andcompletelyreferstothelikeinmathematicsforthetranslationthereisnocompleteequivalence,andcanonlybebasedonthefunctionofthevariousdegreesofclosestequivalence.Translationinvolvesanetworkofrelationships,andtheimportanceofindividualplacesisdeterminedbythecontextoftext,contextandculture(Snell,1988:35).Functionalequivalencemakestherelationshipbetweentheauthorandtheoriginalreader,andbetweenthetranslatorandthetargetreaderbecomebetter.PrinciplesforAchievingFunctionalEquivalenceEquivalenceisanimportantbasisfortranslation.Generallyspeaking,thetranslationqualitywillbeobtainedifthelanguageequivalenceisachieved.Theprincipleoftranslationequivalencecoversawiderange,andismainlymanifestedinthreeaspects:semanticequivalence,syntacticequivalenceandculturalequivalence(Cao,2012:172).SemanticEquivalenceNida'sresearchshowsthatheconsiderstranslationtobeaservicewhichisreader-concentric.“AthousandtranslatorsmakeathousandShakespeare",evenifthesametranslatortranslatesthesameworkathousandtimes,therewillbe"athousandShakespeare."ThisistheartistryofwhatNidacallstheactivityoftranslationitself(Yang&Guo,2019,55-58).Thesuccessoftranslationliesinwhetherthereaderofthetranslationcansuccessfullyunderstandthemeaningofthetranslationandtheoriginal.Ifthemeaningofthetranslatedaudiencefeelsandthereader'sfeelingsintheoriginallocale,readerindifferentlanguageshaverespondedtotheworkinthesameway,thenthistranslationisasuccessfultranslation.Goodparaphrasewillmakereadersinterestedintheoriginaltextandeventheoriginalculture.Thisisthecharmoftranslation.Translationisnotonlyamechanizedparaphraseofalanguage,butanart,fulloftranslator'swisdomandthebeautyoflanguage(Yu,2014:142).Conversely,abadtranslationislikelytodistortthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,expressitpoorly,andblocklanguage,andlosethebeautyoftheoriginallanguage.Arawandunintelligibletranslationcancausethereadertoresisttheoriginaltext,andtheeffectofsuchatranslationontheoriginaltextisundoubtedlynotgood.Poortranslationwillnotonlyhinderthedevelopmentofthepotentialaudience,butalsodamagethereputationoftheoriginaltextandhindertheaudience'sfurtherdevelopmentoftheoriginalwork.Nidaalsonotedthat"disappointments"intranslationwereinevitable.Becausethereisnoabsolutereciprocity,itisimportanttobeascloseaspossibletothemeaningoftheoriginaltextandtoreducethedifferencesbetweentheoriginalandthetranslation.Berelativelyreciprocalandtrytoconveytheoriginalintentasbestthetranslatorcan.SyntacticEquivalenceWhentranslating,thedifferencesinsyntaxarealsoabigproblem.Inovercomingsyntacticobstacles,NidagotalotofinspirationfromChomsky'sconcept,themostimportantthingofwhichistheconceptofcoresentence(KernelSentence).Nidabelievesthattobreakthesyntacticbarrier,itisnecessarytodividelongdifficultsentencesintocoresentencesorapproximatecoresentencesofvaryingnumbers(Nida,2004:120).Thissimplecoresentencecanbeacceptedbymostpeoplewhousevariouslanguages.Nomatterwhatlanguagetheusercanunderstandthemeaningofthecoresentence,therewillnotbemuchambiguity.Thecoresentencecanbeashortsentence,awordoraphrase.Thecoresentenceiseasiertounderstandthanthelongsentence,whichissimpleandclear,andhasastrongersenseofrhythm.Buttherefinementofcoresentencesalsoteststhetranslator'slanguageskills.CulturalEquivalenceCultureistheideologicalandspiritualtreasureaccumulatedforalongtime,anditisuniquefromothernations.AsAmericanSinologistJohnDeeneysays“Eachlanguageobtainsthenutrientsfromculture,sowecan'tjustpayattentiontotranslatingonelanguageintoanotherone,wemuststrivetofigureouttheexpressionhabitsofthetwoculturesintermsofthinkingandexpressingemotion”(Wan&Wu,2013:145).Intheprocessofculturalconversion,filmsubtitletranslationshouldtrytogetridoftheconstraintsofthesourcelanguageatthemost,andfullyconsidertheculturalhabitsofthetargetlanguage.Adoptingreasonabletranslationstrategiesishelpfultomakeupfortheculturedefaulttoachievethemaximumculturalequivalence.ApplicationofFunctionalEquivalencetotheE-CSubtitlesTranslationinFrozenFunctionalEquivalenceatLexicalLevelBasedonpreviousresearch,translationmeansthatitusesthemostappropriate,naturalandequivalentlanguagetoexpresstheoriginalmessagefromsyntaxtotextstyleinfunctionalequivalence(Guo,2000:258),andwhenfunctionalequivalencereferstocommunicationbetweendifferentlanguages,translationisconsideredasageneralterm,butmisinterpretationreferstooralinterpretation(Newmark,1991).translationofsubtitlescanbeconsideredasabranchoftranslationscience.Infact,therearesomelimitationswhentranslatingsubtitles.However,itcannotbeexcludedfromthegeneraltranslationcategory.Fromthelexicallevel,thewordsandphraseswithculturalimplicationswillbeanalyzedandwithcertainexamplesofthelinesfromthefilm.Example1:ST:Youlooklikeasadface.TT:真是一张苦瓜脸。Inthelineabove,asad-sadfacemeansthatthepersonisnothappy.InEnglish,ifsomeoneisnothappyandhasawrinkledface,wecansaythatheisunhappyorhasawrinkledfaceorhasasad-sadface.Similarly,inChinese,wehavethephrase"苦瓜脸",whichvividlyexpressestheexactmeaningincontext.Thephrase"asadface."bettertranslatedas"to苦瓜脸。"insteadofbeingtranslatedas"一张悲伤的脸”.HeretheChinesetranslationisinthesamemeaningwiththesourcetextonlywiththechangeoftheliteralmeaningandtheadaptationofChinesetraditionalexpressionsthatachievesthesameeffectsoftheline.ThisisinaccordancewiththeculturalequivalenceatthelexicallevelthataccordstotheChineseexpressionhabits.Let’sseeanotherexample.Example2:ST:Elsa,whathaveyoudone?Thisisgettingoutofhand!TT:埃尔莎，你又做了什么？你的魔法又失控了！Annalikestoplaywithhersister,whouseshermagictocreatehappyhoursforthem.However,inaplay,accidentallyfellhissister.Thewood-elvessay:“Magicincreaseswithage.Ifyoucan'tcontrolthemagic,youwillbehurtbythemagic.”Elsawasafraidbecauseshecouldn’ttakecontrolofthemagictoavoidhurtingherlovedones.ThislineiswhatKingsaidtoElsawhenhefoundhersister’problem.Here“Whathaveyoudone?”expressestheuncertaintiesofwhatElsadidthistimebecauseitwasnotthefirsttimeElsacouldn’tcontrolhermagic,sotheadditionof“又”betterillustratestherepetitionofElsa’sinabilitytocontrolthemagic.“outofhand”istranslatedas“失控”becauseinEnglishitisaphrasethatisusedfrequentlyforexpressingthingsthatcannotbecontrolled.ItisthebestwordtodescribethesituationthatmostsuitstheChineseaudience.FunctionalEquivalenceatSyntacticLevelSyntaxreferstosetsofrelationsbetween1exemeandlexemegroups.Theserelationshipscanbelinearincontext,i.e.,intheorderofmorphemes(syntax),ortheycanbereplaced(paradigm).Becausetherearemoretypesofrelationshipsbetweenmorphemesthanspecificsyntacticstructures,therearemanyambiguitiesorambiguitiesingrammar.Grammaticalambiguityandambiguityaregenerallyconsideredseriouslogicaldeficiencies,butcanalsobeconsideredapsychologicalnecessity.Iftherearedifferentrelationshipsanddifferentsyntacticstructures,thesyntactictoolsoflanguagearecompletelytediousanddifficulttomaster(Nida,2001:41).Fromalinguisticperspective,grammaristhestudyofrulesthatexploresthewayofcombiningdifferentcomponentsintosentencesinaparticularlanguageortherelationshipofelementsofsentencestructures(Hu,2006:73).Example3:ST:Youarelucky,itwasnotherheart.Theheartisnotsoeasilychanged,buttheheadcanbepersuaded.Dowhatyoumust.TT:还好没有击中她的心脏。