崇明2018届高三英语一模试卷和答案

崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。请将答案填写在答题纸上）ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Inthestreet.A.Ajournalist.A.Theflyingtime.A.Shehadaholiday.B.Athome.Anelectrician.Onthephone.C.Asalesman.B.Thestrangeweather.C.TheA.Inthestreet.A.Ajournalist.A.Theflyingtime.A.Shehadaholiday.B.Athome.Anelectrician.Onthephone.C.Asalesman.B.Thestrangeweather.C.Theman,sjacket.Atanoffice.D.Anoperator.D.Thechangeablefashion.Hercousinvisitedher.A.Thestageisnotbigenough.C.It,snoteasyatalltogettickets.A.Helpthemantocopythenovel.C.Findacopyofthenovelfortheman.A.She,sgladthemanwaitedforher.C.Shewasn,tverylateforthemeeting.A.Hehasgotmorepagestowrite.C.Hehasalreadyfinishedhisreport.A.Sheneedsadifferentkindofjob.C.Sheusedtoworkforanewspaper.A.ThemanshouldhavehadhiscarB.Shetravelledwithhercousin.HercousinwasawayfromBelgium.B.They'reluckytogettwotickets.D.Thewomandoesn,twanttositnearthestage.B.ReturnthenoveltoAliceimmediately.D.AskAliceifthemancanborrowthenovel.B.She,dliketoreschedulethemeeting.D.She,ssorrythatshemissedthemeeting.B.Thewoman,sreportisalreadylongenough.D.Thewomanwillhavetimetofinishthereport.B.Sheoftengoesbackwithhersupervisor.D.She,dlikehersupervisor,sopinionofherwork.inspectedsooner.Themandoesn,tneedtohavehiscarinspecteduntilnextmonth.Theautoinspectioncenterwillbeclosedattheendofthemonth.Shehastowaitevenlongerthanthemandidtohavehercarinspected.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Alphabefsplanonself-drivingcars. B.Asuccessfultestofself-drivingcars.C.People,sresponsestoself-drivingcars.D.The3Dmapusedinself-drivingcars.高三英语共14页第1页

A.Thecamera.B.Thelaserdevice. C.Thebuilt-inGPS.D.Thesensorsandradar.A.Self-drivingcarsarealreadycommon. B.Itwasthefirsttestofself-drivingcars.C.Thereexistsdistrustinself-drivingcars. D.Driversarestillneededinself-drivingcars.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Tourismcanbringalotofdisadvantages.B.Tourismisincreasinglypopulartheseyears.C.Tourismshouldbenefitlocalcommunities.D.Tourismhasbecomeaprobleminsomeplaces.A.Thecostoffuelislow. B.MorepeoplearevisitingChina.C.Planeticketsarecheap. D.Peopleneedtourismforjobsandwealth.A.1.8millionmorepeoplewilltravelin2030accordingtotheUNWTO.Measureshavebeentakentoaddressovertourisminsomeplaces.TalebRifaidoesn,tregardovertourismasaproblem.Somecitieshaveforbiddentouriststovisitthem.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Becausethejokewasaboutdinner.C.Becausetheyhadnoideaaboutthejoke.A.Becausethejokewasaboutdinner.C.Becausetheyhadnoideaaboutthejoke.A.Itwascarefullyprepared.C.Thefoodtherewasdelicious.A.Stupid. B.Challenged.A.Thegirls,joketurnedouttobeasuccess.B.Togetalltheboysinvolvedinthejoke.D.Toleavetheboysnotimetotakerevenge.Theboyswereeachaskedtotakeabowl.D.Suppershouldbeskippedbeforetheparty.Confused. D.Disappointed.Theclassteacherwasnotgenerousenough.Theboysmanagedtotakerevengeonthegirls.Thefoodwasdelicioussothebowlswereemptied.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.StarGiraffeFinallyGivesBirthApril,agiraffewhobecameanInternetstarafterherpregnancywasbroadcastonline,hasfinallygivenbirth,endingmonthsofexcitementforheraudience.ThelivebroadcastfromAnimalAdventureParkinHarpursville,theStateofNewYork,beganduringthewinter.(21)drewnearlyfivemillionviewersadayatitspeak.Someviewerskeptcheckingback,evenaftertheperiod(22)Aprilwasexpectedtogivebirthhadgone.Othersbecamefrustrated,questioning(23)shewasreallypregnant.Finally,(24)_Aprilwaspacinginherpen(畜栏)onApril15,twohooves(蹄)begantoappear.Afterafewhours,anewly-borngiraffewaslyingonthefloor,(25)(look)aroundconfusedly.Thecalf(幼崽)triedtostandafewtimesbut(26)not.Anhourlater,itwas(27)_itsfeet,walkingaroundcarefully.Aspokesmanfortheanimalparksaidthecalfwasaboy.