常见有机化学方程式归纳

常见有机化学方程式归纳物质类别性质反应方程式一、烷烃1、燃烧cniiln¥l। q'戢*三兄十(磬।1)11/)CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O2、取代反应CH4+Cl2也，CH3C1+HClCH3C1+C12 CH2c12+HCl(或CH4+2C12 CH2C12+2HC1)CH2c12+C12 CHC13+HC1(或CH4+3C12 CHC13+3HC1)CHC13+C12 CC14+HC1(或CH4+4C12 CC14+4HC1)CH3cH3+Br2 &CH3cH2Br+HBr3、高温分解CH4 C+2H2个二、烯烃1、燃烧cjh1t+彳仇金三起8&+用2C2H4+3O2 2CO2+2H2O2、加成反应cn2=cir2+Br2 >cii—cir2BrBrCH2-CH2+H2催彳->CH£HaCH[=CH/HQ速等IcHJ,HQHch2=ch2+hci >CH^CH.n(JI—(Jl2=(H2+H(1里与也, 催化剂或：CH3CH-CH2+HCl——_->CH3—CH—CH3Cl

3、加聚反应=C也'加剂CH—CH七nCH2nCHCH3aL细UrfCH?—云nCH±=CHCl俄化制»十€也一『昨Cl4、氧化反应CH1KHi侬叫叫2HCHOKMnO4(H+^^COOH上一°阳22CO：三、快烃1、燃烧c/e122 腰匚生+5-1卯g2c2H2+5O2 4CO2+2H2O2、加成反应CH=CH+Br2 >CH=CHBrBrBrBrCH-CH+2Br; >CH—CHBrhrCH=CH+HCI*2**>CH2-CHCI四、芳香烃1、卤代c]+期上〜0-Br,HBr2、硝化cCH1+hno3±W.43HM。3雁党气c。力「N5+h2OCH：.,亡？°2+犯0O_N

3、加成1:+3H9 % >4、氧化CHnfi+1^ W+6/0?. COOHKMnOJH"1工1、与活泼金属反应2CH3cH20H+2Na >2CH3cH2ONa+H2个2、消去反应ch3ch2oh^^°4>ch2=ch2t+h2o五、醇3、脱水成醚2CH3CH2OH CH3cH20cH2cH3+H20ZE。"对华, 产*2”0CH20H ish收尸24、取代反应CH3CH2OH+HX八】CH3CH2X+H205、氧化C2Hb0+3clz点>>2CO2+3H2OCu2CH3CH3OH+03A>2cH3cHO+2H3OCu2CH3CHCH3+02-a—>2CH3—C—CHg+2H2OOH 0CH3CH2OHKMn」4（H+）q&cHOHMn5（H+*CHQDH

/H,S5.CH^COOH+CH3CH2OH^-^- CHjCOOCHgCHj+H206、酯化反应COOH 注Li COOCH7CH^1 +2CH3CH2OH\.II +2H2OCOOH △ COOCH2CH3CH20H >uenCH3COOCH31 +2CH3COOH普警三3 |2+2H2OCH声H 八 CH3COOCH2COOHch2oh康hso o=c，、ch2COOH CH2OH-△ 。='产之COQH CH户H…。…1 +1 -)2HOOC—cooch2—ch2oh+h2oCOOH CH2OH△2HO—CH2—COOH HOCH2—COOCH2—COOH+H202干彳0> +叫。C也OH H2C^^=。六、醛1、氧化2C2H4O+5O244CO2+4H2O催化制2CH3CHO+o2_E->2CH3COOHCHUCHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOH干njw膏/。口口鼻△*r*iLi广cchj^aac[.auc

2、还原催化剂CH3cHe♦H2—五―>CH3cHzOH七、酮1、加氢还原ch3—c—ch3+h2A>CH3—CH—ch3八、羧酸1、酸性2CH3COOH+2Na=2CH3COONa+H2tCH3COOH+NaOH=CHCOONa+H2O2CH3COOH+Na2CO3=2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2tCH3COOH+NaHCO3=CH3COONa+H2O+CO2t2、酯化反应参考醇的性质九、酯1、水解CH3COOCH2CH3+H2o CH3COOH+CH^CHaOHCH3COOCH2CH3+NaOH—△~>CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH十一、卤代烃1、水解反应CH3CH2Br+NaOH―^-^CH3CH2OH+NaBrNaOH其CH3cHzBr+H20——屋fCH3cH2cH+HBr2、消去反应CH3CH2Br+NaOH——CHJ+NaBr+H20十二、酚1、弱酸性OH ONa20+2Na->20+H2tOH ONaiL、 .「I| +NaOH >[|.+H20

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