击中心脏的话就难以转变了，但击中脑袋还是有办法的。做你应该做的。ThishappenedwhentheKingaskedhelpfromthestonetocureElsa.Inthesourcelanguage,theformalequivalenceisnotobeyedbecauseifittranslatedastheliteralmeaningexpressesas“你真幸运，不是她的心脏。心脏是不容易改变的，但是头是可以被说服的。做你必须做的。”,theChineseaudiencemaynotunderstandatall.Thereforethetranslatorchangedtheoriginalmeaningandusedliberaltranslationmethod.Thetargetlanguagecanreflectlanguagemustbethesamegrave,majestythekingofsupremestatus.Imperativesentence"whatdoyouthinkthe"solemnlyisinserioustone,conformingtotheidentityofthemasterofthecountryandrecreatingtheoriginalmeaningofthesourcelanguage.FunctionalEquivalenceatTextualLevelThestudyoffunctionalequivalenceofdiscourseisundoubtedlybehindthevocabularyandsyntacticlevel,thereisaconnectionbetweenwords,sentencesandspeech:word-sentence-speech.Thus,statementsformacompletestatementthatcanbespokenorwritten,butwrittenstatementsalwaysseverelyreducethenumberandtypesofuniquephoneticfeatures.Mostintentionaltraitsaremarkedonlyapproximately.Punctuationrarelyreferstoallimportantphoneticandsemanticbreaks(Nida,2001).Rhetoricaltraitscanplayanimportantroleinstudyingtheimpactandappealofaspeechortext.FortheroleofNidaNidaoffersseveralrhetoricalfunctionssuchassorting,repetition,embeddingandquotation.Example4:ST:Ican’tsleep.Theskyisawake,soI’mawake.TT:我睡不着。天亮了，我醒了。ThisisthesituationwhenAnnawascalledtogobacktosleep.Intheliteralmeaning,itmeansthattheskyisbecomingclearbecausethesuniscomingout.Annacouldn’tsleepbecauseofthelight.“Awake”literallymeans“醒了”inChinese,butitwasnottranslatedas“天醒了”becausetheexpressionisnotacceptedbyChineseaudience.SoinordertomaketheChineseaudiencemoreunderstandableofthisline,thetranslatortranslatedas“天亮了”，whichiswhattheoriginalmeaningthelinetriestoconvey.Thesecond“awake”istranslatedas“醒了”becausethesubjectisAnna,apersonwhoisabletosleepandgetup.ThetargetlanguageistranslatedaccordingtothefunctionalequivalencethroughtheuseofthemostappropriateandnaturalChineselanguagesothattheChineseaudiencecanfullyunderstandtheoriginalmeaningsexpressed.Thetheoryoffunctionalequivalenceisbasedonlinguisticstoproduce,sotheauthorthinksthatthesethreerhetoricaltraitsmayberelatedtotheconversationalimplicature,whichisatypeofimplicitmeaning,whichisdeducedbasedontheconventionalmeaningofthewordsalongwithcontext,undertheguidanceofthecooperativeprincipleanditsmaxims.Meanwhile,boththerhetoricaltraitsandtheconversationalimplicaturearerelatedtothediscourse.WhateverthefilmsorTVshows,therearethesamepurposesthatthetargetaudiencecanmainlyappreciateandunderstandthetruemeaning,thatis,itmakesasuccessfulcommunicationbetweentheoriginaltextandthetargetaudience.StrategiesforE-CSubtitleTranslationofFrozenBasedontheFunctionalEquivalenceFreeTranslationFreetranslation,alsoknownasliberaltranslation,isamethodoftranslationthatonlykeepstheoriginalcontent,butnottheoriginalform.Whenusingfreetranslation,onlythebasicmeaningoftheoriginallanguageneedstoberoughlyexpressed,andthetranslationcanbeproperlypolishedaccordingtoreceivers’languagehabits,aslongasthebasicmeaningoftheoriginallanguageisnotmisinterpreted(Lu,2008:122).Freetranslationismoreapplicabletothesituationwherethereisalargeculturaldifferencebetweenthetwolanguages,anditpaysmoreattentiontotherelativeindependencebetweentheoriginallanguageandthetargetlanguage.Bymeansoffreetranslation,receiverscanbetterunderstandthenationalcharacteristicsandculturalconnotationofthetargetlanguage.Example5:ST:Feistypants.Ok,relax.TT:女汉子，行了，放松。