高三英语共14页第2页“Aftermonthsofpregnancy,bothmomandcalfaredoingfine,”saidJordan,theownerofAnimalAdventurePark.PeopleinHarpursvillenowhopetheattentionthatApril(28)_(draw)willtranslateintoaneconomicdevelopmentforthearea.Harpursvillewasonceamanufacturingbase,butithasstruggledfinanciallyinrecentyears.Fortunately,therearealreadysigns(29) April,sfameisbreathingnewlifeintothearea.Dozensoffamiliesrecentlyarrivedattheanimalparkafterhoursofdriving,only(30)(find)itclosedforthewinter.Anearbyhotelhasbookedmorethan100reservationsforapackagethatincludesadmissiontotheparkwhenitreopensinMay.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.modelB.competitiveC.insertingD.pickupE.originalF.missionG.priceH.mirroringI.branchingJ.virtualK.buyingCompanyBuildsWorld’sFirstAutomobVfeedingMachine(自动贩卖机)Thankstoused-carwebsiteCarvana,itisnowpossibletobuyyourownsetofwheelsatthetouchofabutton,fromtheworld,sfirstandonlycoin-operatedcarvendingmachineinNashville,Tennessee.It,squick,easy,andnotcheap,butcheaperthanbuyingacartheoldway.Thecompanyhasbeenworkingontheconceptforthepasttwoyears.Their31carvendingmachinewasinstalledinAtlantain2013.Butthey,vespenttimeimprovingthedesign,inordertotakeuserexperiencetothenextlevel.“OurnewVendingMachineisastate-of-the-art,multi-storystructurethatdeliversourcustomers,carsbymerely32aspecialcoin,”saidCarvanaCEOErnieGarcia.Themachineconsistsofafive-storyglasstowerthatcanholdupto20carsatatime.Thetowerbasicallyservesasa(n)33pointforusedcarsthatcustomerspurchasethroughthewebsite,enabling34pricingandeliminatingdeliverycosts.Customerscanaccessalonglistofspecifications,ratings,reviews,andlotsofotherdetailsaboutthecarsthey'reinterestedinontheCarvanawebsite.Theyevenget_35toursthatpointouteveryscratchonthebodyofthecar.Oncethecarischosenandpaidfor,thecompanyusuallydeliversthecartothecustomerforaseven-daytrialperiod.Thisusuallymeansthedeliverycostsareworkedintothe36ofthevehicle.ButwiththeVendingMachine,customersareabletogotopickuptheircarsstraightaway.Ifsawin-win37thatallowsCarvanatocutdownonstaffandoverhead(「间接费用),andsavecustomersabout$2,000aswell.Accordingtothecompany,italsomakesforagreat38experience一placinganoversizedcoininaslot(硬币投币口)andwatchingtheircarrolldownautomatically.“Carvana,s39istocreateabetterwaytobuyacar,andthisnewVendingMachinewillbeaone-of-a-kindexperience,40justhowsimpleandeasywe,vemadeittobuyacaronline,”Garciasaid.Headdedthecompanyplanstobuildmorecarvendingmachinesinthefuture.高三英语共14页第3页ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.StayoutoftheSuntoLookYoungForgetdrinkingcountlessglassesofwaterorgettingyourbeautysleep.Thesecretoflookingyoungissimplytostayoutofthesun.Astudyofhundredsofwomenhasrevealedthatthosewhoavoidedthesun,srayslookedupto20yearsyoungerthantheyactuallyare.However,othersupposedrulesforayouthfulcomplexion（肤色）,fromdrinkinglotsofwatertosleepingwellandexercisingregularly,failedto41thehandsoftime.Onlykeepingoutofthesun,andwearingsunscreenwhenthiswasn,tpossible,madea42,theAmericanAcademyofDermatology,sannualconferencewillheartoday.Theinteresting43comesfromastudyof231womenofallageswhowerequizzedabouttheirlives,includingwhethertheyweresun-lovers.WhenresearchersfromMassachusettsGeneralHospitalintheUS一commissionedbyskincarefirmOlay一guessedhowoldthewomenwere,theyfoundthosewho44inthesuntendedtohaveagedmoreslowly.Aluckyfourhadsofewwrinklesand45spots,andsuchafreshcomplexion,thattheyappearedtobeafulltwodecadesyoungerthantheyreallywere.ResearcherDrAlexaKimball,aprofessorofdermatology（皮肤医学）,saidthe46advicethatwedrinklotsofwatertostayhealthyisactuallyamyth（谬见）,andthebodyis‘prettygood,atjudginghowmuchweneed.PreviousresearchbytheBritishNutritionFoundationreacheda47conclusion.Expertstheresaid:‘Justdrinkingwaterforthesakeofdrinkingwaterreallyhasnoeffectonimprovingtheappearanceofskin.,Itisn,tclearwhythewomenwho48welldidn,thaveyounger-lookingskin.Butitmaybethatthequestiontheywereaskedwastoo49anddidn'ttakeintoaccounttheirlongtermsleeppatterns.Asecondstudy,alsobyOlay,suggestedthatlow-leveldaytodayexposuretothesunismoreageingthan50,intenseexposure.Finally,DNAexaminationoftinysamplesofthewomen,sskinhelpedunderstandthe51donebythesun.AgenecalledCDKN2Awasmoreactiveinfacialskinthatisexposedtotheelementsthaninsamplestakenfromthebottoms.Thisgenewasalsomoreactiveinwomenwhosaidtheylovedthe52 -andinthosewholookedolder.DrKimballsaidCDKN2Aactivityisa53thatacellis‘tiredout,andurgedwomenshouldprotecttheirskinyearroundandnotjustwhenonabeachholiday.DrFraukeNeuser,principalscientistatOlay,whichhasusedthe54todevelopitslatestfacecreams,said:‘Thisresearchgivesusadetailedpictureoftheeffectofsunexposureonskinageingandillustratetheimportanceofprotectionona55basis.741.A.addtoB.benefitfromC.dependonD.holdback42.A.mistakeB.proposalC.differenceD.comment43.A.findingB.suggestionC.prospectD.possibility44.A.cheeredupB.wereexposedC.madetroubleD.tookcare高三英语共14页第4页45.A.ageB.troubleC.scenicD.weak46.A.faultyB.popularC.helpfulD.conflicting47.A.betterB.similarC.falseD.satisfactory48.A.ateB.exercisedC.actedD.slept49.A.hardB.apparentC.narrowD.serious50.A.occasionalB.limitedC.potentialD.initial51.A.goodB.damageC.treatmentD.miracle52.A.beautyB.waterC.skinD.sun53.A.trendB.possibilityC.signD.chance54.A.productB.researchC.approachD.sample55.A.temporaryB.personalC.dailyD.strictSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）MickeyMouseandShrekarejustacoupleoftheAmericananimated（动画的）characterslovedtheworldover.Andtheyareexamplesoftheevolutionofanimation,whichhasbroughtuniquenewlifetothefilmindustry.AmongthefirstAmericananimatedfilmswasLightoftheMoon,asilentmovieproducedin1911usingsilhouette（剪影）animation,wherethecharactersarerepresentedonlyasblacksilhouettes.TherealbreakthroughforAmericananimationcamewithSteamboatWillie,createdbyWaltDisneyandreleasedin1928.Itwasthefirstanimatedfilmtobeaccompaniedbysound,anditsmainstar,MickeyMouse,becameoneofthemostloveableandenduringanimatedcharactersevercreated.DisneyalsocreatedthefirstAmericanfull-lengthanimatedfilm,SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs.Releasedin1937,itenjoyedworldwidebox-officesuccess.Disney,sextremelycarefulattentiontohigh-qualitydetailinthethousandsofhand-painteddrawingsrequiredatthattimetomakeananimatedfilmelevatedthisfilmtechniquetothelevelofaseriousartform.Clayanimationisatypeofstop-motionanimationusingformsmadeofclay.ClayanimationfilmshavebeenproducedintheUnitedStatessince1908.Butthisformofanimationonlywonwidepopularappealin1955withashortfilmcalledGumbasia,createdbyArtClokey.Computer-generatedimagery,orCGI,broughtanimationtoanewlevelofartistryandrealism.Usedinfilmsincethe1960s,CGIanimationbegantodeveloprapidlyinthemid-1990s.ToyStory,releasedin1995andcreatedbyPixarandDisneyStudios,wasthefirstcompletelycomputer-generatedanimatedfeaturefilm.In2001,DreamWorksandPacificDataImagesreleasedShrek,thefirstcomputer-animatedfeaturefilmtowinanOscar.Shrekreturnedin2004withhistalkingdonkey,hisprincessbrideFiona高三英语共14页第5页