ThissentenceisAnnawhentheywerethrownintothesnowsnowblame,Christopertofightbacktohersnowblamediscouraged."女汉子"hereistranslatedbythefreetranslationstrategy;cleverlythe“feistypants”whichoriginallymeans“争强好胜”istranslatedundertheguidanceofdomesticationtranslation,whichshowstheessenceofthem.Inacceptaestheticsfieldofvisionofanticipationisconstantdevelopmentandchange,itdevelopswiththedevelopmentoftoday'ssocietychange,enhanced,sothetranslationshouldalsokeeppacewiththetimes,usingthelatestwords,meettheaudienceexpectationfieldofvision.Atthesametime,"女汉子"ismorecolloquial,conformtothetimeofthedialoguescenes.Therefore,Translationshouldbeaccordingtothescenetoselectthecorrespondingtranslationoftheoriginaltestsoastobettersuitthetargetaudience.Example6:ST:Yourpowerwillonlygrow.TT:你的魔法会越来越强。ThisiswhatthegoblinssaidtoElsa.Theword“power”means“力量”,and“grow”isaverbthatmeanstoincreasewhetherinageorbodyofaperson.HeretheChinesetranslationofthetwotermsusefreetranslationstrategytoachievethelexicalandsyntacticequivalence.BydoingsotheChineseaudiencecanbetterunderstandwhatmeaningthelineaimstoconvey.Morecommonly,itisusedinspokenlanguageexpressionofthesimpleexpressionsinsteadofwrittenforms,especiallyforyoungchildrenwhoenjoysanimation,"power"actuallymeansthemagic,soitistranslatedas“魔法”,and“grow”istranslatedas“越来越强”,whichconformstotheexpressionsofyoungchildren.LiteralTranslationLiteraltranslationappearedin1919.Itstressedthatthetranslationmustbefaithfultotheoriginaltext,soastoachieve"Da"(expressivenessinEnglish)and"Ya"(eleganceinEnglish).Literaltranslationisnotmechanicallytranslatedwordforword.SinceEnglishandChinesehavedifferentstructures,itisimpossibletotranslatewordforword.Literaltranslationistofullyandaccuratelyclarifythemeaningoftheoriginalsourcewithoutanydistortionorarbitraryadditionordeletionoftheoriginalideas,whilemaintainingtheoriginalstyle.(Li,2008:122).Example7:ST:IwillfindtheanswerswhenI'molder.TT:等我长大就能找到答案。Inthesourcelanguage,thislineisasentencewiththestructureofadverbialclauseoftime,whichisunlikeChinesewaysofexpressions.Inthetranslationofadverbialclausesoftime,attentionshouldbepaidtotheexpressionhabitinChinese.InEnglishadverbialscanbeplacedbeforeorafter,butinChineseadverbialclausesoftimearegenerallynarratedaccordingtothesequenceofevents.WhentranslatedintoChinese,thetranslatorchangesthewordorderaccordingtothelogicalorderbyputting“whenI’molder”（“等我长大”）inthefrontofthesentencesothatthetranslatedtextismoreinlinewiththelanguagehabitsofChinesepeople.Therefore,exceptforthesequenceofthesentence,thetranslatedversionisliterallyexactlythesamewiththeoriginaloneinmeaning,makingitmoreacceptedforChineseaudience.Example8:ST:whoa,papa,thatwasepic!TT:哇，爸爸，那真是太棒了!Inthisexample,itistranslatedintoChineseexactlyinaccordancewiththesyntacticequivalence.“epic”originallymeans“史诗级的”“宏伟的”“很棒的”。Combiningthecontextandtheidentityofthespeaker,Annaatthistimewasachildofthreeorfouryearsold.Iftheliteraltranslationis"epic",itisnotconsistentwithAnna'sidentity.Therefore,thetranslatorcombinedtheageandstatusofthecharacterandtranslateditinto"great".ItnotonlyconformstotheroleofAnnainthefilm,andachieveslexicalequivalence,butalsoshowsAnna'sloveliness,whichmakestheaudiencecan'thelplaughing.Example9:ST:Doesn'tmatter,thisisgonnabeacinch.TT:没关系，小菜一碟。