andanarmyoffairy-talecharactersinShrek2.Hugelypopular,thatfilmbecamethehighest-grossing(票房最高的)animatedfilmofalltime.Inadditiontostrictlyanimatedmovies,animationhasbeenmixedintofilmsshowingliveactorsaswell.WhocanforgettheterrifyinglyrealdinosaursthunderingthroughStevenSpielberg,sJurassicParkmoviesandtheactorstheychased?Thankstothepowerfulcapabilitiesoftoday,scomputersandtheunlimitedimaginationofAmericanfilmmakers,animationwillbeentertainingaudiencesworldwideforalongtimetocome.Thepassageismainlyabouttheofanimation.A.influenceB.popularity C.characters D.developmentWhichfilmmarkedthebeginningofthecompletedigitalageofAmericananimation?A.LightoftheMoon. B.SteamboatWillie.C.ToyStory. D.Shrek.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.DisneyplayedaveryimportantroleinpromotinganimationcomputersmakeanimatedcharactersmorelovelyJurassicParkmoviesinvolveonlyliveactorsclayanimationenjoyslong-lastingpopularityWhatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofanimationfromthepassage?Animationwillforeverremainanessentialformofentertainment.Animationwillbereplacedbynewformsoffilmsinthenearfuture.Animationwillcontinuouslygainnewlifeduetocomputersandimagination.Animationwillgetmorepopularinthefutureforthedevelopingfilmtechnology.everyexceptChristmas(B)everyexceptChristmasftGftG9*[HituvmBelgraveJourneytimesK^turrtJOuiriTty(hEabji.":：E'IlfEaifrhL^ld!khli.')oe嵬》iiiiiiuleM-Hutrvuiimr■匕ciidlijdQ-❸50mijnuk^3hcnirs--&1hsijr,o-❺1hour505htiwrsRMOHEL1U&SidllNiS4ivdr*]rams戈t高三英语共14页第6页

ThePuffingBillyRailway,locatedabout40kmeastofMelbourne,wasconstructedintheearly1900stoopenupremoteareas.ThepresentlinebetweenBelgraveandGembrooktravelsthroughtheforestsandfarmlandsofthemagnificentDandenongRanges.Today,thisnon-profitRailwayoperatesalmostdailythankstothetirelesseffortsofmorethan900dedicatedvolunteers.GeneralInformation:Peoplewithdisabilities-canbeaccommodatedonmostexcursiontrains,includingalimitednumberofwheelchairs.Pleasephonetocheckavailability.EasyaccesstoiletsareatBelgrave,LakesideandGembrook.Refreshmentsandsouvenirs-areavailableatmoststations.RailwayTracks-standingandwalkingonthetracksisnotpermitted.Prams(婴儿车)-onlyfoldingornarrowtypepramscanbeaccommodatedthroughthenarrowcarriagedoors.Smoking-isnotpermittedonthetrainorunderanyroofedareas.AssistanceDogscertifiedbyaregisteredauthority-aretheonlydogsallowedonthetrainandmustbekeptonleadatalltimes.Alcohol-isnotpermittedontrains(exceptasprovidedindiningcars).Toilets-arelocatedateachstation.ParentingroomsarelocatedatBelgrave,Lakeside&Gembrook.■Photographsandvideos-forpersonalusearepermitted.Weddingphotographyandanyuse,re-useorreproductionforcommercialpurposesisprohibitedwithoutpriorwrittenpermission.Conditions:Concessionfares(优惠票价)areavailabletoAustralianbearersofHealthCare,Student,Seniors,CompanionorPensionercards.(Excludeeveningdiningandevents).Yoursignaturemayberequiredondayoftravelforverificationpurposes.Childrenunder4years,notoccupyingaseat,arecarriedFREEonexcursiontrainsonly,excludingspecialeventsanddiningtrains.Discountsareavailableforpre-bookedgrouptravel(20ormore)onareturnjourney,exceptonSundays,publicholidaysandschoolholidays.Alltrainsaresteam-drivenunlessadiesellocomotive(柴油机车)isrequiredinexceptionalcircumstances.FirstClassTravelreturnjourneysareonappointedtrainsonly.Theaboveinformationismainlyintendedfor .A.internationaltouristsinAustralia B.potentialtravellersofthesteamtrainsC.localresidentsinDandenongRanges D.volunteersonthePuffingBillyRailwayPeoplearenotpermittedtobringontotheexcursiontrains.A.prams B.guidedogs C.wheelchairs D.alcoholWhatcanbelearnedfromtheaboveinformation?Takingphotosisforbiddenonmostexcursiontrains.Toiletsforthedisabledarenotavailableatallstations.ForeignvisitorstoAustraliacanalsogetconcessionfares.Onecangetticketsatalowerpriceaslongashebooksinadvance.高三英语共14页第7页(C)Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents“soft”skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture,astudyfinds.DukeUniversityresearcherslookedataprogramcalledFastTrack,whichwasstartedinthe1990sforchildrenwhowereidentifiedbytheirteachersandparentstobeathighriskfordevelopingaggressivebehavioralproblems.Thestudentswererandomizedintotwogroups;halftookpartintheinterventiOn干预),whichincludedateacher-ledcurriculum,parenttraininggroups,academictutoringandlessonsinself-controlandsocialskills.Theprogram,whichlastedfromfirstgradethroughtenthgrade,reducedarrestsanduseofhealthandmentalhealthservicesasthestudentsagedthroughadolescenceandyoungadulthood,asresearchersexplainedinaseparatestudy.Inthelateststudy,researcherslookedatthe“why”behindthosepreviousfindings.Inlookingatthedatafromnearly900students,theresearchersfoundthataboutathirdoftheimpactonfuturecrimeoutcomeswasduetothesocialandself-regulationskillsthestudentslearnedfromages6to11.TheacademicskillsthatweretaughtaspartofFastTrackturnedouttohavelessofanimpactoncrimethandidthesoftskills,whichareassociatedwithemotionalintelligence.“Theconclusionthatwewouldmakeisthatthesesoftskillsshouldbeemphasizedevenmoreinoureducationsystemandinoursystemofsocializingchildren,”saysKennethDodge,aprofessoratDukewhowasaprincipalinvestigatorinthisstudyaswellasintheoriginalFastTrackproject.Parentsshoulddoalltheycantopromotetheseskillswiththeirchildren,Dodgesays,asshouldeducationpolicymakers.ToNeilBernstein,apsychologistinWashington,D.C.,whospecializesinchildandadolescentbehaviordisorders,theresearchers,findingsseemtomatchwhathe,sseenamongthegeneralpublicinworkingwithchildrenformorethan30years.Andwhilehesaysheagreeswiththeimportanceofteachingself-controlandsocialskills,hewouldaddempathytothelist,too.“Empathyiswhatmakesusawareofthefeelingsofothers,andwhenyou,reempathic,you,remuchlesslikelytohurtsomeoneelse,sfeelings,”saysBernstein,whoservesontheadvisoryboardforthePartnershipforDrug-FreeKids.“Beingintunewithhowsomeoneelsefeelsmightalsomakeadolescentsavoidbullyingandotherbehaviorsofconcern,”Bernsteinsays.WhileBernsteinthinksthestudy'sfindingsaremeaningfulandcouldpotentiallyserveasamodelforschools,hesaysthatcollectivelygettingaschoolsystem,teachers,parentsandstudentsallmotivatedenoughtotakepartinaninterventionlikeFastTrackischallenging.FastTrackisaimedto.A.improvechildren,sacademicskills B.helpthechildrenwithbehaviordisordersC.identifytheproblematicchildren D.classifychildrenintodifferentgroupsNeilBernsteinthinksthat.empathicchildrenaremorelikelytohavehigheremotionalintelligencethefindingsofthestudiesdisagreewithwhathehasfoundinhiswork高三英语共14页第8页empathyisequallyessentialineducatingandsocializingchildrenself-controlandsocialskillsarenotasimportantasempathyWhatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?It,shardtoinvolveeveryoneconcernedinapplyingthefindings.Softskillswerenotpartoftheeducationsysteminthepast.ThefindingsaremeaninglessunlessguidedbyFastTrack.Adolescenceisthemostcriticalstageinaperson,slife.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?Academicskillsarepaidtoomuchattentionatschools.Academicskillshavenoinfluenceonchildren,sbehaviors.Softskillsaremuchhardertodevelopthanacademicskills.Softskillsplayasignificantroleinpreventingfuturecrimes.