InEnglish,theword“cinch”literallymeanssomethingthatisveryeasy,orathingthatiscertaintohappen,whichisthesamemeaningof“apieceofcake”.Therefore,itistranslatedas“小菜一碟”,whichnotonlyachievesthelexicalequivalence,butalsomakesChineseaudience-thetargetlanguageaudience'sresponsetothetranslationandtheoriginallanguageaudience'sresponsetotheoriginaltexttoachievethesameeffect.OmissionOmissionmeanstoomitsomesentencesorwordsintheoriginaltextwithoutchangingthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,soastomakethetranslationmoreconciseandclear.Infact,themethodofomissionistodeletesomeunnecessarywordsorphrases,ortoaddsomewordsorphrasesthatwillviolatetheidiomaticexpressionsofthetranslation(Jin,2006:9).Generallyspeaking,wordsomittedaregenerallygrammaticalwords,suchasprepositions,articlesandconjunctions.Thereasonwhythesetypesofwordsareemittedisbecausethesewordsconveynoactualmeaningbutareonlystructuralembellishmentsforsentences.Besides,thecategorywordsarealsoemittedinE-CtranslationprocessinordertobettersuittheChineseexpressionhabits.Let’sseesomeexamples.Example10:ST:Youmustlearntocontrolit.TT:你必须学会控制。Example11:ST:We’lllockthegates,we’llreducethestaff.TT:关上城门，遣散仆人。Inthe10thexample,“it”isomittedintheChineseversion.Thepronoun“it”inEnglishissuchawordthatishighlyfrequentlyusedinsentencesthoughitmeansnothing.Here“it”appearsafter“control”because“control”isatransitiveverbthatneedtobefollowedbyanoun.Here“it”isomittedbecauseinChinesearenotinthehabitofusingpronouninsentences,bettersuittheChineseaudienceontheconditionthatlexicalandsyntacticequivalenceareachieved.Inthe11stexample,thesubjectinthetwosentences-“we”iswipedoutinChinesetranslationbecauseChinesepeopleoftenputemphasisontheaction,notthesubject.Bydoingso,ononehandthethemeaningisidenticallyconveyed,andontheotherhandfunctionalequivalenceisachieved.AmplificationSupplementationoflanguageformsisthemainmethodtoachievedynamicequivalenceintranslation.Themethodofamplificationistoaddsomewordsinthemeaning(orrhetoric)andsyntaxtofaithfullyandsmoothlyexpressthecontentoftheoriginaltext.Thisisnotanarbitraryadditionoutofnothing,buttheadditionofwordsthathavemeaningintheoriginaltext.Addingtheimpliedmeaningorbackgroundoftheoriginaltextcanmaketranslationmorefluent,smoothandnatural.Theamplificationmethodismainlyusedintwocases:oneistomaketheunclearsemanticsclearwithmoresemantics;thesecondistoadjustthelanguagestructureinthetargetlanguagebymeansofamplificationtomakethetranslationmorelikethetargetlanguage.(Gao,2013:116).Example11:ST:Yellowandsnow?Brrr...nogo.TT:雪上加坨黄色？不，好恶心。Intheoriginalline,"Yellowandsnow?"remindstheaudienceofsomedisgustingthings,suchaswaste.Theofficialversionusesthetechniqueoffreeandamplificationtranslationstrategiesbyadding“加”and“坨”intheChineseversion.Theoriginalmeaningof“no”is“不”,and“go”isaverb,butitmaymaketheaudiencewonderifitistranslatedastheliteralmeaning.Soitaddssomeextrawordstomakethewholetextmorefluentandrelevantforthescenetoarousetheaudience'simaginationandinitiativesoastomakethefilmmoreinteresting.Example12:ST:AmIoutofshape?TT:我的屁股变形了吗？TheChineseversionadds“屁股”intranslationprocess,whichmakesitfunnyandhumorousforchildren.Originallythereisnowordsthatshowsthemeaningofbutt,buttheadditionoftheword“mybutt”of“I”notonlyconveysthemeaningaccurately,butalsoshowsthecutenessandvividnessofsnowbaby,moreacceptedforsmallchildren.Insummary,thesubtitletranslationofthefilmFrozenexemplifiesdifferentaspectsofequivalence,andundertheguidanceofthetheory,therearemanytranslationstrategiesareadaptedinthetranslationprocess.Thechiefaimofsubtitletranslationistomakethetargetaudiencebetterunderstandthemoviesothattheconnotationsofthe