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Soit,snoteasyforEnglishspeakerstolabelplacevaluesclearly.Theadditionalmentalstepsneededtosolveproblemscausemoreerrors.DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish,inparticular,havebeenstudiedfordecades.Thismethodisapowerfultoolforsolvingmoreadvancedmulti-digitadditionandsubtractionproblems.Differentlanguagesindicatedifferentwaysofthinking,causingpeopletosolvemathproblemsdifferently.Thatmakesiteasierforchildrentounderstandtheplacevalueaswellasmakingitclearthatthenumbersystemisbasedonunitsof10. TheBestLanguageforMathWhat,sthebestlanguageforlearningmath?Hint:You,renotreadingit.Chinese,JapaneseandKoreanusesimplernumberwordsandexpressmathconceptsmoreclearlythanEnglish.ThelanguagegapisdrawinggrowingattentionasconfusingEnglishnumberwordshavebeenlinkedinseveralstudiestoweakercountingandarithmeticskillinchildreninEnglish-speakingcountries.67AmongtheresearchersareKarenFuson,aprofessorintheSchoolofEducationatNorthwesternUniversity,andLiYeping,anexpertonChinesematheducationatTexasA&MUniversity.Chinesehasjustninenumberwords,whileEnglishhasmorethantwodozen.Thetroublestartsat“11”.Englishhasauniquewordforthenumber,whileChinese(aswellasJapaneseandKorean,amongotherlanguages)havewordsthatcanbetranslatedas“ten-one”一spokenwiththe“ten”first.68Englishnumberwordsover10don'tasclearlylabelplacevalues.Numberwordsfortheteens高三英语共14页第9页reversetheorderoftheonesand“teens”，makingiteasyforchildrentoconfuse,say,17with71.Asaresult,childrenworkingwithEnglishnumberwordshaveahardertimedoingmulti-digitadditionandsubtraction（减法）.69ItalsofeelsmorenaturalforChinesespeakersthanforEnglishspeakerstousethe“make-a-ten”additionandsubtractionstrategy.Whenaddingtwonumbers,studentsbreakdownthenumbersintopartsandregroupthemintotensandones.Forinstance,9plus5becomes9plus1plus4. 70ManyteachersinAmericahaveincreasedinstructioninthemake-a-tenmethodandcalledforfirst-graderstouseittoaddandsubtract.Now,youshouldfeelluckythatyouarelearningmathinChina.Thankstoyourmothertongue,allmathproblemsjustcomelessconfusinganddifficulttoyou!IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.FromBurnSurvivortoGlobalInspirationLastOctober,theKonaIronmanWorldChampionshipwitnessedanunbelievablefinish.TuriaPitt,anAustralianwomanwhosufferedsevereburnswhencaughtinabushfireduringamarathonsixyearsago,successfullychallengedherself.Pittspent864daysinahospitalandwentthroughmorethan200operations.Doctorssaidshewouldneverrunagain,butsheprovedthemwrong.CrossingthelineintheHawaiiandarkness,Pittshowedincredibleemotionastheracecommentator（现场解说员）announced:“TuriaPitt,youareanironman!”Onsocialmedia,peoplearoundtheworldapplaudedherdetermination.Apartfromcontinuingtobeastarathlete,Pittisalsoamotivationalspeakernow.Sheissharingherjourneyofrecoverywithotherstohelpraiseawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation,whichshebelievessavedherlife.Pittwas24yearsoldwhensheandfiveothersencounteredthefire.Doctorshadtoremovetheburntskinandreplaceitwithdonatedskinthatcouldfightinfection.NonecouldbefoundinAustraliaanddoctorswereforcedtosearchabroad.TheyfinallyfoundskinthatcouldbeusedintheUnitedStates.“I’mnotbeingdramatic,butitwastheskinthatsavedmylife,“saidPitt.“IdecidedtolivemylifetothebestofmyabilitiesbecauseIneverwantedthosedonors,wherevertheyare,tothinkIwasungratefulfortheirgift.”SoPittsetherselfabiggoal:theKonaIronmanWorldChampionship.Inordertocompete,shehadtofirstlearnhowtostand,walkandeventalkalloveragain.Andbecauseofherburns,shealsohastroublesweatingandregulatingherbodytemperature.Despitethesedisadvantages,Pittcompletedtheraceinjust14hours.Shesaidthisachievementwouldnotbepossiblewithoutthedonatedskin,highlightingtheimportanceoforgandonation.高三英语共14页第10页V.Translati